Published in Br J Cancer on June 01, 1957
Cancer etiology. Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions. Science (2015) 21.42
The origin and evolution of mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. Cell (2012) 9.66
The two "hit" and multiple "hit" theories of carcinogenesis. Br J Cancer (1969) 4.08
Multistage carcinogenesis and the incidence of colorectal cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2002) 3.64
Genetic progression and the waiting time to cancer. PLoS Comput Biol (2007) 3.57
How many etiological subtypes of breast cancer: two, three, four, or more? J Natl Cancer Inst (2014) 3.43
The mutation rate and cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1996) 2.73
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Stochastic tunnels in evolutionary dynamics. Genetics (2004) 2.42
A cancer theory kerfuffle can lead to new lines of research. J Natl Cancer Inst (2014) 1.91
SOMATIC MUTATION AND CHRONIC DISEASE. Br Med J (1965) 1.85
Failure of programmed cell death and differentiation as causes of tumors: some simple mathematical models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1995) 1.78
Evolution in health and medicine Sackler colloquium: Somatic evolutionary genomics: mutations during development cause highly variable genetic mosaicism with risk of cancer and neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2009) 1.59
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Pretumor progression: clonal evolution of human stem cell populations. Am J Pathol (2004) 1.57
The evolution of two mutations during clonal expansion. Genetics (2007) 1.52
Enhanced stem cell survival in familial adenomatous polyposis. Am J Pathol (2004) 1.51
Time course of risk factors in cancer etiology and progression. J Clin Oncol (2010) 1.46
Cancer evolution: mathematical models and computational inference. Syst Biol (2014) 1.36
Myelodysplastic syndromes: pathogenesis, functional abnormalities, and clinical implications. J Clin Pathol (1985) 1.36
Challenging the axiom: does the occurrence of oncogenic mutations truly limit cancer development with age? Oncogene (2012) 1.29
Modelling the consequences of interactions between tumour cells. Br J Cancer (1997) 1.20
Dose-response relationships for carcinogens: a review. Environ Health Perspect (1987) 1.20
The age incidence of chronic myeloid leukemia can be explained by a one-mutation model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2006) 1.17
Stochastic elimination of cancer cells. Proc Biol Sci (2003) 1.16
Multistage models of carcinogenesis. Environ Health Perspect (1985) 1.15
Advances for studying clonal evolution in cancer. Cancer Lett (2013) 1.14
Apoptosis, ageing and cancer susceptibility. Br J Cancer (2003) 1.08
Estimating cancer risks to a population. Environ Health Perspect (1978) 1.07
Dynamics of targeted cancer therapy. Trends Mol Med (2012) 1.07
Analysis of epidemiological cohort data on smoking effects and lung cancer with a multi-stage cancer model. Carcinogenesis (2006) 1.06
Hypermutability in carcinogenesis. Genetics (1998) 1.04
Spatial structure increases the waiting time for cancer. New J Phys (2011) 1.02
Cell selection as driving force in lung and colon carcinogenesis. Cancer Res (2010) 1.01
The mathematics of cancer: integrating quantitative models. Nat Rev Cancer (2015) 1.00
A multistage theory of age-specific acceleration in human mortality. BMC Biol (2004) 0.99
Factors associated with lung cancer. Br J Cancer (1968) 0.98
Analysis of malignancy in human cells: malignant and transformed phenotypes are under separate genetic control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1978) 0.96
Genetic variation in cancer predisposition: mutational decay of a robust genetic control network. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2004) 0.95
Stochastic dynamics of cancer initiation. Phys Biol (2011) 0.91
Cancer models, genomic instability and somatic cellular Darwinian evolution. Biol Direct (2010) 0.90
Predicting the carcinogenicity of chemicals in humans from rodent bioassay data. Environ Health Perspect (1991) 0.86
High blood pressure related to carcinogen-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis, DNA carcinogen binding, and chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1976) 0.86
Age-incidence relationships and time trends in cervical cancer in Sweden. Eur J Epidemiol (2001) 0.85
Multifocality and recurrence risk: a quantitative model of field cancerization. J Theor Biol (2014) 0.84
Multistage carcinogenesis. Br J Cancer (2004) 0.84
A new model of time scheme for progression of colorectal cancer. BMC Syst Biol (2014) 0.82
Studying health histories of cancer: a new model connecting cancer incidence and survival. Math Biosci (2009) 0.82
Astrocytes derived from trisomic human embryonic stem cells express markers of astrocytic cancer cells and premalignant stem-like progenitors. BMC Med Genomics (2010) 0.82
Quantitative implications of the approximate irrelevance of mammalian body size and lifespan to lifelong cancer risk. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci (2015) 0.81
BONE TUMOUR PRODUCTION IN MICE BY STRONTIUM-90: FURTHER EXPERIMENTAL SUPPORT FOR A TWO-EVENT HYPOTHESIS. Br J Cancer (1963) 0.80
Modelling of carcinogenesis and low-dose hypersensitivity: an application to lung cancer incidence among atomic bomb survivors. Radiat Environ Biophys (2003) 0.79
High constant incidence rates of second primary cancers of the head and neck: a pooled analysis of 13 cancer registries. Int J Cancer (2010) 0.79
Evaluating the number of stages in development of squamous cell and adenocarcinomas across cancer sites using human population-based cancer modeling. PLoS One (2012) 0.78
Modeling excess lung cancer risk among screened arm participants in the Mayo Lung Project. Cancer (2010) 0.78
Mutator/Hypermutable fetal/juvenile metakaryotic stem cells and human colorectal carcinogenesis. Front Oncol (2013) 0.77
Parallel routes of human carcinoma development: implications of the age-specific incidence data. PLoS One (2009) 0.77
Using cell replication data in mathematical modeling in carcinogenesis. Environ Health Perspect (1993) 0.77
An argument for mechanism-based statistical inference in cancer. Hum Genet (2014) 0.77
Modeling tumor evolutionary dynamics. Front Physiol (2013) 0.77
Mechanistic Models Fit to ED001 Data on >40,000 Trout Exposed to Dibenzo[A,L]pyrene Indicate Mutations Do Not Drive Increased Tumor Risk. Dose Response (2014) 0.76
Estimating the effect of targeted screening strategies: an application to colonoscopy and colorectal cancer. Epidemiology (2017) 0.76
Effects of time-variant exposure on toxic substance response. Environ Health Perspect (1987) 0.75
Two-stage and Weibull models for carcinogenesis applied to the ED01 discontinued dosing data. Environ Health Perspect (1991) 0.75
Modeling Tumor Clonal Evolution for Drug Combinations Design. Trends Cancer (2016) 0.75
A computational model incorporating neural stem cell dynamics reproduces glioma incidence across the lifespan in the human population. PLoS One (2014) 0.75
HZE Radiation Non-Targeted Effects on the Microenvironment That Mediate Mammary Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol (2016) 0.75
Susceptibility to stomach cancer. Br J Cancer (1968) 0.75
Alternative hypotheses for the role of promotion in chemical carcinogenesis. Environ Health Perspect (1983) 0.75
Early life bereavement and childhood cancer: a nationwide follow-up study in two countries. BMJ Open (2013) 0.75
Presenile dementia: some pathological problems and possibilites. Proc R Soc Med (1971) 0.75
Multiple changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in human retinoblastoma. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc (1996) 0.75
Size, longevity and cancer: age structure. Proc Biol Sci (2016) 0.75
A systems approach defining constraints of the genome architecture on lineage selection and evolvability during somatic cancer evolution. Biol Open (2012) 0.75
The number of key carcinogenic events can be predicted from cancer incidence. Sci Rep (2017) 0.75
Changing mutational and adaptive landscapes and the genesis of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta (2017) 0.75
Smoking and carcinoma of the lung; preliminary report. Br Med J (1950) 55.13
MORTALITY IN RELATION TO SMOKING: TEN YEARS' OBSERVATIONS OF BRITISH DOCTORS. Br Med J (1964) 28.21
The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits; a preliminary report. Br Med J (1954) 18.11
Lung cancer and other causes of death in relation to smoking; a second report on the mortality of British doctors. Br Med J (1956) 16.29
A study of the aetiology of carcinoma of the lung. Br Med J (1952) 13.36
MORTALITY IN RELATION TO SMOKING: TEN YEARS' OBSERVATIONS OF BRITISH DOCTORS. Br Med J (1964) 12.84
The age distribution of cancer and a multi-stage theory of carcinogenesis. Br J Cancer (1954) 11.33
The separate inheritance of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Ann Eugen (1951) 5.85
Mortality from lung cancer in asbestos workers. Br J Ind Med (1955) 5.77
Mortality from primary tumours of bone in England and Wales. Br Med J (1961) 5.57
TREATMENT OF GASTRIC ULCER WITH CARBENOXOLONE SODIUM AND OESTROGENS. Gut (1965) 5.25
Cancer of the lung and nose in nickel workers. Br J Ind Med (1958) 4.81
The causes of death among gas-workers with special reference to cancer of the lung. Br J Ind Med (1952) 4.68
Adult leukaemia; trends in mortality in relation to aetiology. Br Med J (1959) 4.67
Effect of smoking on the production and maintenance of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Lancet (1958) 4.60
Sequential tests in prophylactic and therapeutic trials. Q J Med (1954) 4.23
Surviving tissue suspensions for influenza virus titration. J Hyg (Lond) (1952) 4.06
Adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy for advanced cancer of the breast. Lancet (1960) 3.63
Clinical comparison of diamorphine and pholcodine as cough suppressants by a new method of sequential analysis. Lancet (1957) 3.61
The protective action of antihistamines in the anaphylactic microshock of the guinea-pig. Br J Pharmacol Chemother (1952) 3.53
MEDICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC ULCER. Scott Med J (1964) 3.52
MORTALITY OF GASWORKERS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CANCERS OF THE LUNG AND BLADDER, CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, AND PNEUMOCONIOSIS. Br J Ind Med (1965) 3.41
OBSERVER DISAGREEMENT IN PHYSICAL SIGNS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. Lancet (1965) 3.14
A STUDY OF THE AETIOLOGY OF CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX UTERI. Br J Cancer (1964) 3.01
Bronchial carcinoma; incidence and aetiology. I. Br Med J (1953) 2.95
Asian influenza in pregnancy and congenital defects. Br J Prev Soc Med (1960) 2.95
Gastro-intestinal cancer and the use of liquid paraffin. Br J Cancer (1954) 2.88
Lung cancer mortality and the length of cigarette ends; an international comparison. Br Med J (1959) 2.72
Yellow fever vaccination in Malaya by subcutaneous injection and multiple puncture. Neutralizing antibody responses in persons with and without pre-existing antibody to related viruses. Bull World Health Organ (1962) 2.59
A study of the chromosome damage persisting after x-ray therapy for ankylosing spondylitis. Lancet (1962) 2.54
British standard for pertussis vaccine: its use in routine control of commercial vaccines. Br Med J (1957) 2.49
AGE AT ONSET OF LUNG CANCER: SIGNIFICANCE IN RELATION TO EFFECT OF SMOKING. Lancet (1965) 2.48
Expectation of life and mortality from cancer among British radiologists. Br Med J (1958) 2.44
Incidence of leukaemia after exposure to diagnostic radiation in utero. Br Med J (1960) 2.44
Secretion of blood group substances in duodenal, gastric and stomal ulcer, gastric carcinoma, and diabetes mellitus. Gut (1961) 2.43
Cancer of the lung in relation to tobacco. Br J Cancer (1951) 2.26
Observations on blood group distribution in peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Gut (1960) 2.24
Dietetic treatment of peptic ulcer. Lancet (1956) 2.21
Factors influencing the rate of healing of gastric ulcers; admission to hospital, phenobarbitone, and ascorbic acid. Lancet (1952) 2.19
An experimental factor analysis of cancer mortality in England and Wales 1921-30. J Hyg (Lond) (1952) 2.11
Statistical concepts in the theory of bacterial mutation. J Hyg (Lond) (1953) 1.84
Perforated carcinoma of the stomach simulating perforated gastric ulcer. Br Med J (1950) 1.74
Change of human chromosome count distribution with age: evidence for a sex differences. Nature (1963) 1.70
An overlap problem arising in particle counting. Biometrika (1949) 1.68
Distribution of human chromosome counts in relation to age. Nature (1961) 1.66
The detection of variation in host susceptibility in dilution counting experiments. J Hyg (Lond) (1956) 1.60
Mortality from lung cancer among non-smokers. Br J Cancer (1953) 1.60
Environmental factors in the aetiology of cancer of the stomach. Gastroenterologia (1956) 1.59
The significance of cell type in relation to the aetiology of lung cancer. Br J Cancer (1957) 1.59
Continuous intragastric milk drip in treatment of uncomplicated gastric ulcer. Lancet (1956) 1.56
Geographical variation in leukaemia mortality in relation to background radiation and other factors. Br Med J (1960) 1.54
Bronchial carcinoma: incidence and aetiology. Br Med J (1953) 1.53
CANCER: THE POSSIBILITIES. Br Med J (1965) 1.51
Further analysis of controlled trials of treatment of haemolytic disease of the newborn. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp (1953) 1.43
Recurrent Mikulicz's aphthae treated with topical hydrocortisone hemisuccinate sodium. Double-blind controlled clinical trial. Br Med J (1960) 1.41
Studies in the variability of pock counts. J Hyg (Lond) (1957) 1.40
Occupational lung cancer: a review. Br J Ind Med (1959) 1.37
Value of a large dose of antitoxin in clinical tetanus. Lancet (1960) 1.37
Gastric secretion and subsequent dyspepsia; a follow-up study. Lancet (1949) 1.30
The mortality from leukaemia and other cancers among patients with Down's syndrome (mongols) and among their parents. Br J Cancer (1962) 1.29
Virus diseases in pregnancy and congenital defects. Br J Prev Soc Med (1958) 1.26
Venous thrombosis during dextrose infusion. Lancet (1960) 1.25
The effects of cortisone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone on experimental inflammations in the human skin. Clin Sci (Lond) (1953) 1.25
DIETARY FACTORS IN CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH: A STUDY OF 100 CASES AND 200 CONTROLS. Gut (1964) 1.24
An examination of some experimental cancer data in the light of the one-hit theory of infectivity titrations. J Natl Cancer Inst (1959) 1.23
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CAUSATION. Gut (1964) 1.18
Etiology of lung cancer. Adv Cancer Res (1955) 1.18
The treatment of intermittent claudication with vitamin E. Lancet (1953) 1.17
Geographical distribution of primary tumours of bone in England and Wales. Br J Prev Soc Med (1961) 1.16
Interpretation of chromosome counts made on bone-marrow cells. Lancet (1960) 1.16
Clinical trial of Robaden and of cabbage juice in the treatment of gastric ulcer. Lancet (1954) 1.13
Intermittent dosage in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with streptomycin; a report to the Streptomycin in Tuberculosis Committee of the Medical Research Council. Br Med J (1950) 1.12
The risks of gastroscopy. A survey of 49,000 examinations. Lancet (1951) 1.12
Sequential methods in clinical trials. Am J Public Health Nations Health (1958) 1.03
Treatment and prognosis of acute perforated peptic ulcer. Br Med J (1953) 1.02
The vitamin D content of tissues of rats given ergocalciferol. Biochem J (1954) 0.96
The membrane piece technique for in vitro infectivity titrations of influenza virus. J Hyg (Lond) (1957) 0.96
The risk of gastric cancer after medical treatment for gastric ulcer. Gastroenterologia (1957) 0.96
Leukaemia and aplastic anaemia in patients irradiated for ankylosing spondylitis. Spec Rep Ser Med Res Counc (G B) (1957) 0.95
The normal range of the prothrombin time estimated by Quick's method. J Clin Pathol (1959) 0.95
A note on the epidemiology of malaria. Trop Dis Bull (1953) 0.92
INTERPRETATIONS OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA. Cancer Res (1963) 0.91
The carcinogenic risk of radiation human leukemia. Acta Unio Int Contra Cancrum (1960) 0.89
The effect of penicillin and of streptomycin on blood coagulation in normal subjects. J Pharm Pharmacol (1952) 0.89
International survey of eclampsia and pre-eclampsia, 1958-59: epidemiological aspects. Pathol Microbiol (Basel) (1961) 0.89
Laboratory tests for incipient thrombosis. J Clin Pathol (1953) 0.88
Lung cancer and tobacco; the B.M.J.'s questions answered. Br Med J (1956) 0.87
The inheritance in the rat of the capacity to eliminate nicotinamide methochloride. Biochem J (1953) 0.85
Occupational factors in the aetiology of gastric and duodenal ulcers with an estimate of their incidence in the general population. Spec Rep Ser Med Res Counc (G B) (1951) 0.85
Lung cancer and cigarette smoking. Acta Unio Int Contra Cancrum (1959) 0.84
Increased adrenocorticotrophic hormone in the sera of acutely scorbutic guinea-pigs. J Endocrinol (1957) 0.84
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CANCER IN MAN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AGE. Acta Unio Int Contra Cancrum (1964) 0.82
Comparison of two hypotensive agents; report of a clinical trial. Anaesthesia (1959) 0.81
Smoking and peptic ulcer. Schweiz Z Pathol Bakteriol (1958) 0.80
Dose-response relationship in radiation leukaemia. Nature (1959) 0.79
Smoking and lung cancer. Br Med J (1953) 0.79
Deaths from poliomyelitis among British doctors. Br Med J (1957) 0.79
On the etiology of lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst (1950) 0.78