Alcohol intake and risk of incident gout in men: a prospective study.

PubWeight™: 4.12‹?› | Rank: Top 1%

🔗 View Article (PMID 15094272)

Published in Lancet on April 17, 2004

Authors

Hyon K Choi1, Karen Atkinson, Elizabeth W Karlson, Walter Willett, Gary Curhan

Author Affiliations

1: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. hchoi@partners.org

Associated clinical trials:

Health Professionals Follow-up Study | NCT00005182

Articles citing this

(truncated to the top 100)

EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: Management. Report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis (2006) 6.36

EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part I: Diagnosis. Report of a task force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis (2006) 4.59

Soft drinks, fructose consumption, and the risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study. BMJ (2008) 3.71

Alcohol intake and risk of incident psoriasis in US women: a prospective study. Arch Dermatol (2010) 2.86

Vitamin C intake and serum uric acid concentration in men. J Rheumatol (2008) 2.05

Epidemiology of gout. Arthritis Res Ther (2010) 1.99

Concordance of the management of chronic gout in a UK primary-care population with the EULAR gout recommendations. Ann Rheum Dis (2007) 1.86

Epidemiology, risk factors, and lifestyle modifications for gout. Arthritis Res Ther (2006) 1.80

Risks of combined alcohol/medication use in older adults. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother (2007) 1.75

Primary care providers' knowledge, beliefs and treatment practices for gout: results of a physician questionnaire. Rheumatology (Oxford) (2013) 1.72

Diet, urate, and Parkinson's disease risk in men. Am J Epidemiol (2008) 1.69

Global epidemiology of gout: prevalence, incidence and risk factors. Nat Rev Rheumatol (2015) 1.57

Fructose-rich beverages and risk of gout in women. JAMA (2010) 1.42

Sex differences in gout epidemiology: evaluation and treatment. Ann Rheum Dis (2006) 1.39

Vitamin C intake and the risk of gout in men: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med (2009) 1.33

Diagnosis and management of gout. BMJ (2006) 1.29

Epidemiology of gout. Rheum Dis Clin North Am (2014) 1.28

Contemporary epidemiology of gout in the UK general population. Arthritis Res Ther (2011) 1.26

Risk factors for gout and prevention: a systematic review of the literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol (2011) 1.23

Patients' knowledge and beliefs concerning gout and its treatment: a population based study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord (2012) 1.15

Gout--current diagnosis and treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int (2009) 1.14

Urate: a novel biomarker of Parkinson's disease risk, diagnosis and prognosis. Biomark Med (2010) 1.13

Effects of diet, physical activity and performance, and body weight on incident gout in ostensibly healthy, vigorously active men. Am J Clin Nutr (2008) 1.10

The epidemiology of uric acid and fructose. Semin Nephrol (2011) 1.06

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with gout: a multicenter study. J Korean Med Sci (2005) 1.06

Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants for treatment of Parkinson's disease: preclinical and clinical outcomes. Biochim Biophys Acta (2013) 1.04

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: a risk factor for prevalent gout with SLC2A9 genotype-specific effects on serum urate and risk of gout. Ann Rheum Dis (2013) 1.04

The promise of neuroprotective agents in Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol (2011) 0.96

Coffee consumption and risk of incident gout in women: the Nurses' Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr (2010) 0.94

Serum uric acid is associated with incident chronic kidney disease in middle-aged populations: a meta-analysis of 15 cohort studies. PLoS One (2014) 0.93

Racial differences in gout incidence in a population-based cohort: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol (2013) 0.93

What epidemiology has told us about risk factors and aetiopathogenesis in rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Res Ther (2009) 0.93

Relationship between lifestyle choices and hyperuricemia in Chinese men and women. Clin Rheumatol (2012) 0.91

[Full version of the S2e guidelines on gouty arthritis : Evidence-based guidelines of the German Society of Rheumatology (DGRh)]. Z Rheumatol (2016) 0.91

Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and risk of gout in US men and women. Ann Rheum Dis (2014) 0.90

Gout: a review of nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors. Rheum Dis Clin North Am (2014) 0.90

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of Chinese herbal decoction for the treatment of gout. PLoS One (2014) 0.90

Manifestations of metabolic syndrome associated with male gout in different age strata. Clin Rheumatol (2007) 0.90

Diagnosis and management of gout: a rational approach. Postgrad Med J (2005) 0.89

Common dysfunctional variants of ABCG2 have stronger impact on hyperuricemia progression than typical environmental risk factors. Sci Rep (2014) 0.89

Association of the lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 gene with gout and non-additive interaction with alcohol consumption. Arthritis Res Ther (2013) 0.89

Association analysis of the SLC22A11 (organic anion transporter 4) and SLC22A12 (urate transporter 1) urate transporter locus with gout in New Zealand case-control sample sets reveals multiple ancestral-specific effects. Arthritis Res Ther (2013) 0.89

Serum urate and its relationship with alcoholic beverage intake in men and women: findings from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort. Ann Rheum Dis (2010) 0.89

An update on the pathology and clinical management of gouty arthritis. Clin Rheumatol (2011) 0.88

Validity of gout diagnosis in Swedish primary and secondary care - a validation study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord (2015) 0.87

Elderly-onset gout: a review. Rheumatol Int (2007) 0.87

Targeting inflammasomes in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol (2013) 0.86

AMP-activated protein kinase suppresses urate crystal-induced inflammation and transduces colchicine effects in macrophages. Ann Rheum Dis (2014) 0.85

Uric acid and antioxidant effects of wine. Croat Med J (2010) 0.85

Incident gout in women and association with obesity in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Am J Med (2012) 0.85

The association of gout with sleep disorders: a cross-sectional study in primary care. BMC Musculoskelet Disord (2013) 0.84

Alcohol quantity and type on risk of recurrent gout attacks: an internet-based case-crossover study. Am J Med (2014) 0.84

Factors associated with gout in South Koreans: analysis using the National Health Insurance Corporation and the National Health Screening Exam databases. Clin Rheumatol (2013) 0.83

Lack of gene-diuretic interactions on the risk of incident gout: the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Ann Rheum Dis (2015) 0.83

Prevalence of hyperuricemia and its correlates in rural Northeast Chinese population: from lifestyle risk factors to metabolic comorbidities. Clin Rheumatol (2015) 0.83

Independent association of serum retinol and β-carotene levels with hyperuricemia: A national population study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) (2012) 0.83

Prospective study of alcohol consumption and self-reported hearing loss in women. Alcohol (2014) 0.83

Prospective study of alcohol use and hearing loss in men. Ear Hear (2011) 0.82

A meta-analysis of alcohol consumption and the risk of gout. Clin Rheumatol (2013) 0.82

Alcohol intake, serum uric acid concentrations, and risk of gout. Lancet (2004) 0.82

Risk factors for gout developed from hyperuricemia in China: a five-year prospective cohort study. Rheumatol Int (2012) 0.81

New and improved strategies for the treatment of gout. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis (2010) 0.81

Familial aggregation of gout and relative genetic and environmental contributions: a nationwide population study in Taiwan. Ann Rheum Dis (2013) 0.81

Association of SLC2A9 genotype with phenotypic variability of serum urate in pre-menopausal women. Front Genet (2015) 0.81

The prevalence of hyperuricemia and its correlates in an inland Chinese adult population, urban and rural of Jinan. Rheumatol Int (2012) 0.80

Asymptomatic hyperuricemia: is it time to intervene? Clin Rheumatol (2017) 0.79

Latest evidence on gout management: what the clinician needs to know. Ther Adv Chronic Dis (2012) 0.79

Serum urate levels and consumption of common beverages and alcohol among Chinese in Singapore. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) (2013) 0.79

Diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol (2014) 0.79

Risk factors of acute myocardial infarction in middle-aged and adolescent people (< 45 years) in Yantai. BMC Cardiovasc Disord (2015) 0.79

The association between hyperuricemia and the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta-3 adrenergic receptor. Rheumatol Int (2007) 0.79

Acute monoarthritis: what is the cause of my patient's painful swollen joint? CMAJ (2009) 0.79

Gout in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci (2015) 0.78

Impact of Urate Level on Cardiovascular Risk in Allopurinol Treated Patients. A Nested Case-Control Study. PLoS One (2016) 0.77

Additive composite ABCG2, SLC2A9 and SLC22A12 scores of high-risk alleles with alcohol use modulate gout risk. J Hum Genet (2016) 0.77

Beer and wine consumption and risk of knee or hip osteoarthritis: a case control study. Arthritis Res Ther (2015) 0.77

Positive association of tomato consumption with serum urate: support for tomato consumption as an anecdotal trigger of gout flares. BMC Musculoskelet Disord (2015) 0.76

Relationship between red cell distribution width and serum uric acid in patients with untreated essential hypertension. Sci Rep (2014) 0.76

The rising prevalence and incidence of gout in British Columbia, Canada: Population-based trends from 2000 to 2012. Semin Arthritis Rheum (2016) 0.76

A cross-sectional internet-based patient survey of the management strategies for gout. BMC Complement Altern Med (2016) 0.76

Functional and Structural Characterization of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase from Kluyveromyces lactis and Its Potential Applications in Reducing Purine Content in Food. PLoS One (2016) 0.75

Gout. BMJ Clin Evid (2011) 0.75

Gout. BMJ Clin Evid (2015) 0.75

An old disease with new insights: Update on diagnosis and treatment of gout. Eur J Rheumatol (2014) 0.75

Serum urate gene associations with incident gout, measured in the Framingham Heart Study, are modified by renal disease and not by body mass index. Rheumatol Int (2015) 0.75

The Relation of Moderate Alcohol Consumption to Hyperuricemia in a Rural General Population. Int J Environ Res Public Health (2016) 0.75

Gout. Ann Intern Med (2016) 0.75

Gout, have we met before? No, not like this... J Gen Intern Med (2006) 0.75

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Western diet, and risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study. BMJ (2017) 0.75

Rhazes viewpoints about causes, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of gout. J Med Ethics Hist Med (2012) 0.75

Taking the stress out of managing gout. Can Fam Physician (2009) 0.75

Use of febuxostat in the management of gout in the United Kingdom. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis (2016) 0.75

Gout. BMJ Clin Evid (2008) 0.75

The epidemiology and treatment of gout. Open Access Rheumatol (2011) 0.75

Gout in immigrant groups: a cohort study in Sweden. Clin Rheumatol (2017) 0.75

Efficient GSH delivery using PAMAM-GSH into MPP-induced PC12 cellular model for Parkinson's disease. Regen Biomater (2016) 0.75

Alterations in microRNA expression associated with alcohol consumption in rectal cancer subjects. Cancer Causes Control (2017) 0.75

Clinical characteristics of early- and late-onset gout: A cross-sectional observational study from a Chinese gout clinic. Medicine (Baltimore) (2016) 0.75

Drinking alcohol and gout. Lancet (2004) 0.75

Is tea consumption associated with the serum uric acid level, hyperuricemia or the risk of gout? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord (2017) 0.75

Articles by these authors

Genome-wide association study meta-analysis identifies seven new rheumatoid arthritis risk loci. Nat Genet (2010) 9.90

Two independent alleles at 6q23 associated with risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Genet (2007) 8.74

Common variants at CD40 and other loci confer risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Genet (2008) 7.07

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in women diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation (2003) 6.62

Replication of putative candidate-gene associations with rheumatoid arthritis in >4,000 samples from North America and Sweden: association of susceptibility with PTPN22, CTLA4, and PADI4. Am J Hum Genet (2005) 6.61

Purine-rich foods, dairy and protein intake, and the risk of gout in men. N Engl J Med (2004) 6.53

Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albuminuria are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. A collaborative meta-analysis of high-risk population cohorts. Kidney Int (2011) 5.47

Renal insufficiency in the absence of albuminuria and retinopathy among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA (2003) 5.33

Relation between serum phosphate level and cardiovascular event rate in people with coronary disease. Circulation (2005) 5.29

Non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: what we know now. Int J Epidemiol (2011) 4.74

Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. Lancet (2016) 4.49

Electronic medical records for discovery research in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) (2010) 4.15

Soft drinks, fructose consumption, and the risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study. BMJ (2008) 3.71

Genetic variants at CD28, PRDM1 and CD2/CD58 are associated with rheumatoid arthritis risk. Nat Genet (2009) 3.52

Use of the albumin/creatinine ratio to detect microalbuminuria: implications of sex and race. J Am Soc Nephrol (2002) 3.48

Independent impact of gout on mortality and risk for coronary heart disease. Circulation (2007) 3.39

Walking and leisure-time activity and risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. JAMA (2002) 3.39

Investigation of candidate polymorphisms and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients on methotrexate. Rheumatology (Oxford) (2009) 3.33

Habitual intake of flavonoid subclasses and incident hypertension in adults. Am J Clin Nutr (2010) 3.19

Genome-wide association analyses identify 18 new loci associated with serum urate concentrations. Nat Genet (2012) 3.04

Integration of genetic risk factors into a clinical algorithm for multiple sclerosis susceptibility: a weighted genetic risk score. Lancet Neurol (2009) 2.95

Portability of an algorithm to identify rheumatoid arthritis in electronic health records. J Am Med Inform Assoc (2012) 2.94

Obesity, waist circumference, weight change, and the risk of psoriasis in women: Nurses' Health Study II. Arch Intern Med (2007) 2.89

Cigarette smoking and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheum (2004) 2.88

Alcohol intake and risk of incident psoriasis in US women: a prospective study. Arch Dermatol (2010) 2.86

Proteinuria, impaired kidney function, and adverse outcomes in people with coronary disease: analysis of a previously conducted randomised trial. BMJ (2006) 2.85

Obesity, weight change, hypertension, diuretic use, and risk of gout in men: the health professionals follow-up study. Arch Intern Med (2005) 2.80

CUBN is a gene locus for albuminuria. J Am Soc Nephrol (2011) 2.70

Risk factors for advanced colonic neoplasia and hyperplastic polyps in asymptomatic individuals. JAMA (2003) 2.68

Comparison of threshold cutpoints and continuous measures of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in predicting future rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol (2009) 2.61

Smoking intensity, duration, and cessation, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women. Am J Med (2006) 2.60

Pooled results from 5 validation studies of dietary self-report instruments using recovery biomarkers for energy and protein intake. Am J Epidemiol (2014) 2.53

Reproductive and menopausal factors and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in women. Arthritis Rheum (2007) 2.44

Biomarkers of inflammation and progression of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int (2005) 2.43

Prospective evaluation of analgesic use and risk of renal cell cancer. Arch Intern Med (2011) 2.34

Experience with etanercept in an academic medical center: are infection rates increased? Arthritis Rheum (2002) 2.32

Prospective study of the association of changes in dietary intake, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking with 9-y gain in waist circumference among 16 587 US men. Am J Clin Nutr (2003) 2.29

The association between gout and nephrolithiasis: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1994. Am J Kidney Dis (2002) 2.26

Systemic lupus erythematosus and the risk of cardiovascular disease: results from the nurses' health study. Arthritis Rheum (2009) 2.26

Intake of purine-rich foods, protein, and dairy products and relationship to serum levels of uric acid: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum (2005) 2.25

Changes in dietary fat and declining coronary heart disease in Poland: population based study. BMJ (2005) 2.23

C-reactive protein in the prediction of rheumatoid arthritis in women. Arch Intern Med (2006) 2.22

Dietary intake of vitamin D during adolescence and risk of adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) (2012) 2.13

Association of age, race, and obstetric history with urinary symptoms among women in the Nurses' Health Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol (2003) 2.13

Rheumatoid arthritis risk allele PTPRC is also associated with response to anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy. Arthritis Rheum (2010) 2.08

Intake of added sugar and sugar-sweetened drink and serum uric acid concentration in US men and women. Hypertension (2007) 2.05

Vitamin C intake and serum uric acid concentration in men. J Rheumatol (2008) 2.05

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with gout: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum (2007) 1.95

Physical activity and male colorectal cancer survival. Arch Intern Med (2009) 1.95

Relation between alkaline phosphatase, serum phosphate, and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Circulation (2009) 1.85

Dietary flavonoid intakes and risk of type 2 diabetes in US men and women. Am J Clin Nutr (2012) 1.84

Interaction between smoking, the shared epitope, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide: a mixed picture in three large North American rheumatoid arthritis cohorts. Arthritis Rheum (2007) 1.83

Oral health and peripheral arterial disease. Circulation (2003) 1.83

Association of sweetened beverage intake with incident hypertension. J Gen Intern Med (2012) 1.81

Multivariate assessment of lipid parameters as predictors of coronary heart disease among postmenopausal women: potential implications for clinical guidelines. Circulation (2004) 1.78

Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies regions on 7p21 (AHR) and 15q24 (CYP1A2) as determinants of habitual caffeine consumption. PLoS Genet (2011) 1.77

Identification of heart rate-associated loci and their effects on cardiac conduction and rhythm disorders. Nat Genet (2013) 1.72

Improving case definition of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in electronic medical records using natural language processing: a novel informatics approach. Inflamm Bowel Dis (2013) 1.71

Changes in whole-grain, bran, and cereal fiber consumption in relation to 8-y weight gain among men. Am J Clin Nutr (2004) 1.70

Exposure to traffic pollution and increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Environ Health Perspect (2009) 1.70

Diet, urate, and Parkinson's disease risk in men. Am J Epidemiol (2008) 1.69

Cardiovascular risk factors in women with and without rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum (2004) 1.69

Occupational silica and solvent exposures and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in urban women. Arthritis Rheum (2006) 1.62

Normalization of plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D is associated with reduced risk of surgery in Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis (2013) 1.60

A pravastatin dose-escalation study in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int (2007) 1.54

Genome-wide association study and gene expression analysis identifies CD84 as a predictor of response to etanercept therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS Genet (2013) 1.54

Cod liver oil, vitamin A toxicity, frequent respiratory infections, and the vitamin D deficiency epidemic. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol (2008) 1.53

Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of non-hodgkin lymphoma: Cohort Consortium Vitamin D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers. Am J Epidemiol (2010) 1.52

Beer, liquor, and wine consumption and serum uric acid level: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum (2004) 1.51

Gene × physical activity interactions in obesity: combined analysis of 111,421 individuals of European ancestry. PLoS Genet (2013) 1.51

The association between gout and nephrolithiasis in men: The Health Professionals' Follow-Up Study. Kidney Int (2003) 1.48

The relationship between disease activity, sleep, psychiatric distress and pain sensitivity in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. Arthritis Res Ther (2009) 1.45

Pooled results from 5 validation studies of dietary self-report instruments using recovery biomarkers for potassium and sodium intake. Am J Epidemiol (2015) 1.45

Plasma carotenoids and tocopherols and risk of myocardial infarction in a low-risk population of US male physicians. Circulation (2003) 1.44

Associations of autoantibodies, autoimmune risk alleles, and clinical diagnoses from the electronic medical records in rheumatoid arthritis cases and non-rheumatoid arthritis controls. Arthritis Rheum (2013) 1.43

Fructose-rich beverages and risk of gout in women. JAMA (2010) 1.42

Cardiac risk factor awareness and management in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum (2004) 1.41

Prospective study of dietary patterns and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among US women. Am J Clin Nutr (2007) 1.40

Prospective study of dietary patterns and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among US men. Thorax (2007) 1.40

Pravastatin for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in persons with mild chronic renal insufficiency. Ann Intern Med (2003) 1.39

Rapid declines in coronary heart disease mortality in Eastern Europe are associated with increased consumption of oils rich in alpha-linolenic acid. Eur J Epidemiol (2007) 1.38

Geographic variation in rheumatoid arthritis incidence among women in the United States. Arch Intern Med (2008) 1.34

Vitamin C intake and the risk of gout in men: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med (2009) 1.33

Genetic polymorphisms in PTPN22, PADI-4, and CTLA-4 and risk for rheumatoid arthritis in two longitudinal cohort studies: evidence of gene-environment interactions with heavy cigarette smoking. Arthritis Res Ther (2008) 1.31

Breast cancer in developing countries: opportunities for improved survival. J Oncol (2010) 1.31

Vitamin D and health: perspectives from mice and man. J Bone Miner Res (2008) 1.30

Inclusion of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions unlikely to dramatically improve risk prediction for complex diseases. Am J Hum Genet (2012) 1.30

Homocysteine as a risk factor for coronary heart diseases and its association with inflammatory biomarkers, lipids and dietary factors. Atherosclerosis (2004) 1.30

Gout: epidemiology and lifestyle choices. Curr Opin Rheumatol (2005) 1.28

Association between residences in U.S. northern latitudes and rheumatoid arthritis: A spatial analysis of the Nurses' Health Study. Environ Health Perspect (2010) 1.26

Coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption and serum uric acid level: the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Arthritis Rheum (2007) 1.24

Genome-wide association study identifies novel alleles associated with risk of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Mol Genet (2011) 1.23

Defining lupus cases for clinical studies: the Boston weighted criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol (2002) 1.22

Tooth loss and dietary intake. J Am Dent Assoc (2003) 1.21