Illicit opioid use in Canada: comparing social, health, and drug use characteristics of untreated users in five cities (OPICAN study).

PubWeight™: 1.73‹?› | Rank: Top 3%

🔗 View Article (PMC 3456573)

Published in J Urban Health on May 04, 2005

Authors

Benedikt Fischer1, Jürgen Rehm, Suzanne Brissette, Serge Brochu, Julie Bruneau, Nady El-Guebaly, Lina Noël, Mark Tyndall, Cameron Wild, Phil Mun, Dolly Baliunas

Author Affiliations

1: University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. benedikt.fischer@utoronto.ca

Articles citing this

Wide variation in the multiplicity of HIV-1 infection among injection drug users. J Virol (2010) 2.67

Smoking of crack cocaine as a risk factor for HIV infection among people who use injection drugs. CMAJ (2009) 2.51

Changes in illicit opioid use across Canada. CMAJ (2006) 2.20

Changing patterns in opioid addiction: characterizing users of oxycodone and other opioids. Can Fam Physician (2009) 1.77

Opioid dependence latent structure: two classes with differing severity? Addiction (2010) 1.49

Correlates of non-medical prescription drug use among a cohort of injection drug users in Baltimore City. Addict Behav (2011) 1.20

A qualitative exploration of prescription opioid injection among street-based drug users in Toronto: behaviours, preferences and drug availability. Harm Reduct J (2008) 1.19

Gender and comorbidity among individuals with opioid use disorders in the NESARC study. Addict Behav (2009) 1.15

Policy makers ignoring science and scientists ignoring policy: the medical ethical challenges of heroin treatment. Harm Reduct J (2006) 1.06

Monitoring Utilization of a Large Scale Addiction Treatment System: The Drug and Alcohol Treatment Information System (DATIS). Subst Abuse (2012) 1.04

The North American Opiate Medication Initiative (NAOMI): profile of participants in North America's first trial of heroin-assisted treatment. J Urban Health (2008) 0.99

Evaluation of a low-threshold/high-tolerance methadone maintenance treatment clinic in saint john, new brunswick, Canada: one year retention rate and illicit drug use. J Addict (2012) 0.94

Incidence and risk factors for newly acquired hepatitis C virus infection among Aboriginal versus non-Aboriginal Canadians in six regions, 1999-2004. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis (2007) 0.92

Negotiating the Relationship Between Addiction, Ethics, and Brain Science. AJOB Neurosci (2010) 0.91

Integrated care for pregnant women on methadone maintenance treatment: Canadian primary care cohort study. Can Fam Physician (2013) 0.88

Inability to access addiction treatment and risk of HIV infection among injection drug users recruited from a supervised injection facility. J Public Health (Oxf) (2009) 0.87

Increases in the availability of prescribed opioids in a Canadian setting. Drug Alcohol Depend (2012) 0.87

Genetics of Opioid Dependence: A Review of the Genetic Contribution to Opioid Dependence. Curr Psychiatry Rev (2014) 0.85

Changes in somatic disease incidents during opioid maintenance treatment: results from a Norwegian cohort study. BMJ Open (2011) 0.85

Acute and chronic respiratory symptoms among primary care patients who smoke crack cocaine. J Urban Health (2013) 0.83

Controlling chaos: the perceptions of long-term crack cocaine users in vancouver, british columbia, Canada. J Addict (2013) 0.82

Somatic health among heroin addicts before and during opioid maintenance treatment: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Public Health (2008) 0.82

Spatial patterns of arrests, police assault and addiction treatment center locations in Tijuana, Mexico. Addiction (2016) 0.78

Days of heroin use predict poor self-reported health in hospitalized heroin users. Addict Behav (2013) 0.77

Remission of Severe Opioid Use Disorder with Ibogaine: A Case Report. J Psychoactive Drugs (2016) 0.75

Impact of a methadone maintenance program on an Aboriginal community: a qualitative study. CMAJ Open (2016) 0.75

Key challenges in providing services to people who use drugs: The perspectives of people working in emergency departments and shelters in Atlantic Canada. Drugs (Abingdon Engl) (2014) 0.75

Association between cannabis use and treatment outcomes in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev (2016) 0.75

Adverse outcomes associated with opioid prescription for acute low back pain: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev (2017) 0.75

Articles cited by this

The world health report 2002 - reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Educ Health (Abingdon) (2003) 34.28

Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. Lancet (2002) 24.47

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. N Engl J Med (1999) 16.35

Needle exchange is not enough: lessons from the Vancouver injecting drug use study. AIDS (1997) 9.08

The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: a reconsideration and recent applications. Harv Rev Psychiatry (1998) 8.38

High rates of HIV infection among injection drug users participating in needle exchange programs in Montreal: results of a cohort study. Am J Epidemiol (1997) 6.49

Role of maintenance treatment in opioid dependence. Lancet (1999) 6.02

Canadian illicit opiate users' views on methadone and other opiate prescription treatment: an exploratory qualitative study. Subst Use Misuse (2002) 5.65

Effective medical treatment of opiate addiction. National Consensus Development Panel on Effective Medical Treatment of Opiate Addiction. JAMA (1998) 5.20

Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV and risk factors in Irish prisoners: results of a national cross sectional survey. BMJ (2000) 4.31

Appropriateness of methadone maintenance treatment for opiate addiction: evaluation by an expert panel. Soz Praventivmed (2003) 3.99

Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of injectable heroin prescription for refractory opioid addicts: a follow-up study. Lancet (2001) 3.97

Fatal heroin 'overdose': a review. Addiction (1996) 3.70

Psychiatric and substance use comorbidity among treatment-seeking opioid abusers. Arch Gen Psychiatry (1997) 3.67

Death and survival in a cohort of heroin addicts from London clinics: a 22-year follow-up study. Addiction (1994) 3.47

Predictors and prevention of nonfatal overdose among street-recruited injection heroin users in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1998-1999. Am J Public Health (2001) 3.43

Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT): a review of historical and clinical issues. Mt Sinai J Med (2000) 3.02

The heroin prescribing debate: integrating science and politics. Science (1999) 2.61

Incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users during an outbreak of HIV infection. CMAJ (2001) 2.47

Predicting response to alcohol and drug abuse treatments. Role of psychiatric severity. Arch Gen Psychiatry (1983) 2.25

Heroin overdose: causes and consequences. Addiction (2001) 2.23

Social costs of untreated opioid dependence. J Urban Health (2000) 2.18

Potential risk factors for the transition to injecting among non-injecting heroin users: a comparison of former injectors and never injectors. Addiction (2001) 2.17

Is it justifiable to withhold treatment for hepatitis C from illicit-drug users? N Engl J Med (2001) 2.12

Heroin-assisted treatment as a response to the public health problem of opiate dependence. Eur J Public Health (2002) 1.89

The case for a heroin substitution treatment trial in Canada. Can J Public Health (1998) 1.86

Risk factors for the transition from noninjection to injection drug use and accompanying AIDS risk behavior in a cohort of drug users. Am J Epidemiol (1994) 1.77

The social determinants of emergency department and hospital use by injection drug users in Canada. J Urban Health (1999) 1.67

A long-term program of research on drug use and crime. Subst Use Misuse (1998) 1.55

Injection drug use and preventive measures: a comparison of Canadian and western European jurisdictions over time. CMAJ (2000) 1.52

Transitions in patterns of heroin administration: a study of heroin chasers and heroin injectors. Addiction (1994) 1.44

HIV and hepatitis C among injecting drug users. BMJ (1998) 1.41

Client retention in the British Columbia Methadone Program, 1996-1999. Can J Public Health (2004) 1.38

Drug-related deaths among recently released prisoners in the Strathclyde Region of Scotland. J Forensic Sci (2000) 1.35

Assessment and treatment of comorbid psychiatric disorders in opioid-dependent patients. Clin J Pain (2002) 1.33

Performance of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form for major depression in community and clinical samples. Chronic Dis Can (1997) 1.25

Syringe exchange in Canada: good but not enough to stem the HIV tide. Subst Use Misuse (1998) 1.23

Polydrug dependence and psychiatric comorbidity among heroin injectors. Drug Alcohol Depend (1997) 1.22

Prescriptions, power and politics: the turbulent history of methadone maintenance in Canada. J Public Health Policy (2000) 1.21

Methadone maintenance treatment: an update. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci (1995) 1.18

Current status of hepatitis C in Canada. Can J Public Health (2000) 1.14

Approaches to treatment decisions for psychiatric comorbidity in the management of the chronic pain patient. Med Clin North Am (1999) 1.12

Medication misuse, abuse and dependence in chronic pain patients. J Psychosom Res (1997) 1.12

Changing patient characteristics with increased methadone maintenance availability. Drug Alcohol Depend (2002) 1.06

Decline in intravenous drug use among treatment-seeking opiate users. J Subst Abuse Treat (1993) 1.03

Continuing HIV transmission among injection drug users in Eastern Central Canada: the SurvUDI Study, 1995 to 2000. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (2002) 1.02

Antecedents and consequences of cocaine abuse among opioid addicts. A 2.5-year follow-up. J Nerv Ment Dis (1988) 1.00

Accuracy of oral specimen testing for human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Med (1997) 0.97

First use of heroin: changes in route of administration over time. BMJ (1992) 0.94

Evaluation of hepatitis C antibody testing in saliva specimens collected by two different systems in comparison with HCV antibody and HCV RNA in serum. J Med Virol (2001) 0.93

HIV and hepatitis virus infections among injecting drug users in a medically controlled heroin prescription programme. Eur J Public Health (2001) 0.92

Response to methadone maintenance and counseling in antisocial patients with and without major depression. J Nerv Ment Dis (1996) 0.90

Crime and drug use among applicants for methadone maintenance. Drug Alcohol Depend (1993) 0.88

Evaluation of an HIV saliva test for the detection of HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies in high-risk populations in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Int J STD AIDS (1998) 0.85

[Accessibility to methadone substitution treatment: the role of a low-threshold program]. Can J Public Health (2003) 0.82

Psychiatric comorbidity in opiate addicts. Eur Addict Res (1999) 0.81

Methadone treatment in Ontario after the 1996 regulation reforms. Results of a physician survey. Ann Med Interne (Paris) (2002) 0.79

Assessment of a hepatitis C virus antibody assay in saliva for epidemiological studies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis (1998) 0.79

Trends in treated opiate misuse in Dublin: the emergence of chasing the dragon. Addiction (2000) 0.79

Methadone maintenance: predictors of outcome in a Canadian milieu. J Subst Abuse Treat (1993) 0.78

Consideration of a North American heroin-assisted clinical trial for the treatment of opiate-dependent individuals. Int J Drug Policy (2000) 0.77

Articles by these authors

Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet (2013) 16.76

The preventable causes of death in the United States: comparative risk assessment of dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors. PLoS Med (2009) 12.13

Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: a systematic review. Lancet (2008) 11.44

Alcohol and public health. Lancet (2005) 10.82

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet (2015) 7.99

High rates of forward transmission events after acute/early HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis (2007) 7.70

The case for expanding access to highly active antiretroviral therapy to curb the growth of the HIV epidemic. Lancet (2006) 7.17

Diacetylmorphine versus methadone for the treatment of opioid addiction. N Engl J Med (2009) 5.60

The relation between different dimensions of alcohol consumption and burden of disease: an overview. Addiction (2010) 5.14

Risky single-occasion drinking: bingeing is not bingeing. Addiction (2010) 4.63

Safer injection facility use and syringe sharing in injection drug users. Lancet (2005) 3.85

Programmed death-1-induced interleukin-10 production by monocytes impairs CD4+ T cell activation during HIV infection. Nat Med (2010) 3.81

The cardioprotective association of average alcohol consumption and ischaemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction (2012) 3.74

Selected pregnancy and delivery outcomes after exposure to antidepressant medication: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry (2013) 3.71

Opiate substitution treatment and HIV transmission in people who inject drugs: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ (2012) 3.46

Rare birds in North America: acute hepatitis C cohorts. Gastroenterology (2008) 3.45

Developing the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Bull World Health Organ (2010) 3.31

The association of pattern of lifetime alcohol use and cause of death in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) study. Int J Epidemiol (2013) 3.23

The effects of female sex, viral genotype, and IL28B genotype on spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology (2013) 3.14

Alcohol as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care (2009) 3.03

Discordant immunologic and virologic responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy are associated with increased mortality and poor adherence to therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (2005) 2.74

Understanding polydrug use: review of heroin and cocaine co-use. Addiction (2003) 2.68

Predictors of non-fatal overdose among a cohort of polysubstance-using injection drug users. Drug Alcohol Depend (2006) 2.53

Irregular heavy drinking occasions and risk of ischemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol (2010) 2.49

Are the 1976-1985 birth cohorts heavier drinkers? Age-period-cohort analyses of the National Alcohol Surveys 1979-2010. Addiction (2012) 2.42

Alcohol consumption and the risk of morbidity and mortality for different stroke types--a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health (2010) 2.42

Reducing the global burden of hazardous alcohol use: a comparative cost-effectiveness analysis. J Stud Alcohol (2004) 2.38

Alcohol as a risk factor for liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Rev (2010) 2.37

Alcohol as a correlate of unprotected sexual behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS: review and meta-analysis. AIDS Behav (2009) 2.33

Alcohol consumption and risk of incident human immunodeficiency virus infection: a meta-analysis. Int J Public Health (2009) 2.23

Causal considerations on alcohol and HIV/AIDS--a systematic review. Alcohol Alcohol (2010) 2.22

Descriptive epidemiology of major depression in Canada. Can J Psychiatry (2006) 2.20

Changes in illicit opioid use across Canada. CMAJ (2006) 2.20

Illicit opioid use and its key characteristics: a select overview and evidence from a Canadian multisite cohort of illicit opioid users (OPICAN). Can J Psychiatry (2006) 2.16

A call for evidence-based medical treatment of opioid dependence in the United States and Canada. Health Aff (Millwood) (2013) 2.09

Carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde in alcoholic beverages: risk assessment outside ethanol metabolism. Addiction (2009) 2.06

Age, period and cohort influences on beer, wine and spirits consumption trends in the US National Alcohol Surveys. Addiction (2004) 2.01

The burden of cancer attributable to alcohol drinking. Int J Cancer (2006) 2.01

Disease progression in patients with virological suppression in response to HAART is associated with the degree of immunological response. AIDS (2006) 1.98

Age-period-cohort modelling of alcohol volume and heavy drinking days in the US National Alcohol Surveys: divergence in younger and older adult trends. Addiction (2009) 1.98

Alcohol attributable burden of incidence of cancer in eight European countries based on results from prospective cohort study. BMJ (2011) 1.94

Alcohol consumption and non-communicable diseases: epidemiology and policy implications. Addiction (2011) 1.93

Early interferon therapy for hepatitis C virus infection rescues polyfunctional, long-lived CD8+ memory T cells. J Virol (2008) 1.90

Multicentre study of acute alcohol use and non-fatal injuries: data from the WHO collaborative study on alcohol and injuries. Bull World Health Organ (2006) 1.90

Heroin-assisted treatment as a response to the public health problem of opiate dependence. Eur J Public Health (2002) 1.89

Comparing alcohol consumption in central and eastern Europe to other European countries. Alcohol Alcohol (2007) 1.89

How stable is the risk curve between alcohol and all-cause mortality and what factors influence the shape? A precision-weighted hierarchical meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol (2003) 1.85

Police and public health partnerships: evidence from the evaluation of Vancouver's supervised injection facility. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy (2008) 1.83

Lower Risk Cannabis use Guidelines for Canada (LRCUG): a narrative review of evidence and recommendations. Can J Public Health (2011) 1.81

Effects of depression and social integration on the relationship between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality. Addiction (2002) 1.78

Plasma interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) levels during acute hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology (2013) 1.77

Harmful alcohol use. Alcohol Res Health (2003) 1.74

A Mendelian predisposition to B-cell lymphoma caused by IL-10R deficiency. Blood (2013) 1.74

Alcohol consumption, unprovoked seizures, and epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsia (2010) 1.73

Use of other opioids during methadone therapy: a population-based study. Addiction (2012) 1.72

Cannabis use and cannabis use disorders and their relationship to mental disorders: a 10-year prospective-longitudinal community study in adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend (2007) 1.71

Differences and over-time changes in levels of prescription opioid analgesic dispensing from retail pharmacies in Canada, 2005-2010. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf (2011) 1.69

Antidepressant exposure during pregnancy and congenital malformations: is there an association? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the best evidence. J Clin Psychiatry (2013) 1.65

Meth/amphetamine use and associated HIV: Implications for global policy and public health. Int J Drug Policy (2010) 1.64

Impact of a medically supervised safer injection facility on community drug use patterns: a before and after study. BMJ (2006) 1.64

Increased proportion of KIR3DS1 homozygotes in HIV-exposed uninfected individuals. AIDS (2008) 1.63

Sexual violence among a cohort of injection drug users. Soc Sci Med (2003) 1.61

The burden of death, disease, and disability due to alcohol in New Zealand. N Z Med J (2005) 1.61

Alcohol and hypertension: gender differences in dose-response relationships determined through systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction (2009) 1.60

Scientific and political challenges in North America's first randomized controlled trial of heroin-assisted treatment for severe heroin addiction: rationale and design of the NAOMI study. Clin Trials (2009) 1.58

Impaired virologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy associated with ongoing injection drug use. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (2003) 1.58

What can the Swiss and Dutch trials tell us about the potential risks associated with heroin prescribing? Drug Alcohol Rev (2003) 1.57

Alcohol as a risk factor for pancreatitis. A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOP (2009) 1.57

Incarceration experiences in a cohort of active injection drug users. Drug Alcohol Rev (2008) 1.57

Hepatitis C virus transmission among oral crack users: viral detection on crack paraphernalia. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol (2008) 1.56

Multi-level analysis of alcohol-related injury among emergency department patients: a cross-national study. Addiction (2005) 1.53

Age-period-cohort influences on trends in past year marijuana use in the US from the 1984, 1990, 1995 and 2000 National Alcohol Surveys. Drug Alcohol Depend (2006) 1.52

Using latent class analysis (LCA) to analyze patterns of drug use in a population of illegal opioid users. Drug Alcohol Depend (2006) 1.51

International regulation of alcohol. BMJ (2008) 1.48

Alcohol use disorders and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction (2013) 1.48

Comparison of HIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses among uninfected individuals exposed to HIV parenterally and mucosally. AIDS (2005) 1.47

Inhibitory Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptors to self HLA-B and HLA-C ligands contribute differentially to Natural Killer cell functional potential in HIV infected slow progressors. Clin Immunol (2012) 1.47

A combined genotype of KIR3DL1 high expressing alleles and HLA-B*57 is associated with a reduced risk of HIV infection. AIDS (2008) 1.47

Alcohol-attributable cancer deaths and years of potential life lost in the United States. Am J Public Health (2013) 1.46

Crack across Canada: Comparing crack users and crack non-users in a Canadian multi-city cohort of illicit opioid users. Addiction (2006) 1.45

Determinants of overdose incidents among illicit opioid users in 5 Canadian cities. CMAJ (2004) 1.44

Average volume of alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality in African Americans: the NHEFS cohort. Alcohol Clin Exp Res (2003) 1.42