Published in Immunol Invest on January 01, 2006
The tumor microenvironment and its role in promoting tumor growth. Oncogene (2008) 4.66
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells promote cross-tolerance in B-cell lymphoma by expanding regulatory T cells. Cancer Res (2008) 3.57
T regulatory type 1 cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: mechanisms of suppression and expansion in advanced disease. Clin Cancer Res (2008) 1.63
Dendritic cells in the cancer microenvironment. J Cancer (2012) 1.40
Autophagy and cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol (2012) 1.30
Myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment: modulation of tumor angiogenesis and tumor inflammation. J Oncol (2010) 1.28
The tumor microenvironment in colorectal carcinogenesis. Cancer Microenviron (2010) 1.23
The impact of the immune system on tumor: angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. Front Oncol (2014) 1.22
Long-term survival in multiple myeloma is associated with a distinct immunological profile, which includes proliferative cytotoxic T-cell clones and a favourable Treg/Th17 balance. Blood Cancer J (2013) 1.17
Tumor associated regulatory dendritic cells. Semin Cancer Biol (2012) 1.08
Immunity and immune suppression in human ovarian cancer. Immunotherapy (2011) 1.07
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and dendritic cell tolerogenicity. Immunol Invest (2012) 1.05
Clinical opportunities in combining immunotherapy with radiation therapy. Front Oncol (2012) 1.04
Lung cancer: Biology and treatment options. Biochim Biophys Acta (2015) 1.02
Therapeutic and tumor-specific immunity induced by combination of dendritic cells and oncolytic adenovirus expressing IL-12 and 4-1BBL. Mol Ther (2009) 1.01
The dendritic cell-regulatory T lymphocyte crosstalk contributes to tumor-induced tolerance. Clin Dev Immunol (2011) 0.99
Immune response in ovarian cancer: how is the immune system involved in prognosis and therapy: potential for treatment utilization. Clin Dev Immunol (2011) 0.97
Orchestration of angiogenesis by immune cells. Front Oncol (2014) 0.97
The immune system in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Crit Rev Immunol (2013) 0.86
Langerhans cells from human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma induce strong type 1 immunity. J Invest Dermatol (2012) 0.85
Retracted Targeted immune therapy of ovarian cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev (2015) 0.84
Dendritic cells and malignant plasma cells: an alliance in multiple myeloma tumor progression? Oncologist (2011) 0.82
Dendritic cell defects in the colorectal cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother (2014) 0.82
Myeloid-derived cells are key targets of tumor immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology (2014) 0.82
Advancements in immune tolerance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev (2007) 0.82
Growth differentiation factor-15 suppresses maturation and function of dendritic cells and inhibits tumor-specific immune response. PLoS One (2013) 0.81
Twist and miR-34a are involved in the generation of tumor-educated myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Int J Mol Sci (2013) 0.79
Dendritic and mast cell involvement in the inflammatory response to primary malignant bone tumours. Clin Sarcoma Res (2016) 0.77
T Lymphocyte Inhibition by Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells Involves Ectonucleotidase CD39 but Not Arginase-1. Biomed Res Int (2015) 0.77
Effect of siRNA-mediated downregulation of VEGF in Tca8113 cells on the activity of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Oncol Lett (2012) 0.77
TLR-activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells inhibit breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget (2016) 0.75
Mechanism of immune evasion in breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther (2017) 0.75
In vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of selected platinum(IV) and dinuclear platinum(II) complexes against lung cancer cells. J Biol Inorg Chem (2017) 0.75
Viscum album neutralizes tumor-induced immunosuppression in a human in vitro cell model. PLoS One (2017) 0.75
Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature (1998) 56.54
Inflammation and cancer. Nature (2002) 53.78
Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature (2000) 28.28
New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression. Nat Rev Cancer (2002) 24.71
Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis. Cell (1996) 23.99
Putting tumours in context. Nat Rev Cancer (2001) 12.37
The nature of the principal type 1 interferon-producing cells in human blood. Science (1999) 10.90
TGF-beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia. Science (2004) 10.23
IDO expression by dendritic cells: tolerance and tryptophan catabolism. Nat Rev Immunol (2004) 10.08
Colony-stimulating factor 1 promotes progression of mammary tumors to malignancy. J Exp Med (2001) 9.99
Chemokines and leukocyte traffic. Nature (1998) 9.79
Dendritic cells induce peripheral T cell unresponsiveness under steady state conditions in vivo. J Exp Med (2001) 9.70
Memory CD8+ T cell differentiation: initial antigen encounter triggers a developmental program in naïve cells. Nat Immunol (2001) 9.23
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in immunity. Nat Immunol (2004) 9.11
Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens. J Exp Med (2001) 8.60
Plasmacytoid monocytes migrate to inflamed lymph nodes and produce large amounts of type I interferon. Nat Med (1999) 8.01
MMP-9 supplied by bone marrow-derived cells contributes to skin carcinogenesis. Cell (2000) 8.00
Senescent fibroblasts promote epithelial cell growth and tumorigenesis: a link between cancer and aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2001) 7.93
NADPH oxidase: an update. Blood (1999) 7.65
Blockade of B7-H1 improves myeloid dendritic cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Nat Med (2003) 7.35
Reciprocal control of T helper cell and dendritic cell differentiation. Science (1999) 7.28
Basement membranes: structure, assembly and role in tumour angiogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer (2003) 6.65
Induction of interleukin 10-producing, nonproliferating CD4(+) T cells with regulatory properties by repetitive stimulation with allogeneic immature human dendritic cells. J Exp Med (2000) 6.45
The role of STATs in transcriptional control and their impact on cellular function. Oncogene (2000) 6.42
Production of vascular endothelial growth factor by human tumors inhibits the functional maturation of dendritic cells. Nat Med (1996) 6.11
BDCA-2, BDCA-3, and BDCA-4: three markers for distinct subsets of dendritic cells in human peripheral blood. J Immunol (2000) 6.04
Matrix metalloproteinases: a tail of a frog that became a prince. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2002) 5.73
Modulation of tryptophan catabolism by regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol (2003) 5.47
The enigmatic plasmacytoid T cells develop into dendritic cells with interleukin (IL)-3 and CD40-ligand. J Exp Med (1997) 5.23
Differentiation of phagocytic monocytes into lymph node dendritic cells in vivo. Immunity (1999) 5.23
Stromal effects on mammary gland development and breast cancer. Science (2002) 5.22
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells activated by influenza virus and CD40L drive a potent TH1 polarization. Nat Immunol (2000) 5.01
Matrix metalloproteinases: they're not just for matrix anymore! Curr Opin Cell Biol (2001) 4.99
Role of tissue stroma in cancer cell invasion. J Pathol (2003) 4.88
Nitric oxide, oxidants, and protein tyrosine nitration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2004) 4.81
Antigen-specific inhibition of effector T cell function in humans after injection of immature dendritic cells. J Exp Med (2001) 4.78
Induction of tolerance by IL-10-treated dendritic cells. J Immunol (1997) 4.65
T-cell priming by type-1 and type-2 polarized dendritic cells: the concept of a third signal. Immunol Today (1999) 4.49
Natural interferon alpha/beta-producing cells link innate and adaptive immunity. J Exp Med (2000) 4.33
Expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes. J Clin Invest (2004) 4.27
Potential regulatory function of human dendritic cells expressing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Science (2002) 4.02
High-dose granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-producing vaccines impair the immune response through the recruitment of myeloid suppressor cells. Cancer Res (2004) 3.94
The development of murine plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors is differentially regulated by FLT3-ligand and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Exp Med (2002) 3.91
Specific and reversible inactivation of protein tyrosine phosphatases by hydrogen peroxide: evidence for a sulfenic acid intermediate and implications for redox regulation. Biochemistry (1998) 3.90
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor mobilizes T helper 2-inducing dendritic cells. Blood (2000) 3.85
Stromal-derived factor-1 in human tumors recruits and alters the function of plasmacytoid precursor dendritic cells. Nat Med (2001) 3.81
Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in relation to mammalian cell proliferation. Free Radic Biol Med (1995) 3.75
NADPH oxidase. Curr Opin Immunol (2004) 3.58
Tumor-infiltrating dendritic cell precursors recruited by a beta-defensin contribute to vasculogenesis under the influence of Vegf-A. Nat Med (2004) 3.55
Heterotypic signaling between epithelial tumor cells and fibroblasts in carcinoma formation. Exp Cell Res (2001) 3.48
Clinical significance of defective dendritic cell differentiation in cancer. Clin Cancer Res (2000) 3.47
SOCS-1 participates in negative regulation of LPS responses. Immunity (2002) 3.39
Toll-like receptor expression in murine DC subsets: lack of TLR7 expression by CD8 alpha+ DC correlates with unresponsiveness to imidazoquinolines. Eur J Immunol (2003) 3.39
SOCS1/JAB is a negative regulator of LPS-induced macrophage activation. Immunity (2002) 3.25
Splenic stroma drives mature dendritic cells to differentiate into regulatory dendritic cells. Nat Immunol (2004) 3.25
Granulocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells arise from a common major histocompatibility complex class II-negative progenitor in mouse bone marrow. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1993) 3.25
Hyperactivation of STAT3 is involved in abnormal differentiation of dendritic cells in cancer. J Immunol (2004) 3.24
Tumor-associated CD8+ T cell tolerance induced by bone marrow-derived immature myeloid cells. J Immunol (2005) 3.20
Know thy neighbor: stromal cells can contribute oncogenic signals. Curr Opin Genet Dev (2001) 3.12
Rapid generation of broad T-cell immunity in humans after a single injection of mature dendritic cells. J Clin Invest (1999) 3.00
Unopposed production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by tumors inhibits CD8+ T cell responses by dysregulating antigen-presenting cell maturation. J Immunol (1999) 2.94
Mouse plasmacytoid cells: long-lived cells, heterogeneous in surface phenotype and function, that differentiate into CD8(+) dendritic cells only after microbial stimulus. J Exp Med (2002) 2.94
Inhibition of the differentiation of dendritic cells from CD34(+) progenitors by tumor cells: role of interleukin-6 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Blood (1998) 2.93
The Jak-STAT pathway. Mol Immunol (2000) 2.63
Cutting edge: induced indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase expression in dendritic cell subsets suppresses T cell clonal expansion. J Immunol (2003) 2.54
In breast carcinoma tissue, immature dendritic cells reside within the tumor, whereas mature dendritic cells are located in peritumoral areas. J Exp Med (1999) 2.54
Antibodies to vascular endothelial growth factor enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy by improving endogenous dendritic cell function. Clin Cancer Res (1999) 2.49
IL-8 produced by human malignant melanoma cells in vitro is an essential autocrine growth factor. J Immunol (1993) 2.44
A critical role for Stat3 signaling in immune tolerance. Immunity (2003) 2.41
Signaling of transforming growth factor-beta family members through Smad proteins. Eur J Biochem (2000) 2.39
CXCL12 and vascular endothelial growth factor synergistically induce neoangiogenesis in human ovarian cancers. Cancer Res (2005) 2.38
Differentiation of T regulatory cells by immature dendritic cells. J Exp Med (2001) 2.35
Development of Th1-inducing capacity in myeloid dendritic cells requires environmental instruction. J Immunol (2000) 2.30
The respiratory burst oxidase. J Biol Chem (1994) 2.29
Adipocyte-secreted factors synergistically promote mammary tumorigenesis through induction of anti-apoptotic transcriptional programs and proto-oncogene stabilization. Oncogene (2003) 2.27
Id2 and Id3 inhibit development of CD34(+) stem cells into predendritic cell (pre-DC)2 but not into pre-DC1. Evidence for a lymphoid origin of pre-DC2. J Exp Med (2000) 2.25
Differential involvement of IFN-beta in Toll-like receptor-stimulated dendritic cell activation. Int Immunol (2002) 2.23
Inhibition of Langerhans cell antigen-presenting function by IL-10. A role for IL-10 in induction of tolerance. J Immunol (1993) 2.20
Autocrine production of IL-10 mediates defective IL-12 production and NF-kappa B activation in tumor-associated macrophages. J Immunol (2000) 2.17
Proteases in invasion: matrix metalloproteinases. Semin Cancer Biol (2001) 2.14
Specific subsets of murine dendritic cells acquire potent T cell regulatory functions following CTLA4-mediated induction of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase. Int Immunol (2004) 2.13
IL-6 regulates in vivo dendritic cell differentiation through STAT3 activation. J Immunol (2004) 2.12
Dendritic cell ontogeny: a human dendritic cell lineage of myeloid origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1997) 2.11
Tumor-induced immune dysfunction: the macrophage connection. J Leukoc Biol (1998) 2.11
TGF-beta 1 prevents the noncognate maturation of human dendritic Langerhans cells. J Immunol (1999) 2.05
IDO and tolerance to tumors. Trends Mol Med (2004) 2.03
Janus kinases: components of multiple signaling pathways. Oncogene (2000) 2.02
The instructive role of dendritic cells on T cell responses: lineages, plasticity and kinetics. Curr Opin Immunol (2001) 1.97
Flt3-ligand and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilize distinct human dendritic cell subsets in vivo. J Immunol (2000) 1.93
Dendritic cells are functionally defective in multiple myeloma: the role of interleukin-6. Blood (2002) 1.92
CD4(+) and CD8(+) anergic T cells induced by interleukin-10-treated human dendritic cells display antigen-specific suppressor activity. Blood (2002) 1.90
NO-dependent protein nitration: a cell signaling event or an oxidative inflammatory response? Trends Biochem Sci (2003) 1.90
Involvement of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 as a mediator of the inhibitory effects of IL-10 on lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage activation. J Immunol (2002) 1.89
Heme oxygenase-1 expression inhibits dendritic cell maturation and proinflammatory function but conserves IL-10 expression. Blood (2005) 1.86
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins indirectly regulate toll-like receptor signaling in innate immune cells. J Biol Chem (2004) 1.86
Manipulating dendritic cell biology for the active immunotherapy of cancer. Blood (2004) 1.84
Generation of tumor immunity by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells correlates with dendritic cell maturation stage. J Immunol (1999) 1.81
Current molecular models for NADPH oxidase regulation by Rac GTPase. Blood (2002) 1.80
Subsets of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-bearing mice. J Immunol (2008) 9.25
Antigen-specific inhibition of CD8+ T cell response by immature myeloid cells in cancer is mediated by reactive oxygen species. J Immunol (2004) 5.73
Altered recognition of antigen is a mechanism of CD8+ T cell tolerance in cancer. Nat Med (2007) 5.65
MyD88-dependent expansion of an immature GR-1(+)CD11b(+) population induces T cell suppression and Th2 polarization in sepsis. J Exp Med (2007) 5.48
Inhibition of dendritic cell differentiation and accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer is regulated by S100A9 protein. J Exp Med (2008) 5.23
The terminology issue for myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Res (2007) 4.37
All-trans-retinoic acid improves differentiation of myeloid cells and immune response in cancer patients. Cancer Res (2006) 4.06
HIF-1α regulates function and differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment. J Exp Med (2010) 4.00
Chemotherapy enhances tumor cell susceptibility to CTL-mediated killing during cancer immunotherapy in mice. J Clin Invest (2010) 3.97
Molecular mechanisms regulating myeloid-derived suppressor cell differentiation and function. Trends Immunol (2010) 3.86
STAT1 signaling regulates tumor-associated macrophage-mediated T cell deletion. J Immunol (2005) 3.32
Mechanism regulating reactive oxygen species in tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Immunol (2009) 3.23
Tumor-associated CD8+ T cell tolerance induced by bone marrow-derived immature myeloid cells. J Immunol (2005) 3.20
History of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Nat Rev Cancer (2013) 3.14
The biology of myeloid-derived suppressor cells: the blessing and the curse of morphological and functional heterogeneity. Eur J Immunol (2010) 2.94
Inhibition of myeloid cell differentiation in cancer: the role of reactive oxygen species. J Leukoc Biol (2003) 2.94
Role of immature myeloid cells in mechanisms of immune evasion in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother (2005) 2.87
Combination of p53 cancer vaccine with chemotherapy in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res (2006) 2.68
Immunologic monitoring of cancer vaccine therapy: results of a workshop sponsored by the Society for Biological Therapy. J Immunother (2002) 2.65
Immature myeloid cells and cancer-associated immune suppression. Cancer Immunol Immunother (2002) 2.60
Tumor escape mechanism governed by myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Res (2008) 2.56
Involvement of Notch-1 signaling in bone marrow stroma-mediated de novo drug resistance of myeloma and other malignant lymphoid cell lines. Blood (2003) 2.41
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in human cancer. Cancer J (2010) 2.36
Vascular endothelial growth factor-trap overcomes defects in dendritic cell differentiation but does not improve antigen-specific immune responses. Clin Cancer Res (2007) 2.28
Lipid accumulation and dendritic cell dysfunction in cancer. Nat Med (2010) 2.21
Mechanism of T cell tolerance induced by myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Immunol (2010) 2.20
Anti-inflammatory triterpenoid blocks immune suppressive function of MDSCs and improves immune response in cancer. Clin Cancer Res (2010) 2.19
Characterization of the nature of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-bearing mice. J Leukoc Biol (2011) 2.06
Mechanism of all-trans retinoic acid effect on tumor-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Res (2007) 2.06
Full-length dominant-negative survivin for cancer immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res (2003) 2.00
VEGF inhibits T-cell development and may contribute to tumor-induced immune suppression. Blood (2003) 1.99
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment: expect the unexpected. J Clin Invest (2015) 1.92
Epigenetic silencing of retinoblastoma gene regulates pathologic differentiation of myeloid cells in cancer. Nat Immunol (2013) 1.81
Rational design of shepherdin, a novel anticancer agent. Cancer Cell (2005) 1.74
Inhibition of Notch signaling induces apoptosis of myeloma cells and enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy. Blood (2007) 1.65
Activation of dendritic cells via inhibition of Jak2/STAT3 signaling. J Immunol (2005) 1.61
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Adv Exp Med Biol (2007) 1.55
Notch and wingless signaling cooperate in regulation of dendritic cell differentiation. Immunity (2009) 1.37
Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic reversal of immune suppression in cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets (2007) 1.37
Reciprocal relationship between myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T cells. J Immunol (2013) 1.34
Effect of tumor-derived cytokines and growth factors on differentiation and immune suppressive features of myeloid cells in cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev (2006) 1.32
Regulation of tumor metastasis by myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Annu Rev Med (2014) 1.29
Regulation of dendritic-cell differentiation by bone marrow stroma via different Notch ligands. Blood (2006) 1.25
Combination of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with intratumoral injection of dendritic cells as neo-adjuvant treatment of high-risk soft tissue sarcoma patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys (2011) 1.17
ER stress regulates myeloid-derived suppressor cell fate through TRAIL-R-mediated apoptosis. J Clin Invest (2014) 1.16
Induction of myelodysplasia by myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Clin Invest (2013) 1.15
Dendritic cell-based full-length survivin vaccine in treatment of experimental tumors. J Immunother (2007) 1.13
INGN-225: a dendritic cell-based p53 vaccine (Ad.p53-DC) in small cell lung cancer: observed association between immune response and enhanced chemotherapy effect. Expert Opin Biol Ther (2010) 1.12
Hypoxia-inducible factors in regulation of immune responses in tumour microenvironment. Immunology (2014) 1.10
Antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells regulate function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer via retrograde MHC class II signaling. Cancer Res (2012) 1.10
Mechanism and therapeutic reversal of immune suppression in cancer. Cancer Res (2007) 1.08
Regulatory myeloid suppressor cells in health and disease. Cancer Res (2009) 1.07
Novel mechanism of synergistic effects of conventional chemotherapy and immune therapy of cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother (2013) 1.07
Combined modality immunotherapy and chemotherapy: a new perspective. Cancer Immunol Immunother (2008) 1.04
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the development of lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Res (2013) 1.02
Molecular pathways: tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and reactive oxygen species in regulation of tumor microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res (2012) 1.01
Targeting of Jak/STAT pathway in antigen presenting cells in cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets (2007) 1.00
Regulation of suppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by CD4+ T cells. Semin Cancer Biol (2012) 0.95
Tumor-induced STAT3 signaling in myeloid cells impairs dendritic cell generation by decreasing PKCβII abundance. Sci Signal (2014) 0.95
Combined inhibition of Notch signaling and Bcl-2/Bcl-xL results in synergistic antimyeloma effect. Mol Cancer Ther (2010) 0.93
Mechanism of synergistic effect of chemotherapy and immunotherapy of cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother (2010) 0.91
Autophagy induced by conventional chemotherapy mediates tumor cell sensitivity to immunotherapy. Cancer Res (2012) 0.90
Oxidized lipids block antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells in cancer. J Immunol (2014) 0.89
Developing dendritic cells become 'lacy' cells packed with fat and glycogen. Immunology (2005) 0.88
Regulation of dendritic cell differentiation in bone marrow during emergency myelopoiesis. J Immunol (2013) 0.85
Radiation-induced autophagy potentiates immunotherapy of cancer via up-regulation of mannose 6-phosphate receptor on tumor cells in mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother (2014) 0.83
The role of mannose-6-phosphate receptor and autophagy in influencing the outcome of combination therapy. Autophagy (2013) 0.78
Mass-spectrometric characterization of peroxidized and hydrolyzed lipids in plasma and dendritic cells of tumor-bearing animals. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2011) 0.78
Therapeutic effect of intratumoral administration of DCs with conditional expression of combination of different cytokines. Cancer Immunol Immunother (2012) 0.78
New roles of Rb1 in expansion of MDSCs in cancer. Cell Cycle (2013) 0.77