Epidemic influenza and vitamin D.

Influenza virus transmission is dependent on relative humidity and temperature. PLoS Pathog (2007) 8.61

25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med (2008) 8.03

Demographic differences and trends of vitamin D insufficiency in the US population, 1988-2004. Arch Intern Med (2009) 6.84

Absolute humidity and the seasonal onset of influenza in the continental United States. PLoS Biol (2010) 5.43

Epidemiologic characterization of the 1918 influenza pandemic summer wave in Copenhagen: implications for pandemic control strategies. J Infect Dis (2008) 5.18

Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and upper respiratory tract infection in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med (2009) 4.93

Unexpected actions of vitamin D: new perspectives on the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab (2008) 4.61

Global patterns in seasonal activity of influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1, and B from 1997 to 2005: viral coexistence and latitudinal gradients. PLoS One (2007) 3.12

Seasonal influenza in the United States, France, and Australia: transmission and prospects for control. Epidemiol Infect (2007) 3.09

Global influenza seasonality: reconciling patterns across temperate and tropical regions. Environ Health Perspect (2010) 3.09

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels among US children aged 1 to 11 years: do children need more vitamin D? Pediatrics (2009) 2.99

Vitamin D and autoimmunity: new aetiological and therapeutic considerations. Ann Rheum Dis (2007) 2.76

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and the incidence of acute viral respiratory tract infections in healthy adults. PLoS One (2010) 2.52

Environmental predictors of seasonal influenza epidemics across temperate and tropical climates. PLoS Pathog (2013) 2.30

Vitamin D and molecular actions on the immune system: modulation of innate and autoimmunity. J Mol Med (Berl) (2010) 2.25

Influenza seasonality: lifting the fog. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2009) 2.20

On the epidemiology of influenza. Virol J (2008) 2.17

Antibacterial effects of vitamin D. Nat Rev Endocrinol (2011) 2.03

Not enough vitamin D: health consequences for Canadians. Can Fam Physician (2007) 2.03

Vitamin D deficiency in India: prevalence, causalities and interventions. Nutrients (2014) 1.94

Vitamin D for treatment and prevention of infectious diseases: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Endocr Pract (2009) 1.93

Re: epidemic influenza and vitamin D. Epidemiol Infect (2007) 1.89

Latitudinal variations in seasonal activity of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): a global comparative review. PLoS One (2013) 1.84

Vitamin D - effects on skeletal and extraskeletal health and the need for supplementation. Nutrients (2013) 1.81

Vitamin D signaling, infectious diseases, and regulation of innate immunity. Infect Immun (2008) 1.77

Improving the evidence base for decision making during a pandemic: the example of 2009 influenza A/H1N1. Biosecur Bioterror (2011) 1.75

The vitamin D deficiency pandemic and consequences for nonskeletal health: mechanisms of action. Mol Aspects Med (2008) 1.69

High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among inner-city African American youth with asthma in Washington, DC. J Pediatr (2010) 1.68

Modulation of the immune system by UV radiation: more than just the effects of vitamin D? Nat Rev Immunol (2011) 1.67

The role of vitamin D in pulmonary disease: COPD, asthma, infection, and cancer. Respir Res (2011) 1.65

Vitamin D and the immune system. J Investig Med (2011) 1.65

Vitamin D and host resistance to infection? Putting the cart in front of the horse. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) (2010) 1.59

Vitamin D and immune function. Nutrients (2013) 1.57

The vitamin D connection to pediatric infections and immune function. Pediatr Res (2009) 1.55

Vitamin D supplementation did not prevent influenza-like illness as diagnosed retrospectively by questionnaires in subjects participating in randomized clinical trials. Scand J Infect Dis (2011) 1.52

Vitamin D and the intracrinology of innate immunity. Mol Cell Endocrinol (2010) 1.50

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with low levels of vitamin D. PLoS One (2012) 1.47

Rubella vaccine-induced cellular immunity: evidence of associations with polymorphisms in the Toll-like, vitamin A and D receptors, and innate immune response genes. Hum Genet (2009) 1.46

Vitamin D3: a helpful immuno-modulator. Immunology (2011) 1.46

Cord-blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of early-onset neonatal sepsis: a case-control study from a tertiary care center in Turkey. Eur J Pediatr (2014) 1.45

Vitamin D and asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (2011) 1.44

The relationship of meteorological conditions to the epidemic activity of respiratory syncytial virus. Epidemiol Infect (2007) 1.43

Sunlight and Vitamin D: A global perspective for health. Dermatoendocrinol (2013) 1.41

Vitamin D (25OHD) Serum Seasonality in the United States. PLoS One (2013) 1.41

Impact of vitamin D on immune function: lessons learned from genome-wide analysis. Front Physiol (2014) 1.40

Role of vitamin D in adults requiring nutrition support. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr (2009) 1.40

The vitamin D-antimicrobial peptide pathway and its role in protection against infection. Future Microbiol (2009) 1.40

Ligation of TLR9 induced on human IL-10-secreting Tregs by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 abrogates regulatory function. J Clin Invest (2009) 1.35

Regulation of cytokine responses by seasonality of vitamin D status in healthy individuals. Clin Exp Immunol (2011) 1.32

Antimicrobial implications of vitamin D. Dermatoendocrinol (2011) 1.24

Vitamin D, the immune system and asthma. Expert Rev Clin Immunol (2009) 1.23

Epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a retrospective study of 27 years. BMC Pediatr (2012) 1.20

Vitamin D in acute stress and critical illness. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care (2012) 1.19

Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, gender and smoking status. The Tromsø Staph and Skin Study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis (2011) 1.18

Vitamin D and respiratory health. Clin Exp Immunol (2009) 1.15

Vitamin D status of clinical practice populations at higher latitudes: analysis and applications. Int J Environ Res Public Health (2009) 1.14

Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with the risk of death in a general older population in Finland. Eur J Nutr (2010) 1.14

Cord blood vitamin D status impacts innate immune responses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2011) 1.14

Profound Vitamin D Deficiency in a Diverse Group of Women during Pregnancy Living in a Sun-Rich Environment at Latitude 32°N. Int J Endocrinol (2010) 1.13

Let the sun shine in: effects of ultraviolet radiation on invasive pneumococcal disease risk in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. BMC Infect Dis (2009) 1.13

How strong is the evidence that solar ultraviolet B and vitamin D reduce the risk of cancer?: An examination using Hill's criteria for causality. Dermatoendocrinol (2009) 1.13

Vitamin D effects on lung immunity and respiratory diseases. Vitam Horm (2011) 1.12

Vitamin D and chronic lung disease: a review of molecular mechanisms and clinical studies. Adv Nutr (2011) 1.12

Associations among 25-hydroxyvitamin D, diet quality, and metabolic disturbance differ by adiposity in adults in the United States. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2010) 1.11

Vitamin D metabolism and innate immunity. Mol Cell Endocrinol (2011) 1.11

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates cytokine production induced by Candida albicans: impact of seasonal variation of immune responses. J Infect Dis (2011) 1.10

Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and risk of upper respiratory tract infection in children and adolescents. Clin Infect Dis (2013) 1.09

Effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status on serological response to influenza vaccine in prostate cancer patients. Prostate (2010) 1.09

Epidemiology of concomitant infection due to Loa loa and Mansonella perstans in Gabon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis (2011) 1.08

High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in China: relationship with the levels of parathyroid hormone and markers of bone turnover. PLoS One (2012) 1.07

In defense of the sun: An estimate of changes in mortality rates in the United States if mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were raised to 45 ng/mL by solar ultraviolet-B irradiance. Dermatoendocrinol (2009) 1.06

Vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone in a urban population in Vietnam. Osteoporos Int (2010) 1.05

Vitamin D status among long-term survivors of hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant (2011) 1.05

The noncalciotropic actions of vitamin D: recent clinical developments. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens (2008) 1.04

The vitamin d receptor and T cell function. Front Immunol (2013) 1.03

Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ (2017) 1.02

Nonclassical vitamin D action. Nutrients (2010) 1.02

The possible roles of solar ultraviolet-B radiation and vitamin D in reducing case-fatality rates from the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in the United States. Dermatoendocrinol (2009) 1.01

Understanding the immune response to seasonal influenza vaccination in older adults: a systems biology approach. Expert Rev Vaccines (2012) 1.01

Vitamin D's potential to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired infections. Dermatoendocrinol (2012) 1.01

Epidemiologic evidence supporting the role of maternal vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for the development of infantile autism. Dermatoendocrinol (2009) 1.00

Are Hill's criteria for causality satisfied for vitamin D and periodontal disease? Dermatoendocrinol (2010) 1.00

Absolute humidity and the seasonal onset of influenza in the continental US. PLoS Curr (2009) 1.00

Relation of schizophrenia prevalence to latitude, climate, fish consumption, infant mortality, and skin color: a role for prenatal vitamin d deficiency and infections? Schizophr Bull (2009) 0.99

Impact of pollution, climate, and sociodemographic factors on spatiotemporal dynamics of seasonal respiratory viruses. Clin Transl Sci (2011) 0.99

Effects of vitamin A and D receptor gene polymorphisms/haplotypes on immune responses to measles vaccine. Pharmacogenet Genomics (2012) 0.98

Aerosol influenza transmission risk contours: a study of humid tropics versus winter temperate zone. Virol J (2010) 0.98

Seasonal variation in vitamin D₃ levels is paralleled by changes in the peripheral blood human T cell compartment. PLoS One (2012) 0.97

Low serum vitamin D is associated with increased mortality in elderly men: MrOS Sweden. Osteoporos Int (2011) 0.97

Modification by influenza on health effects of air pollution in Hong Kong. Environ Health Perspect (2008) 0.97

Vitamin D status and biomarkers of inflammation in runners. Open Access J Sports Med (2012) 0.96

A critical review of Vitamin D and Cancer: A report of the IARC Working Group. Dermatoendocrinol (2009) 0.96

Modelling seasonal influenza: the role of weather and punctuated antigenic drift. J R Soc Interface (2013) 0.95

Calcitriol [1, 25[OH]2 D3] pre- and post-treatment suppresses inflammatory response to influenza A (H1N1) infection in human lung A549 epithelial cells. Eur J Nutr (2012) 0.94

Environmental exposures and invasive meningococcal disease: an evaluation of effects on varying time scales. Am J Epidemiol (2009) 0.94

Shortcomings of vitamin D-based model simulations of seasonal influenza. PLoS One (2011) 0.93

Solar ultraviolet-B irradiance and vitamin D may reduce the risk of septicemia. Dermatoendocrinol (2009) 0.91

Calcium and vitamin D use among adults in periodontal disease maintenance programmes. Br Dent J (2009) 0.90

Influenza and RSV make a modest contribution to invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in the UK. J Infect (2013) 0.90

Vitamin D deficiency and the lung: disease initiator or disease modifier? Nutrients (2013) 0.90

Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response. Science (2006) 18.74

Influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States. JAMA (2004) 18.23

Avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans. N Engl J Med (2005) 12.95

Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol (2003) 11.11

THE NATURE OF HERPES ZOSTER: A LONG-TERM STUDY AND A NEW HYPOTHESIS. Proc R Soc Med (1965) 10.85

Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients. N Engl J Med (1998) 9.13

High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. Mayo Clin Proc (2006) 8.78

Induction of proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages by influenza A (H5N1) viruses: a mechanism for the unusual severity of human disease? Lancet (2002) 8.70

Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1988) 7.09

Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety. Am J Clin Nutr (1999) 6.64

Cutting edge: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a direct inducer of antimicrobial peptide gene expression. J Immunol (2004) 6.35

Enhanced virulence of influenza A viruses with the haemagglutinin of the 1918 pandemic virus. Nature (2004) 6.11

Influenza and the winter increase in mortality in the United States, 1959-1999. Am J Epidemiol (2004) 5.26

Proinflammatory cytokine responses induced by influenza A (H5N1) viruses in primary human alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells. Respir Res (2005) 4.41

Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is a direct target of the vitamin D receptor and is strongly up-regulated in myeloid cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. FASEB J (2005) 4.36

Calcium absorption varies within the reference range for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. J Am Coll Nutr (2003) 4.24

Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with better lower-extremity function in both active and inactive persons aged > or =60 y. Am J Clin Nutr (2004) 3.76

Epidemiology of the Hong Kong-68 variant of influenza A2 in Britain. Br Med J (1971) 3.74

Influenzavirus infections in Seattle families, 1975-1979. I. Study design, methods and the occurrence of infections by time and age. Am J Epidemiol (1982) 3.55

Antimicrobial peptides: premises and promises. Int J Antimicrob Agents (2004) 3.39

Serum vitamin D concentrations among elderly people in Europe. Lancet (1995) 3.19

A global study of vitamin D status and parathyroid function in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: baseline data from the multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2001) 3.16

Vitamin D in preventive medicine: are we ignoring the evidence? Br J Nutr (2003) 3.04

The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among US adults: data from the NHANES III. Ethn Dis (2005) 3.04

Direct inactivation of viruses by human granulocyte defensins. J Virol (1986) 3.00

Epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory tract virus infections in the tropics. Paediatr Respir Rev (2003) 2.93

Association of subclinical vitamin D deficiency with severe acute lower respiratory infection in Indian children under 5 y. Eur J Clin Nutr (2004) 2.82

The Tecumseh Study of Respiratory Illness. IX. Occurence of influenza in the community, 1966--1971. Am J Epidemiol (1975) 2.81

Vitamin D and the elderly. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) (2005) 2.77

The role of season in the epidemiology of influenza. J Hyg (Lond) (1981) 2.72

Differences in vitamin D status between countries in young adults and the elderly. Am J Med (1992) 2.67

Deaths: final data for 2000. Natl Vital Stat Rep (2002) 2.65

Case-control study of the role of nutritional rickets in the risk of developing pneumonia in Ethiopian children. Lancet (1997) 2.62

The Vitamin D requirement in health and disease. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol (2005) 2.47

McCollum Award Lecture, 1994: vitamin D--new horizons for the 21st century. Am J Clin Nutr (1994) 2.23

Wintertime vitamin D insufficiency is common in young Canadian women, and their vitamin D intake does not prevent it. Eur J Clin Nutr (2001) 2.22

A study of illness in a group of Cleveland families. XVII. The occurrence of Asian influenza. Am J Hyg (1958) 2.19

A randomized controlled trial of vitamin D3 supplementation in African American women. Arch Intern Med (2005) 2.10

Vitamin D and its major metabolites: serum levels after graded oral dosing in healthy men. Osteoporos Int (1998) 2.07

An explanation for the seasonality of acute upper respiratory tract viral infections. Acta Otolaryngol (2002) 2.06

The vitamin D epidemic and its health consequences. J Nutr (2005) 2.04

Diet, sunlight, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D in healthy children and adults. Br Med J (1979) 2.02

Impact of influenza on mortality in relation to age and underlying disease, 1967-1989. Int J Epidemiol (1993) 2.00

Sunspots and influenza. Nature (1990) 1.95

Vitamin D concentrations among people aged 65 years and over living in private households and institutions in England: population survey. Age Ageing (2005) 1.81

Annual intramuscular injection of a megadose of cholecalciferol for treatment of vitamin D deficiency: efficacy and safety data. Med J Aust (2005) 1.80

[beta]-defensins in lung host defense. Annu Rev Physiol (2002) 1.80

Temperature, housing, deprivation and their relationship to excess winter mortality in Great Britain, 1986-1996. Int J Epidemiol (2001) 1.79

Vitamin D insufficiency in North America. J Nutr (2005) 1.70

Vitamin d deficiency and seasonal variation in an adult South Florida population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2005) 1.64

Association of influenza epidemics with global climate variability. Eur J Epidemiol (2004) 1.64

Experimental and epidemiological estimation of seasonal and climato-geographical features of non-specific resistance of the organism to influenza. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol (1977) 1.63

1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a potent suppressor of interferon gamma-mediated macrophage activation. Blood (2005) 1.53

The immunological functions of the vitamin D endocrine system. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) (2003) 1.50

Vitamin D and barrier function: a novel role for extra-renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase. Mol Cell Endocrinol (2004) 1.42

The frequency of nutritional rickets among hospitalized infants and its relation to respiratory diseases. J Trop Pediatr (2004) 1.41

Association of normal weather periods and El Niño events with hospitalization for viral pneumonia in females: California, 1983-1998. Am J Public Health (2001) 1.39

Randomized comparison of the effects of the vitamin D3 adequate intake versus 100 mcg (4000 IU) per day on biochemical responses and the wellbeing of patients. Nutr J (2004) 1.35

Influenza and pneumonia hospitalizations in Ontario: a time-series analysis. Epidemiol Infect (2004) 1.30

Vitamin-D synthesis and metabolism after ultraviolet irradiation of normal and vitamin-D-deficient subjects. N Engl J Med (1982) 1.29

Seasonal variation in vitamin D. Proc Nutr Soc (1994) 1.29

Photosynthesis of vitamin D in the skin: effect of environmental and life-style variables. Fed Proc (1987) 1.29

Winter excess mortality: a comparison between Norway and England plus Wales. Age Ageing (1996) 1.18

Antimicrobial proteins and polypeptides in pulmonary innate defence. Respir Res (2006) 1.18

Solar cycle variability, ozone, and climate Science (1999) 1.16

Sub-clinical rickets and recurrent infection. J Trop Pediatr (1994) 1.16

Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in Edmonton, Alberta: an emergency department-based study. Can Respir J (2005) 1.13

Prevalence of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in different European countries. Osteoporos Int (1998) 1.11

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 activates secretion of hydrogen peroxide by human monocytes. J Immunol (1986) 1.09

Ultraviolet immunosuppression: mechanisms and consequences. Dermatol Clin (2006) 1.09

Effect of daily cod liver oil and a multivitamin-mineral supplement with selenium on upper respiratory tract pediatric visits by young, inner-city, Latino children: randomized pediatric sites. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol (2004) 1.06

Three summertime outbreaks of influenza type A. J Infect Dis (1995) 1.05

Antimicrobial peptides in lung inflammation. Chem Immunol Allergy (2005) 1.04

Cyclical patterns and predictability in infection. Epidemiol Infect (1989) 1.01

Vitamin A as "anti-infective" therapy, 1920-1940. J Nutr (1999) 1.00

Presentation and predisposing factors of nutritional rickets in children of Hazara Division. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad (2005) 1.00

Paleoclimate. Toward solving the UV puzzle. Science (2002) 1.00

Influenza according to Hoyle. Nature (1990) 0.99

Single dose vitamin D treatment for osteomalacia in the elderly. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) (1985) 0.98

Antimicrobial peptides: mediators of innate immunity as templates for the development of novel anti-infective and immune therapeutics. Curr Pharm Des (2004) 0.97

Mortality from pneumonia in children in the United States, 1939 through 1996. N Engl J Med (2000) 0.96

High incidence of rickets in children with wheezy bronchitis in a developing country. J R Soc Med (1982) 0.96

The persistence of influenza A in human populations. Epidemiol Rev (1986) 0.95

Clinical characteristics and outcome of children aged under 5 years hospitalized with severe pneumonia in Yemen. Ann Trop Paediatr (1997) 0.95

[Maternal syphilis and congenital syphilis in Latin America: big problem, simple solution]. Rev Panam Salud Publica (2004) 0.91

Factors affecting the morbidity of vitamin D deficiency rickets and primary protection. East Afr Med J (1994) 0.91

Inflammatory profile in nasal secretions of infants hospitalized with acute lower airway tract infections. Respirology (2005) 0.90

Impaired bone marrow-derived macrophage differentiation in vitamin D deficiency. Cell Immunol (1993) 0.90

Efficacy of an oral, 10-day course of high-dose calciferol in correcting vitamin D deficiency. N Z Med J (2003) 0.90

A review of studies on the effects of ultraviolet irradiation on the resistance to infections: evidence from rodent infection models and verification by experimental and observational human studies. Int Immunopharmacol (2002) 0.89

Pulmonary changes in rickets in children. Indian Pediatr (1979) 0.89

Influenza mortality and excess deaths in the elderly, 1967-82. Epidemiol Infect (1989) 0.89

Seasonal variation in hospital admissions for community-acquired pneumonia: a 5-year study. J Infect (1999) 0.89

Acute cooling of the feet and the onset of common cold symptoms. Fam Pract (2005) 0.88

Severe rickets in infancy and childhood in Ethiopia. J Pediatr (1973) 0.88

Vitamin D and the immune system. Steroids (1988) 0.88

Seasonal fluctuations in hospitalisation for pneumonia in Finland. Int J Circumpolar Health (2001) 0.88

Enzyme kinetics hypothesis to explain the U-shaped risk curve for prostate cancer vs. 25-hydroxyvitamin D in nordic countries. Int J Cancer (2004) 0.87

Vitamin D status of Hong Kong Chinese infants. Acta Paediatr Scand (1989) 0.87

Influenza surveillance--United States, 1992-93 and 1993-94. MMWR CDC Surveill Summ (1997) 0.85

Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr (2000) 11.69

Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1988) 7.09

Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I and prostate cancer risk: a prospective study. Science (1998) 6.50

Increased skin pigment reduces the capacity of skin to synthesise vitamin D3. Lancet (1982) 6.40

Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. N Engl J Med (1993) 6.37

Prospective study of colorectal cancer risk in men and plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3. J Natl Cancer Inst (1999) 5.27

Redefining vitamin D insufficiency. Lancet (1998) 5.26

Reproducibility and validity of a self-administered physical activity questionnaire for male health professionals. Epidemiology (1996) 4.37

Physical activity, obesity, height, and the risk of pancreatic cancer. JAMA (2001) 4.30

Vegetable, fruit, and cereal fiber intake and risk of coronary heart disease among men. JAMA (1996) 4.29

Whole-grain consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: results from the Nurses' Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr (1999) 3.89

Recreational physical activity and the risk of cholecystectomy in women. N Engl J Med (1999) 3.82

Body size and fat distribution as predictors of coronary heart disease among middle-aged and older US men. Am J Epidemiol (1995) 3.76

Aging decreases the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3. J Clin Invest (1985) 3.59

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism, dietary interactions, and risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Res (1997) 3.36

Sunshine is good medicine. The health benefits of ultraviolet-B induced vitamin D production. J Cosmet Dermatol (2003) 3.33

A prospective study of social networks in relation to total mortality and cardiovascular disease in men in the USA. J Epidemiol Community Health (1996) 3.28

Specific high-affinity receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: presence in monocytes and induction in T lymphocytes following activation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1983) 3.27

Do sunlight and vitamin D reduce the likelihood of colon cancer? Int J Epidemiol (1980) 3.25

Prospective study of adult onset diabetes mellitus (type 2) and risk of colorectal cancer in women. J Natl Cancer Inst (1999) 3.22

Alcohol intake in relation to diet and obesity in women and men. Am J Clin Nutr (1991) 3.20

An international comparison of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurements. Osteoporos Int (1999) 3.07

Photosynthesis of previtamin D3 in human skin and the physiologic consequences. Science (1980) 3.06

Study of prediagnostic selenium level in toenails and the risk of advanced prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst (1998) 2.97

Ultraviolet B and blood pressure. Lancet (1998) 2.83

Control of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol metabolism by parathyroid glands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1972) 2.77

Evidence that vitamin D3 increases serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D more efficiently than does vitamin D2. Am J Clin Nutr (1998) 2.72

A candidate gene approach to searching for low-penetrance breast and prostate cancer genes. Nat Rev Cancer (2005) 2.62

Intake of specific carotenoids and risk of lung cancer in 2 prospective US cohorts. Am J Clin Nutr (2000) 2.61

Adiposity and mortality in men. Am J Epidemiol (2000) 2.60

Prospective study of regular aspirin use and the risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst (1996) 2.58

Problems with direct 25-hydroxyvitamin D assays, and the target amount of vitamin D nutrition desirable for patients with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int (2000) 2.53

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol: a potent stimulator of bone resorption in tissue culture. Science (1972) 2.50

Isolation and identification of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. A metabolite of vitamin D active in intestine. Biochemistry (1971) 2.50

Coffee, caffeine, and cardiovascular disease in men. N Engl J Med (1990) 2.49

A986S polymorphism of the calcium-sensing receptor and circulating calcium concentrations. Lancet (1999) 2.47

Leisure-time physical activity, body size, and colon cancer in women. Nurses' Health Study Research Group. J Natl Cancer Inst (1997) 2.46

A prospective study of parental history of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease in men. Am J Cardiol (1991) 2.45

Geographic variation in breast cancer mortality in the United States: a hypothesis involving exposure to solar radiation. Prev Med (1990) 2.41

Sunscreens suppress cutaneous vitamin D3 synthesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1987) 2.35

A phase I/II dose-escalation trial of vitamin D3 and calcium in multiple sclerosis. Neurology (2010) 2.30

Lower prostate cancer risk in men with elevated plasma lycopene levels: results of a prospective analysis. Cancer Res (1999) 2.30

A possible genetic defect in 25-hydroxylation as a cause of rickets. J Pediatr (1994) 2.22

Regulation of cutaneous previtamin D3 photosynthesis in man: skin pigment is not an essential regulator. Science (1981) 2.20

A new chromatographic system for vitamin D3 and its metabolites: resoluation of a new vitamin D3 metabolite. J Lipid Res (1971) 2.12

Prospective study of phobic anxiety and risk of coronary heart disease in men. Circulation (1994) 2.10

Vitamin D and its major metabolites: serum levels after graded oral dosing in healthy men. Osteoporos Int (1998) 2.07

A methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and the risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Res (1996) 2.03

Incidence rates of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in fifteen areas of the United States. Gastroenterology (1981) 1.99

Sunlight and breast cancer incidence in the USSR. Int J Epidemiol (1990) 1.96

Postmenopausal hormone use and risk for colorectal cancer and adenoma. Ann Intern Med (1998) 1.96

Hypervitaminosis D associated with drinking milk. N Engl J Med (1992) 1.90

Skin cancer and UV radiation. Nature (1993) 1.90

Fruit, vegetables, dietary fiber, and risk of colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst (2001) 1.90

Diet and basal cell carcinoma of the skin in a prospective cohort of men. Am J Clin Nutr (2000) 1.85

Proportion of colon cancer risk that might be preventable in a cohort of middle-aged US men. Cancer Causes Control (2000) 1.82

Association between markers of the metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Int J Obes (Lond) (2005) 1.82

Age, vitamin D, and solar ultraviolet. Lancet (1989) 1.82

Spectral character of sunlight modulates photosynthesis of previtamin D3 and its photoisomers in human skin. Science (1982) 1.80

Identification of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, a form of vitamin D3 metabolically active in the intestine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1971) 1.78

Effectiveness of various mailing strategies among nonrespondents in a prospective cohort study. Am J Epidemiol (1990) 1.78

Difficulties with vitamin D nutrition research: objective targets of adequacy, and assays for 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Eur J Clin Nutr (2001) 1.77

Methods for the determination of the circulating concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. J Nutr Biochem (1990) 1.76

Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Am J Epidemiol (1999) 1.73

Racial variation in prostate cancer incidence and in hormonal system markers among male health professionals. J Natl Cancer Inst (2000) 1.72

Benefit-risk assessment of vitamin D supplementation. Osteoporos Int (2009) 1.70

Human prostate cells synthesize 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev (1998) 1.69

A prospective study of whole-grain intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in US women. Am J Public Health (2000) 1.68

The association between ultraviolet B irradiance, vitamin D status and incidence rates of type 1 diabetes in 51 regions worldwide. Diabetologia (2008) 1.67

21,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. A metabolite of vitamin D3 preferentially active on bone. Biochemistry (1970) 1.65

An evaluation of the relative contributions of exposure to sunlight and of diet to the circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in an elderly nursing home population in Boston. Am J Clin Nutr (1990) 1.65

The response of intestinal calcium transport to 25-hydroxy and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D in nephrectomized rats. Endocrinology (1972) 1.63

Race/ethnic differences in bone mineral density in men. Osteoporos Int (2007) 1.63

Isolation and identification of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, a metabolite of vitamin D made in the kidney. Biochemistry (1972) 1.62

A prospective study on intake of animal products and risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control (2001) 1.62

25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase in normal and malignant colon tissue. Lancet (2001) 1.61

Incidence rates and risk factors for acute urinary retention: the health professionals followup study. J Urol (1999) 1.58

Trends in incidence rates of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci (1984) 1.57

Estimating the global and regional burden of suboptimal nutrition on chronic disease: methods and inputs to the analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr (2011) 1.54

1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces maturation of the human monocyte cell line U937, and, in association with a factor from human T lymphocytes, augments production of the monokine, mononuclear cell factor. J Clin Invest (1984) 1.52

Harvard Report on Cancer Prevention. Volume 3: prevention of colon cancer in the United States. Cancer Causes Control (1999) 1.51

Vitamin D intoxication associated with an over-the-counter supplement. N Engl J Med (2001) 1.51

A prospective study of coffee consumption and the risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in men. JAMA (1999) 1.51

Pathogenesis of hereditary vitamin-D-dependent rickets. An inborn error of vitamin D metabolism involving defective conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. N Engl J Med (1973) 1.50

Predictors of dietary heterocyclic amine intake in three prospective cohorts. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev (1998) 1.49

Body weight and colorectal cancer risk in a cohort of Swedish women: relation varies by age and cancer site. Br J Cancer (2001) 1.49

Response of intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. Endocrinology (1974) 1.48

Sunlight, vitamin D, and ovarian cancer mortality rates in US women. Int J Epidemiol (1994) 1.47

Serum vitamin D metabolite levels and the subsequent development of prostate cancer (Hawaii, United States) Cancer Causes Control (1998) 1.46

Effect of vitamin D supplementation and ultraviolet B exposure on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in healthy volunteers: a randomized, crossover clinical trial. Br J Dermatol (2013) 1.46

Vitamin D levels in women with systemic lupus erythematosus and fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol (2001) 1.46

Plasma 1,25-dihydroxy- and 25-hydroxyvitamin D and adenomatous polyps of the distal colorectum. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev (2000) 1.43

Ozone depletion and climate change: impacts on UV radiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci (2011) 1.42

25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol, a metabolite of vitamin D3 with intestinal calcium transport activity. Biochemistry (1970) 1.40

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol stimulates osteoclasts in rat bones in the absence of parathyroid hormone. Endocrinology (1981) 1.40

Longitudinal evaluation of vitamin D status in healthy subjects from southern Italy: seasonal and gender differences. Osteoporos Int (2001) 1.39

Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, circulating vitamin D metabolites, and risk of prostate cancer in United States physicians. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev (1998) 1.39

Water vapor absorption coefficients in the 8-13-microm spectral region: a critical review. Appl Opt (1990) 1.39

Whole grain consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: a population-based cohort of 60,000 women. Br J Cancer (2005) 1.39

High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism and generalized bone pain in Turkish immigrants in Germany: identification of risk factors. Osteoporos Int (2006) 1.39