Macrophages regulate the angiogenic switch in a mouse model of breast cancer.

PubWeight™: 6.52‹?› | Rank: Top 1%

🔗 View Article (PMID 17114237)

Published in Cancer Res on November 17, 2006

Authors

Elaine Y Lin1, Jiu-Feng Li, Leoid Gnatovskiy, Yan Deng, Liyin Zhu, Dustin A Grzesik, Hong Qian, Xiao-nan Xue, Jeffrey W Pollard

Author Affiliations

1: Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.

Articles citing this

(truncated to the top 100)

Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation. Nat Rev Immunol (2008) 26.08

Microenvironmental regulation of metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer (2008) 15.76

Macrophage diversity enhances tumor progression and metastasis. Cell (2010) 13.41

Coordinated regulation of myeloid cells by tumours. Nat Rev Immunol (2012) 12.19

Macrophage plasticity and interaction with lymphocyte subsets: cancer as a paradigm. Nat Immunol (2010) 9.59

Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease. Nature (2013) 8.28

HIF1alpha induces the recruitment of bone marrow-derived vascular modulatory cells to regulate tumor angiogenesis and invasion. Cancer Cell (2008) 8.01

Leukocyte complexity predicts breast cancer survival and functionally regulates response to chemotherapy. Cancer Discov (2011) 7.65

Trophic macrophages in development and disease. Nat Rev Immunol (2009) 5.37

Blocking TNF-alpha in mice reduces colorectal carcinogenesis associated with chronic colitis. J Clin Invest (2008) 5.26

Tumor angiogenesis: molecular pathways and therapeutic targets. Nat Med (2011) 4.91

Stabilization of snail by NF-kappaB is required for inflammation-induced cell migration and invasion. Cancer Cell (2009) 4.73

IL-6 triggers malignant features in mammospheres from human ductal breast carcinoma and normal mammary gland. J Clin Invest (2007) 4.71

Integrins in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer (2008) 4.27

Tumors as organs: complex tissues that interface with the entire organism. Dev Cell (2010) 3.98

Deletion of vascular endothelial growth factor in myeloid cells accelerates tumorigenesis. Nature (2008) 3.82

Inflammation and breast cancer. Balancing immune response: crosstalk between adaptive and innate immune cells during breast cancer progression. Breast Cancer Res (2007) 3.76

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is required for tumor vasculogenesis but not for angiogenesis: role of bone marrow-derived myelomonocytic cells. Cancer Cell (2008) 3.56

Functional polarization of tumour-associated macrophages by tumour-derived lactic acid. Nature (2014) 3.31

Macrophages define the invasive microenvironment in breast cancer. J Leukoc Biol (2008) 3.02

Migratory neighbors and distant invaders: tumor-associated niche cells. Genes Dev (2008) 2.95

Macrophages in tumor microenvironments and the progression of tumors. Clin Dev Immunol (2012) 2.94

Receptor tyrosine kinases and TLR/IL1Rs unexpectedly activate myeloid cell PI3kγ, a single convergent point promoting tumor inflammation and progression. Cancer Cell (2011) 2.70

Cytokine production and inflammation drive autophagy in the tumor microenvironment: role of stromal caveolin-1 as a key regulator. Cell Cycle (2011) 2.68

Macrophage binding to receptor VCAM-1 transmits survival signals in breast cancer cells that invade the lungs. Cancer Cell (2011) 2.64

Immune surveillance: a balance between protumor and antitumor immunity. Curr Opin Genet Dev (2008) 2.62

Amino-biphosphonate-mediated MMP-9 inhibition breaks the tumor-bone marrow axis responsible for myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion and macrophage infiltration in tumor stroma. Cancer Res (2007) 2.41

Visualizing stromal cell dynamics in different tumor microenvironments by spinning disk confocal microscopy. Dis Model Mech (2008) 2.34

M-CSF inhibition selectively targets pathological angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. J Exp Med (2009) 2.29

T-cell metagene predicts a favorable prognosis in estrogen receptor-negative and HER2-positive breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res (2009) 2.26

Glioma-associated cytomegalovirus mediates subversion of the monocyte lineage to a tumor propagating phenotype. Clin Cancer Res (2011) 2.15

Immune cell promotion of metastasis. Nat Rev Immunol (2015) 2.15

Increased density of tumor-associated macrophages is associated with decreased survival in advanced thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer (2008) 2.11

Cross-talk between myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), macrophages, and dendritic cells enhances tumor-induced immune suppression. Semin Cancer Biol (2012) 2.01

Leukocyte composition of human breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2011) 1.97

Marginating dendritic cells of the tumor microenvironment cross-present tumor antigens and stably engage tumor-specific T cells. Cancer Cell (2012) 1.95

Vascular endothelial growth factor restores delayed tumor progression in tumors depleted of macrophages. Mol Oncol (2007) 1.88

The GAIT system: a gatekeeper of inflammatory gene expression. Trends Biochem Sci (2009) 1.88

Leukocytes in mammary development and cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol (2011) 1.88

TNF primes endothelial cells for angiogenic sprouting by inducing a tip cell phenotype. Blood (2008) 1.83

Real-Time Imaging Reveals Local, Transient Vascular Permeability, and Tumor Cell Intravasation Stimulated by TIE2hi Macrophage-Derived VEGFA. Cancer Discov (2015) 1.82

Macrophage polarization: an opportunity for improved outcomes in biomaterials and regenerative medicine. Biomaterials (2012) 1.81

GATA3 in development and cancer differentiation: cells GATA have it! J Cell Physiol (2010) 1.80

IL-17 expression by breast-cancer-associated macrophages: IL-17 promotes invasiveness of breast cancer cell lines. Breast Cancer Res (2008) 1.80

High-density gene expression analysis of tumor-associated macrophages from mouse mammary tumors. Am J Pathol (2009) 1.80

The TGF-beta paradox in human cancer: an update. Future Oncol (2009) 1.79

The role of tenascin-C in tissue injury and tumorigenesis. J Cell Commun Signal (2009) 1.72

Cancer and inflammation: promise for biologic therapy. J Immunother (2010) 1.72

Plasticity in tumor-promoting inflammation: impairment of macrophage recruitment evokes a compensatory neutrophil response. Neoplasia (2008) 1.70

A novel mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease links mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent hyperproliferation of colonic epithelium to inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. Am J Pathol (2009) 1.70

DAPK-ZIPK-L13a axis constitutes a negative-feedback module regulating inflammatory gene expression. Mol Cell (2008) 1.70

Elusive identities and overlapping phenotypes of proangiogenic myeloid cells in tumors. Am J Pathol (2010) 1.70

Transforming growth factor-β and the hallmarks of cancer. Cell Signal (2010) 1.66

TIE2-expressing macrophages limit the therapeutic efficacy of the vascular-disrupting agent combretastatin A4 phosphate in mice. J Clin Invest (2011) 1.66

Alternatively activated macrophages and collagen remodeling characterize the postpartum involuting mammary gland across species. Am J Pathol (2010) 1.65

Resistance and escape from antiangiogenesis therapy: clinical implications and future strategies. J Clin Oncol (2012) 1.61

Matrix metalloproteinases contribute distinct roles in neuroendocrine prostate carcinogenesis, metastasis, and angiogenesis progression. Cancer Res (2010) 1.60

Regulation of macrophage function in tumors: the multifaceted role of NF-kappaB. Blood (2009) 1.59

A post-transcriptional pathway represses monocyte VEGF-A expression and angiogenic activity. EMBO J (2007) 1.59

Proangiogenic contribution of adiponectin toward mammary tumor growth in vivo. Clin Cancer Res (2009) 1.58

Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis by invoking an anti-angiogenic program in tumor-educated macrophages. Cancer Res (2009) 1.57

HIF transcription factors, inflammation, and immunity. Immunity (2014) 1.55

Tumor-associated macrophages: functional diversity, clinical significance, and open questions. Semin Immunopathol (2013) 1.54

Tumor angiogenesis and progression are enhanced by Sema4D produced by tumor-associated macrophages. J Exp Med (2008) 1.53

Tumour macrophages as potential targets of bisphosphonates. J Transl Med (2011) 1.53

SLITs suppress tumor growth in vivo by silencing Sdf1/Cxcr4 within breast epithelium. Cancer Res (2008) 1.52

Characteristics of the alternative phenotype of microglia/macrophages and its modulation in experimental gliomas. PLoS One (2011) 1.50

Protease-activated receptor (PAR) 2, but not PAR1, signaling promotes the development of mammary adenocarcinoma in polyoma middle T mice. Cancer Res (2008) 1.50

Hypoxia and radiation therapy: past history, ongoing research, and future promise. Curr Mol Med (2009) 1.50

Chemokines: novel targets for breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev (2007) 1.49

Obligatory participation of macrophages in an angiopoietin 2-mediated cell death switch. Development (2007) 1.47

Macrophage polarization in health and disease. ScientificWorldJournal (2011) 1.46

Repression of VEGFA by CA-rich element-binding microRNAs is modulated by hnRNP L. EMBO J (2011) 1.44

Possible role of arginase-1 in concomitant tumor immunity. PLoS One (2014) 1.43

The metastasis-promoting roles of tumor-associated immune cells. J Mol Med (Berl) (2013) 1.40

MRI of tumor-associated macrophages with clinically applicable iron oxide nanoparticles. Clin Cancer Res (2011) 1.40

Intratumoral macrophages contribute to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in solid tumors. BMC Cancer (2012) 1.39

Tumor endothelial cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med (2012) 1.39

Tumor-associated macrophages: function, phenotype, and link to prognosis in human lung cancer. Am J Transl Res (2012) 1.37

Adenovirus-mediated HIF-1α gene transfer promotes repair of mouse airway allograft microvasculature and attenuates chronic rejection. J Clin Invest (2011) 1.35

Pericyte deficiencies lead to aberrant tumor vascularizaton in the brain of the NG2 null mouse. Dev Biol (2010) 1.34

The effect of thrombospondin-1 on breast cancer metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat (2008) 1.32

Identification of a Stat3-dependent transcription regulatory network involved in metastatic progression. Cancer Res (2009) 1.32

Role of endothelial progenitors and other bone marrow-derived cells in the development of the tumor vasculature. Angiogenesis (2009) 1.31

Macrophages in breast cancer: do involution macrophages account for the poor prognosis of pregnancy-associated breast cancer? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia (2009) 1.31

Prevention and treatment of experimental estrogen receptor-negative mammary carcinogenesis by the synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-methyl Ester and the rexinoid LG100268. Clin Cancer Res (2008) 1.28

Immunological hallmarks of stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Immunol (2015) 1.24

Tumor-associated macrophages in the cutaneous SCC microenvironment are heterogeneously activated. J Invest Dermatol (2011) 1.24

Twist1 induces CCL2 and recruits macrophages to promote angiogenesis. Cancer Res (2013) 1.24

Inhibiting the HSP90 chaperone destabilizes macrophage migration inhibitory factor and thereby inhibits breast tumor progression. J Exp Med (2012) 1.23

The tumor microenvironment in colorectal carcinogenesis. Cancer Microenviron (2010) 1.23

The impact of the immune system on tumor: angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. Front Oncol (2014) 1.22

Recruitment of the inflammatory subset of monocytes to sites of ischemia induces angiogenesis in a monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-dependent fashion. J Leukoc Biol (2008) 1.20

Immune heterogeneity of glioblastoma subtypes: extrapolation from the cancer genome atlas. Cancer Immunol Res (2013) 1.20

Prognostic significance of systemic inflammation-based lymphocyte- monocyte ratio in patients with lung cancer: based on a large cohort study. PLoS One (2014) 1.19

Radiotherapy decreases vascular density and causes hypoxia with macrophage aggregation in TRAMP-C1 prostate tumors. Clin Cancer Res (2009) 1.19

Genetic and pharmacological targeting of CSF-1/CSF-1R inhibits tumor-associated macrophages and impairs BRAF-induced thyroid cancer progression. PLoS One (2013) 1.18

Expression of vascular notch ligand delta-like 4 and inflammatory markers in breast cancer. Am J Pathol (2010) 1.17

Hypoxia potentiates glioma-mediated immunosuppression. PLoS One (2011) 1.17

The role of tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer progression (review). Int J Oncol (2013) 1.16

Articles by these authors

Microenvironmental regulation of metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer (2008) 15.76

Macrophages: obligate partners for tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Cell (2006) 13.79

Macrophage diversity enhances tumor progression and metastasis. Cell (2010) 13.41

Somatic mutations altering EZH2 (Tyr641) in follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of germinal-center origin. Nat Genet (2010) 10.97

Distinct role of macrophages in different tumor microenvironments. Cancer Res (2006) 9.29

CCL2 recruits inflammatory monocytes to facilitate breast-tumour metastasis. Nature (2011) 8.62

Progression to malignancy in the polyoma middle T oncoprotein mouse breast cancer model provides a reliable model for human diseases. Am J Pathol (2003) 8.61

A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and hematopoietic stem cells. Science (2012) 8.42

Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease. Nature (2013) 8.28

A paracrine loop between tumor cells and macrophages is required for tumor cell migration in mammary tumors. Cancer Res (2004) 7.56

Direct visualization of macrophage-assisted tumor cell intravasation in mammary tumors. Cancer Res (2007) 6.60

A macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor-green fluorescent protein transgene is expressed throughout the mononuclear phagocyte system of the mouse. Blood (2002) 4.06

A distinct macrophage population mediates metastatic breast cancer cell extravasation, establishment and growth. PLoS One (2009) 3.86

Tumor-associated macrophages press the angiogenic switch in breast cancer. Cancer Res (2007) 3.49

Energy balance for analysis of complex metabolic networks. Biophys J (2002) 3.46

DUX4, a candidate gene of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, encodes a transcriptional activator of PITX1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2007) 3.32

Molecular evidence for hierarchical transcriptional lineage priming in fetal and adult stem cells and multipotent progenitors. Immunity (2007) 3.26

Macrophage Wnt7b is critical for kidney repair and regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2010) 2.87

The macrophage growth factor CSF-1 in mammary gland development and tumor progression. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia (2002) 2.37

Macrophages promote collagen fibrillogenesis around terminal end buds of the developing mammary gland. Dev Dyn (2006) 2.35

A global evaluation of metabolic theory as an explanation for terrestrial species richness gradients. Ecology (2007) 2.29

Adipocyte-secreted factors synergistically promote mammary tumorigenesis through induction of anti-apoptotic transcriptional programs and proto-oncogene stabilization. Oncogene (2003) 2.27

Genomic profiling of microRNAs and messenger RNAs reveals hormonal regulation in microRNA expression in human endometrium. Biol Reprod (2009) 2.26

Dichotomous effects of VEGF-A on adipose tissue dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2012) 2.24

Colony-stimulating factor-1-dependent macrophages are responsible for IVIG protection in antibody-induced autoimmune disease. Immunity (2003) 2.20

Thermodynamic constraints for biochemical networks. J Theor Biol (2004) 2.19

VEGFR-3 controls tip to stalk conversion at vessel fusion sites by reinforcing Notch signalling. Nat Cell Biol (2011) 2.09

GM-CSF controls nonlymphoid tissue dendritic cell homeostasis but is dispensable for the differentiation of inflammatory dendritic cells. Immunity (2012) 1.98

Absence of colony stimulation factor-1 receptor results in loss of microglia, disrupted brain development and olfactory deficits. PLoS One (2011) 1.92

Regulation of angiogenesis by a non-canonical Wnt-Flt1 pathway in myeloid cells. Nature (2011) 1.91

Requirement of macrophages and eosinophils and their cytokines/chemokines for mammary gland development. Breast Cancer Res (2002) 1.90

Vascular endothelial growth factor restores delayed tumor progression in tumors depleted of macrophages. Mol Oncol (2007) 1.88

Leukocytes in mammary development and cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol (2011) 1.88

High-density gene expression analysis of tumor-associated macrophages from mouse mammary tumors. Am J Pathol (2009) 1.80

Acquired TNFRSF14 mutations in follicular lymphoma are associated with worse prognosis. Cancer Res (2010) 1.79

GFP expression in the mammary gland for imaging of mammary tumor cells in transgenic mice. Cancer Res (2002) 1.77

Assessment of algorithms for high throughput detection of genomic copy number variation in oligonucleotide microarray data. BMC Bioinformatics (2007) 1.75

A novel mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease links mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent hyperproliferation of colonic epithelium to inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. Am J Pathol (2009) 1.70

Setup and use of a two-laser multiphoton microscope for multichannel intravital fluorescence imaging. Nat Protoc (2011) 1.67

Gene expression analysis of macrophages that facilitate tumor invasion supports a role for Wnt-signaling in mediating their activity in primary mammary tumors. J Immunol (2009) 1.64

Kit regulates maintenance of quiescent hematopoietic stem cells. J Immunol (2008) 1.60

Proangiogenic contribution of adiponectin toward mammary tumor growth in vivo. Clin Cancer Res (2009) 1.58

Relationship between thermodynamic driving force and one-way fluxes in reversible processes. PLoS One (2007) 1.58

The EGF/CSF-1 paracrine invasion loop can be triggered by heregulin beta1 and CXCL12. Cancer Res (2009) 1.56

Chromatin looping and the probability of transcription. Trends Genet (2006) 1.53

Recruitment of monocytes/macrophages by tissue factor-mediated coagulation is essential for metastatic cell survival and premetastatic niche establishment in mice. Blood (2012) 1.50

S-1-based therapy versus S-1 monotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol (2014) 1.48

Thermodynamic-based computational profiling of cellular regulatory control in hepatocyte metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab (2004) 1.46

Colony stimulating factor-1 is required to recruit macrophages into the mammary gland to facilitate mammary ductal outgrowth. Dev Biol (2002) 1.45

The uterine NK cell population requires IL-15 but these cells are not required for pregnancy nor the resolution of a Listeria monocytogenes infection. J Immunol (2003) 1.41

Ab initio prediction of thermodynamically feasible reaction directions from biochemical network stoichiometry. Metab Eng (2005) 1.41

Cytokines regulate postnatal hematopoietic stem cell expansion: opposing roles of thrombopoietin and LNK. Genes Dev (2006) 1.40

Prognostic impact of inappropriate defibrillator shocks in a population cohort. Heart (2013) 1.38

Degradation of the endoplasmic reticulum by autophagy during endoplasmic reticulum stress in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell (2012) 1.38

Estradiol-17beta regulates mouse uterine epithelial cell proliferation through insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2007) 1.34

Progesterone inhibits the estrogen-induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase-->AKT-->GSK-3beta-->cyclin D1-->pRB pathway to block uterine epithelial cell proliferation. Mol Endocrinol (2005) 1.33

Macrophages: modulators of breast cancer progression. Novartis Found Symp (2004) 1.32

Conditional deletion of the colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (c-fms proto-oncogene) in mice. Genesis (2006) 1.29

Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling in injured neurons facilitates protection and survival. J Exp Med (2013) 1.27

Oxygen-sensitive {delta}-opioid receptor-regulated survival and death signals: novel insights into neuronal preconditioning and protection. J Biol Chem (2005) 1.26

Materials design in the performance of all-ceramic crowns. Biomaterials (2004) 1.25

Stochastic dynamics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of a bistable chemical system: the Schlögl model revisited. J R Soc Interface (2008) 1.24

Mena deficiency delays tumor progression and decreases metastasis in polyoma middle-T transgenic mouse mammary tumors. Breast Cancer Res (2010) 1.24

Insulin cell mass is altered in Csf1op/Csf1op macrophage-deficient mice. J Leukoc Biol (2004) 1.22

Macrophages define dermal lymphatic vessel calibre during development by regulating lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation. Development (2010) 1.22

NRP1 acts cell autonomously in endothelium to promote tip cell function during sprouting angiogenesis. Blood (2013) 1.21

ARC (apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain) is a novel marker of human colon cancer. Cell Cycle (2008) 1.21

Physical origins of entropy production, free energy dissipation, and their mathematical representations. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys (2010) 1.19

Progesterone blocks estrogen-induced DNA synthesis through the inhibition of replication licensing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2006) 1.19

Readmission rates of patients discharged against medical advice: a matched cohort study. PLoS One (2011) 1.19

The role of exotic species in homogenizing the North American flora. Ecol Lett (2006) 1.18

ErbB3-dependent motility and intravasation in breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Res (2006) 1.15

Association of COMT Val158Met polymorphism and breast cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis. Diagn Pathol (2012) 1.12

Phenotype reversion in fetal human liver epithelial cells identifies the role of an intermediate meso-endodermal stage before hepatic maturation. J Cell Sci (2008) 1.12

Positron emission tomography agent 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose has a therapeutic potential in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res (2003) 1.10

The Arabidopsis Spontaneous Cell Death1 gene, encoding a zeta-carotene desaturase essential for carotenoid biosynthesis, is involved in chloroplast development, photoprotection and retrograde signalling. Cell Res (2007) 1.10

IL-7 mediates Ebf-1-dependent lineage restriction in early lymphoid progenitors. Blood (2011) 1.10

Regional differences in rates of plant speciation and molecular evolution: a comparison between eastern Asia and eastern North America. Evolution (2004) 1.09

BINDING PROTEIN is a master regulator of the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor/transducer bZIP28 in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell (2013) 1.08

Morphogenesis of the developing mammary gland: stage-dependent impact of adipocytes. Dev Biol (2010) 1.08

Crop root behavior coordinates phosphorus status and neighbors: from field studies to three-dimensional in situ reconstruction of root system architecture. Plant Physiol (2011) 1.08

Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of probiotics in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in children. Eur J Pediatr (2013) 1.07

Serine palmitoyltransferase, a key enzyme for de novo synthesis of sphingolipids, is essential for male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol (2008) 1.07

Health disparities between island and mainland Puerto Ricans. Rev Panam Salud Publica (2006) 1.07

A comparison of MS/MS-based, stable-isotope-labeled, quantitation performance on ESI-quadrupole TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometers. Proteomics (2009) 1.07

Genome-wide comparative analysis of type-A Arabidopsis response regulator genes by overexpression studies reveals their diverse roles and regulatory mechanisms in cytokinin signaling. Cell Res (2009) 1.06

Differential tissue and subcellular expressionof ERM proteins in normal and malignant tissues: cytoplasmic ezrin expression has prognostic signficance for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck (2006) 1.05

Contribution of CXCL12 secretion to invasion of breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res (2012) 1.05

Apoptosis inhibitor ARC promotes breast tumorigenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Cancer Res (2011) 1.05