Published in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A on December 01, 1989
The bonobo genome compared with the chimpanzee and human genomes. Nature (2012) 2.49
Ancient haplotypes of the HLA Class II region. Genome Res (2005) 1.62
Efficient high-throughput resequencing of genomic DNA. Genome Res (2003) 1.37
Molecular genetics of speciation and human origins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1994) 1.31
Allelic diversification at the class II DQB locus of the mammalian major histocompatibility complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1990) 1.18
The common marmoset: a new world primate species with limited Mhc class II variability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1998) 1.17
Discordant patterns of linkage disequilibrium of the peptide-transporter loci within the HLA class II region. Am J Hum Genet (1995) 1.13
Allelic diversity is generated by intraexon sequence exchange at the DRB1 locus of primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1991) 1.03
A uniquely high level of recombination at the HLA-B locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1994) 0.98
Evolution of major histocompatibility complex class II allelic diversity: direct descent in mice and humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1992) 0.98
Amplification of major histocompatibility complex class II gene diversity by intraexonic recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1991) 0.96
Selection, hitchhiking and disequilibrium analysis at three linked loci with application to HLA data. Genetics (1991) 0.94
HLA class II linkage disequilibrium and haplotype evolution in the Cayapa Indians of Ecuador. Am J Hum Genet (1995) 0.93
Regulatory polymorphisms modulate the expression of HLA class II molecules and promote autoimmunity. Elife (2016) 0.93
Human origins. The molecular perspective. EMBO Rep (2008) 0.89
Sequence diversity, natural selection and linkage disequilibrium in the human T cell receptor alpha/delta locus. Hum Genet (2006) 0.83
Characterization of the MHC class II α-chain gene in ducks. Immunogenetics (2011) 0.81
Genetic variation in the major histocompatibility complex of the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) across distinct phylogeographic areas. Immunogenetics (2014) 0.78
Trans-species polymorphism in humans and the great apes is generally maintained by balancing selection that modulates the host immune response. Hum Genomics (2015) 0.77
Two subsets of HLA-DQA1 alleles mark phenotypic variation in levels of insulin autoantibodies in first degree relatives at risk for insulin-dependent diabetes. J Clin Invest (1994) 0.77
MHC class I diversity in chimpanzees and bonobos. Immunogenetics (2017) 0.75
Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science (1988) 220.77
Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science (1985) 95.08
Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase-catalyzed chain reaction. Methods Enzymol (1987) 58.68
Direct cloning and sequence analysis of enzymatically amplified genomic sequences. Science (1986) 19.54
Generation of single-stranded DNA by the polymerase chain reaction and its application to direct sequencing of the HLA-DQA locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1988) 18.72
Pattern of nucleotide substitution at major histocompatibility complex class I loci reveals overdominant selection. Nature (1988) 15.05
DNA fragments differing by single base-pair substitutions are separated in denaturing gradient gels: correspondence with melting theory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1983) 10.79
DNA typing from single hairs. Nature (1988) 9.32
A hypothetical model of the foreign antigen binding site of class II histocompatibility molecules. Nature (1988) 5.99
An evaluation of the molecular clock hypothesis using mammalian DNA sequences. J Mol Evol (1987) 4.82
Allelic sequence variation of the HLA-DQ loci: relationship to serology and to insulin-dependent diabetes susceptibility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1988) 4.19
Adaptive evolution in the stomach lysozymes of foregut fermenters. Nature (1987) 3.78
Immunological time scale for hominid evolution. Science (1967) 3.76
The molecular clock runs more slowly in man than in apes and monkeys. Nature (1987) 3.42
DNA hybridization evidence of hominoid phylogeny: results from an expanded data set. J Mol Evol (1987) 3.23
HLA-A and B polymorphisms predate the divergence of humans and chimpanzees. Nature (1988) 3.21
MHC polymorphism pre-dating speciation. Nature (1988) 2.70
Origin of major histocompatibility complex polymorphism: the trans-species hypothesis. Hum Immunol (1987) 2.51
Isotypic and allotypic variation of human class II histocompatibility antigen alpha-chain genes. Nature (1984) 2.37
Murine major histocompatibility complex class-I mutants: molecular analysis and structure-function implications. Annu Rev Immunol (1986) 2.29
Structure, sequence and polymorphism in the HLA-D region. Immunol Rev (1985) 2.16
Influence of allelic polymorphism on the assembly and surface expression of class II MHC (Ia) molecules. Cell (1985) 1.78
Allele-specific control of Ia molecule surface expression and conformation: implications for a general model of Ia structure-function relationships. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1987) 1.67
The origin of MHC class II gene polymorphism within the genus Mus. Nature (1988) 1.43
Structure, function, and genetics of human class II molecules. Adv Immunol (1985) 1.39
The descent of hominoids and hominids. Sci Am (1984) 1.27
Analysis of HLA-DP allelic sequence polymorphism using the in vitro enzymatic DNA amplification of DP-alpha and DP-beta loci. J Immunol (1988) 1.26
Biochemical comparison of major histocompatibility complex molecules from different subspecies of Mus musculus: evidence for trans-specific evolution of alleles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1982) 1.21
Shared class II MHC polymorphisms between humans and chimpanzees. Hum Immunol (1989) 1.11
Man's place in Hominoidea as inferred from molecular clocks of DNA. J Mol Evol (1987) 1.09
Nucleotide sequences of immunoglobulin epsilon genes of chimpanzee and orangutan: DNA molecular clock and hominoid evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1987) 1.08
Molecular evolution. How old is a polymorphism? Nature (1988) 0.81
Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science (1988) 220.77
Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science (1985) 95.08
Direct cloning and sequence analysis of enzymatically amplified genomic sequences. Science (1986) 19.54
Generation of single-stranded DNA by the polymerase chain reaction and its application to direct sequencing of the HLA-DQA locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1988) 18.72
Analysis of enzymatically amplified beta-globin and HLA-DQ alpha DNA with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. Nature (1986) 17.77
Amplification and analysis of DNA sequences in single human sperm and diploid cells. Nature (1988) 10.84
Length mutations in human mitochondrial DNA: direct sequencing of enzymatically amplified DNA. Nucleic Acids Res (1987) 10.38
DNA typing from single hairs. Nature (1988) 9.32
Phenotypic expression in E. coli of a DNA sequence coding for mouse dihydrofolate reductase. Nature (1978) 8.76
Characterization of beta-thalassaemia mutations using direct genomic sequencing of amplified single copy DNA. Nature (1987) 8.58
Genetic analysis of amplified DNA with immobilized sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1989) 7.79
Allelic sequence variation of the HLA-DQ loci: relationship to serology and to insulin-dependent diabetes susceptibility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1988) 4.19
Analysis of DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues by enzymatic amplification and hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1987) 4.05
The polymerase chain reaction. Trends Genet (1989) 3.95
Nomenclature for the major histocompatibility complexes of different species: a proposal. Immunogenetics (1990) 3.53
Western Blot analysis of the antigens of Toxoplasma gondii recognized by human IgM and IgG antibodies. J Immunol (1983) 3.53
Lack of association between early exposure to cow's milk protein and beta-cell autoimmunity. Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) JAMA (1996) 3.52
Rapid prenatal diagnosis of sickle cell anemia by a new method of DNA analysis. N Engl J Med (1987) 3.44
A sensitive radioimmunoassay for detecting products translated from cloned DNA fragments. Cell (1978) 3.30
Limited heterogeneity of rearranged T-cell receptor V alpha transcripts in brains of multiple sclerosis patients. Nature (1990) 3.30
Newborn screening for HLA markers associated with IDDM: diabetes autoimmunity study in the young (DAISY). Diabetologia (1996) 3.23
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 2010. Tissue Antigens (2010) 3.22
Analysis of RAS gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia by polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1988) 2.99
The role of HLA class II genes in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: molecular analysis of 180 Caucasian, multiplex families. Am J Hum Genet (1996) 2.90
HLA class II allelic variation and susceptibility to pemphigus vulgaris. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1988) 2.72
High-resolution, high-throughput HLA genotyping by next-generation sequencing. Tissue Antigens (2009) 2.64
Diagnosis of sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia with enzymatically amplified DNA and nonradioactive allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. N Engl J Med (1988) 2.64
Population variation of human mtDNA control region sequences detected by enzymatic amplification and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. Am J Hum Genet (1991) 2.56
Preferential PCR amplification of alleles: mechanisms and solutions. PCR Methods Appl (1992) 2.47
Polymorphism, recombination, and linkage disequilibrium within the HLA class II region. J Immunol (1992) 2.39
Structure, sequence and polymorphism in the HLA-D region. Immunol Rev (1985) 2.16
A multilocus genotyping assay for candidate markers of cardiovascular disease risk. Genome Res (1999) 2.13
Selection for T-cell receptor V beta-D beta-J beta gene rearrangements with specificity for a myelin basic protein peptide in brain lesions of multiple sclerosis. Nature (1993) 2.01
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1990. Tissue Antigens (1991) 1.98
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 2002. Tissue Antigens (2002) 1.89
Recent origin of HLA-DRB1 alleles and implications for human evolution. Nat Genet (1998) 1.89
A multi-site study using high-resolution HLA genotyping by next generation sequencing. Tissue Antigens (2011) 1.81
Relative predispositional effects of HLA class II DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes and genotypes on type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Tissue Antigens (2007) 1.77
A diabetes-susceptible HLA haplotype is best defined by a combination of HLA-DR and -DQ alleles. J Clin Invest (1989) 1.72
The HLA class II locus DPB1 can influence susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Diabetes (2000) 1.69
Quantitative determination of bone marrow transplant engraftment using fluorescent polymerase chain reaction primers for human identity markers. Blood (1995) 1.68
Isolation of a cDNA clone for the human HLA-DR antigen alpha chain by using a synthetic oligonucleotide as a hybridization probe. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1982) 1.64
Multi-locus candidate gene polymorphisms and risk of myocardial infarction: a population-based, prospective genetic analysis. J Thromb Haemost (2006) 1.61
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1991. WHO Nomenclature Committee for factors of the HLA system. Tissue Antigens (1992) 1.58
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 2004. Tissue Antigens (2005) 1.57
Multifactor dimensionality reduction reveals gene-gene interactions associated with multiple sclerosis susceptibility in African Americans. Genes Immun (2006) 1.56
HLA DR-DQ associations with cervical carcinoma show papillomavirus-type specificity. Nat Genet (1994) 1.52
Initiation of protein synthesis in bacteria at a translational start codon of mamalian cDNA: effects of the preceding nucleotide sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1980) 1.51
A method for typing polymorphism at the HLA-A locus using PCR amplification and immobilized oligonucleotide probes. Tissue Antigens (1994) 1.49
T-cell receptor V alpha and C alpha alleles associated with multiple and myasthenia gravis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1989) 1.47
The association of specific HLA class I and II alleles with type 1 diabetes among Filipinos. Tissue Antigens (2002) 1.47
Rapid typing of HLA-DQB1 DNA polymorphism using nonradioactive oligonucleotide probes and amplified DNA. Immunogenetics (1991) 1.45
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1998. Tissue Antigens (1999) 1.40
HLA sequence polymorphism and the origin of humans. Science (1996) 1.39
DNA sequence and characterization of human class II major histocompatibility complex beta chains from the DR1 haplotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1985) 1.39
Molecular genetic analysis of 178 I-Abm12-reactive T cells. J Exp Med (1989) 1.36
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1995. Tissue Antigens (1995) 1.34
High throughput HLA genotyping using 454 sequencing and the Fluidigm Access Array™ System for simplified amplicon library preparation. Tissue Antigens (2013) 1.34
16(th) IHIW : review of HLA typing by NGS. Int J Immunogenet (2013) 1.27
HLA diversity, differentiation, and haplotype evolution in Mesoamerican Natives. Hum Immunol (2001) 1.27
Analysis of HLA-DP allelic sequence polymorphism using the in vitro enzymatic DNA amplification of DP-alpha and DP-beta loci. J Immunol (1988) 1.26
Rapid HLA-DPB typing using enzymatically amplified DNA and nonradioactive sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. Immunogenetics (1990) 1.25
Extended DR3-D6S273-HLA-B haplotypes are associated with increased susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in US Caucasians. Tissue Antigens (2005) 1.25
Immunological detection and characterization of products translated from cloned DNA fragments. Methods Enzymol (1979) 1.25
High-resolution HLA class I typing in the CEPH families: analysis of linkage disequilibrium among HLA loci. Tissue Antigens (2000) 1.23
Transcriptional regulation of HLA class II and invariant chain genes. J Immunol (1985) 1.23
Multi-locus HLA class I and II allele and haplotype associations with follicular lymphoma. Tissue Antigens (2012) 1.22
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 2000. Tissue Antigens (2001) 1.21
Identification of an antigen-specific immunoglobulin M antibody associated with acute Toxoplasma infection. Infect Immun (1983) 1.21
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1994. Tissue Antigens (1994) 1.19
Allelic diversification at the class II DQB locus of the mammalian major histocompatibility complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1990) 1.18
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1996. Tissue Antigens (1997) 1.18
HLA-DQB1*0602 is associated with dominant protection from diabetes even among islet cell antibody-positive first-degree relatives of patients with IDDM. Diabetes (1995) 1.16
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1995. Hum Immunol (1995) 1.16
Next-generation sequencing can reveal in vitro-generated PCR crossover products: some artifactual sequences correspond to HLA alleles in the IMGT/HLA database. Tissue Antigens (2014) 1.15
Human leukocyte antigen class I and II alleles and risk of cervical neoplasia: results from a population-based study in Costa Rica. J Infect Dis (2001) 1.14
DRB1*04 and DQ alleles: expression of 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies and risk of progression to Addison's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1999) 1.14
Association between type 1 diabetes age of onset and HLA among sibling pairs. Diabetes (1999) 1.12
Sequence analysis of the HLA-DR beta and HLA-DQ beta loci from three Pemphigus vulgaris patients. Hum Immunol (1988) 1.12
A specific HLA-DP beta allele is associated with pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis but not adult rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1989) 1.11
Evolution of HLA class II molecules: Allelic and amino acid site variability across populations. Genetics (1999) 1.10
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1989. Tissue Antigens (1990) 1.10
Rapid typing of DNA sequence polymorphism at the HLA-DRB1 locus using the polymerase chain reaction and nonradioactive oligonucleotide probes. Hum Immunol (1991) 1.09
Use of synthetic oligonucleotide probes complementary to genes for human HLA-DR alpha and beta as extension primers for the isolation of 5'-specific genomic clones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1983) 1.09
Modeling of HLA class II susceptibility to Type I diabetes reveals an effect associated with DPB1. Genet Epidemiol (2001) 1.09
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 2000. Eur J Immunogenet (2001) 1.08
Biochemical characterization of an invariant polypeptide associated with Ia antigens in human and mouse. Mol Immunol (1983) 1.08
Mapping of the genes encoding the HLA-DR alpha chain and the HLA-related antigens to a chromosome 6 deletion by using genomic blotting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1983) 1.06
Beta-cell autoantibodies in infants and toddlers without IDDM relatives: diabetes autoimmunity study in the young (DAISY). J Autoimmun (1996) 1.05
Association of susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in Sweden with HLA class II DRB1 and DQB1 alleles. Hum Immunol (1994) 1.03
HLA-D alleles associated with generalized disease, localized disease, and putative immunity in Onchocerca volvulus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1994) 1.03
Allelic diversity is generated by intraexon sequence exchange at the DRB1 locus of primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1991) 1.03
Interaction of an Escherichia coli mutator gene with a deoxyribonucleotide effector. Mol Gen Genet (1980) 1.02
Structural analysis of the HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP alleles on the celiac disease-associated HLA-DR3 (DRw17) haplotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1989) 1.02
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1990. Hum Immunol (1991) 1.01
Use of nonisotopic M13 probes for genetic analysis: application to HLA class II loci. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1986) 1.01
Analysis of HLA class II haplotypes in the Cayapa Indians of Ecuador: a novel DRB1 allele reveals evidence for convergent evolution and balancing selection at position 86. Am J Hum Genet (1994) 1.01
A multilocus genotyping assay for cardiovascular disease. Clin Chem Lab Med (1998) 1.01
Evolution of Pacific/Asian populations inferred from HLA class II allele frequency distributions. Tissue Antigens (2000) 1.00