Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans.

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🔗 View Article (PMC 4170574)

Published in Nature on September 18, 2014

Authors

Iosif Lazaridis1, Nick Patterson2, Alissa Mittnik3, Gabriel Renaud4, Swapan Mallick1, Karola Kirsanow5, Peter H Sudmant6, Joshua G Schraiber7, Sergi Castellano4, Mark Lipson8, Bonnie Berger9, Christos Economou10, Ruth Bollongino5, Qiaomei Fu11, Kirsten I Bos3, Susanne Nordenfelt1, Heng Li1, Cesare de Filippo4, Kay Prüfer4, Susanna Sawyer4, Cosimo Posth3, Wolfgang Haak12, Fredrik Hallgren13, Elin Fornander13, Nadin Rohland1, Dominique Delsate14, Michael Francken15, Jean-Michel Guinet16, Joachim Wahl17, George Ayodo18, Hamza A Babiker19, Graciela Bailliet20, Elena Balanovska21, Oleg Balanovsky22, Ramiro Barrantes23, Gabriel Bedoya24, Haim Ben-Ami25, Judit Bene26, Fouad Berrada27, Claudio M Bravi20, Francesca Brisighelli28, George B J Busby29, Francesco Cali30, Mikhail Churnosov31, David E C Cole32, Daniel Corach33, Larissa Damba34, George van Driem35, Stanislav Dryomov36, Jean-Michel Dugoujon37, Sardana A Fedorova38, Irene Gallego Romero39, Marina Gubina34, Michael Hammer40, Brenna M Henn41, Tor Hervig42, Ugur Hodoglugil43, Aashish R Jha39, Sena Karachanak-Yankova44, Rita Khusainova45, Elza Khusnutdinova45, Rick Kittles46, Toomas Kivisild47, William Klitz48, Vaidutis Kučinskas49, Alena Kushniarevich50, Leila Laredj51, Sergey Litvinov52, Theologos Loukidis53, Robert W Mahley54, Béla Melegh26, Ene Metspalu55, Julio Molina56, Joanna Mountain57, Klemetti Näkkäläjärvi58, Desislava Nesheva44, Thomas Nyambo59, Ludmila Osipova34, Jüri Parik55, Fedor Platonov60, Olga Posukh34, Valentino Romano61, Francisco Rothhammer62, Igor Rudan63, Ruslan Ruizbakiev64, Hovhannes Sahakyan65, Antti Sajantila66, Antonio Salas67, Elena B Starikovskaya36, Ayele Tarekegn68, Draga Toncheva44, Shahlo Turdikulova69, Ingrida Uktveryte49, Olga Utevska70, René Vasquez71, Mercedes Villena71, Mikhail Voevoda72, Cheryl A Winkler73, Levon Yepiskoposyan74, Pierre Zalloua75, Tatijana Zemunik76, Alan Cooper12, Cristian Capelli77, Mark G Thomas78, Andres Ruiz-Linares78, Sarah A Tishkoff79, Lalji Singh80, Kumarasamy Thangaraj81, Richard Villems82, David Comas83, Rem Sukernik36, Mait Metspalu50, Matthias Meyer4, Evan E Eichler84, Joachim Burger5, Montgomery Slatkin48, Svante Pääbo4, Janet Kelso4, David Reich85, Johannes Krause86

Author Affiliations

1: 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
2: Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
3: Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.
4: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
5: Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany.
6: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
7: 1] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. [2] Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA.
8: Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
9: 1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [2] Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
10: Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18, Sweden.
11: 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany. [3] Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing 100049, China.
12: Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
13: The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12, Sweden.
14: 1] National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg. [2] National Center of Archaeological Research, National Museum of History and Art, L-2345, Luxembourg.
15: Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen D-72070, Germany.
16: National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg.
17: State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, Konstanz D-78467, Germany.
18: Center for Global Health and Child Development, Kisumu 40100, Kenya.
19: 1] Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. [2] Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat 123, Oman.
20: Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET &CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO, Argentina.
21: Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia.
22: 1] Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia. [2] Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Moscow 119991, Russia.
23: Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 2060, Costa Rica.
24: Institute of Biology, Research group GENMOL, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
25: Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 31096, Israel.
26: Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
27: Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane (AUI), School of Science and Engineering, Ifrane 53000, Morocco.
28: Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.
29: 1] Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. [2] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
30: Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria SS, Troina 94018, Italy.
31: Belgorod State University, Belgorod 308015, Russia.
32: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L5, Canada.
33: Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 CABA, Argentina.
34: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
35: Institute of Linguistics, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland.
36: Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
37: Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse 31000, France.
38: North-Eastern Federal University and Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk 677013, Russia.
39: Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
40: ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
41: Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.
42: Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway.
43: NextBio, Illumina, Santa Clara, California 95050, USA.
44: Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.
45: 1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia.
46: College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA.
47: Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK.
48: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA.
49: Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania.
50: Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.
51: Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404, France.
52: 1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia. [3] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.
53: 1] Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. [2] Amgen, 33 Kazantzaki Str, Ilioupolis 16342, Athens, Greece (T.L.); Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India (L.S.).
54: Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.
55: Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
56: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
57: Research Department, 23andMe, Mountain View, California 94043, USA.
58: Cultural Anthropology Program, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland.
59: Department of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam 65001, Tanzania.
60: Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 677000, Russia.
61: Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy.
62: 1] Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile. [2] Programa de Genética Humana ICBM Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile. [3] Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto, Arica 1000000, Chile.
63: Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
64: 1] Institute of Immunology, Academy of Science, Tashkent 70000, Uzbekistan. [2].
65: 1] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia. [2] Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.
66: 1] Department of Forensic Medicine, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [2] Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA.
67: Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galcia 15872, Spain.
68: Research Fellow, Henry Stewart Group, Russell House, London WC1A 2HN, UK.
69: Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan.
70: Department of Genetics and Cytology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv 61077, Ukraine.
71: 1] Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 591 2 La Paz, Bolivia. [2] UniversidadAutonoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia.
72: 1] Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [2] Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk 630089, Russia. [3] Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
73: Basic Research Laboratory, NCI, NIH, Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
74: Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.
75: 1] Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut 13-5053, Lebanon. [2] Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
76: Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia.
77: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
78: Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
79: Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
80: 1] CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India. [2] Amgen, 33 Kazantzaki Str, Ilioupolis 16342, Athens, Greece (T.L.); Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India (L.S.).
81: CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
82: 1] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia. [2] Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia. [3] Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn 10130, Estonia.
83: Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
84: 1] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
85: 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
86: 1] Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany. [2] Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany. [3] Max Planck Institut für Geschichte und Naturwissenschaften, Jena 07745, Germany.

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Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a Middle Pleistocene cave bear reconstructed from ultrashort DNA fragments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2013) 2.45

A revised timescale for human evolution based on ancient mitochondrial genomes. Curr Biol (2013) 2.43

DNA analysis of an early modern human from Tianyuan Cave, China. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2013) 2.31

Improving the accuracy and efficiency of identity-by-descent detection in population data. Genetics (2013) 2.26

Ancient DNA reveals key stages in the formation of central European mitochondrial genetic diversity. Science (2013) 2.23

Enhancements to the ADMIXTURE algorithm for individual ancestry estimation. BMC Bioinformatics (2011) 2.16

Derived immune and ancestral pigmentation alleles in a 7,000-year-old Mesolithic European. Nature (2014) 2.09

Gene flow from North Africa contributes to differential human genetic diversity in southern Europe. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2013) 1.77

Genetic evidence for recent population mixture in India. Am J Hum Genet (2013) 1.73

Analysis of high-throughput ancient DNA sequencing data. Methods Mol Biol (2012) 1.67

The Nubian Complex of Dhofar, Oman: an African middle stone age industry in Southern Arabia. PLoS One (2011) 1.31

Efficient moment-based inference of admixture parameters and sources of gene flow. Mol Biol Evol (2013) 1.26

Human paternal and maternal demographic histories: insights from high-resolution Y chromosome and mtDNA sequences. Investig Genet (2014) 1.23

HAPLOFIND: a new method for high-throughput mtDNA haplogroup assignment. Hum Mutat (2013) 1.20

Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe. Genome Res (2012) 1.10

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