Published in N Engl J Med on March 06, 1986
Lifestyle and Chronic Disease in College Alumni (Harvard Alumni Health Study) | NCT00005169
Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet (2012) 20.56
Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. CMAJ (2006) 19.45
Limits to the measurement of habitual physical activity by questionnaires. Br J Sports Med (2003) 6.93
Population based study of social and productive activities as predictors of survival among elderly Americans. BMJ (1999) 5.09
Chronic disability trends in elderly United States populations: 1982-1994. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1997) 4.46
Leisure-time running reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk. J Am Coll Cardiol (2014) 4.19
A systematic review of the evidence for Canada's Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act (2010) 4.05
Exercise in leisure time: coronary attack and death rates. Br Heart J (1990) 4.01
Physical activity and ischaemic heart disease in middle-aged British men. Br Heart J (1991) 3.81
Leisure time spent sitting in relation to total mortality in a prospective cohort of US adults. Am J Epidemiol (2010) 3.64
Effect of exercise on 24-month weight loss maintenance in overweight women. Arch Intern Med (2008) 3.61
Distance between homes and exercise facilities related to frequency of exercise among San Diego residents. Public Health Rep (1990) 3.57
Cost-effectiveness of preparticipation screening for prevention of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. Ann Intern Med (2010) 3.45
Exercise, fitness, and health. BMJ (1992) 3.36
Physical activity and reduced risk of cardiovascular events: potential mediating mechanisms. Circulation (2007) 3.20
Leisure time physical activity and mortality: a detailed pooled analysis of the dose-response relationship. JAMA Intern Med (2015) 2.91
Frequent attendance at religious services and mortality over 28 years. Am J Public Health (1997) 2.73
Explaining educational differences in mortality: the role of behavioral and material factors. Am J Public Health (1999) 2.67
Physical activity and all-cause mortality across levels of overall and abdominal adiposity in European men and women: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study (EPIC). Am J Clin Nutr (2015) 2.63
The green prescription study: a randomized controlled trial of written exercise advice provided by general practitioners. Am J Public Health (1998) 2.59
Independent associations of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with metabolic risk factors in children: the European youth heart study. Diabetologia (2007) 2.50
A cost-effectiveness analysis of exercise as a health promotion activity. Am J Public Health (1988) 2.46
Leisure time physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity and mortality: a large pooled cohort analysis. PLoS Med (2012) 2.45
Effect of a lifestyle intervention on change in cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with type 2 diabetes: results from the Look AHEAD Study. Int J Obes (Lond) (2009) 2.32
Leisure-time physical activity and all-cause mortality in an elderly cohort. Epidemiology (2009) 2.29
Personality predictors of longevity: activity, emotional stability, and conscientiousness. Psychosom Med (2008) 2.19
Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Compr Physiol (2012) 2.19
Walking and cycling to health: a comparative analysis of city, state, and international data. Am J Public Health (2010) 2.18
Exercise training amount and intensity effects on metabolic syndrome (from Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise). Am J Cardiol (2007) 2.14
Physical activity at 36 years: patterns and childhood predictors in a longitudinal study. J Epidemiol Community Health (1992) 2.11
Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and health: paradigm paralysis or paradigm shift? Diabetes (2010) 2.05
Acute exercise and oxidative stress: a 30 year history. Dyn Med (2009) 2.02
Predicting energy expenditure of physical activity using hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers. Diabetes Technol Ther (2003) 2.02
Physical activity during daily life and mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Circulation (2006) 2.02
Effect of a stepped-care intervention approach on weight loss in adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA (2012) 2.02
Rheumatoid cachexia: cytokine-driven hypermetabolism accompanying reduced body cell mass in chronic inflammation. J Clin Invest (1994) 2.01
Importance of hemodynamic forces as signals for exercise-induced changes in endothelial cell phenotype. J Appl Physiol (1985) (2007) 2.01
Physical activity and risk of recurrence and mortality in breast cancer survivors: findings from the LACE study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev (2009) 1.95
Sedentary behavior and health outcomes: an overview of systematic reviews. PLoS One (2014) 1.88
Long term health implications of fitness and physical activity patterns. Arch Dis Child (1991) 1.86
Issues in conducting epidemiologic research among elders: lessons from the MOBILIZE Boston Study. Am J Epidemiol (2008) 1.83
Extending the concept of social validity: behavior analysis for disease prevention and health promotion. J Appl Behav Anal (1991) 1.82
Self reported physical activity, public health, and perceived environment: results from a comparative European study. J Epidemiol Community Health (2001) 1.80
Causes of death in autism. J Autism Dev Disord (2001) 1.80
What level of physical activity protects against premature cardiovascular death? The Caerphilly study. Heart (2003) 1.79
Physical activity and mortality: a prospective study among women. Am J Public Health (2001) 1.78
The aging of elite male athletes: age-related changes in performance and skeletal muscle structure and function. Clin J Sport Med (2008) 1.75
Competitive sports and the heart: benefit or risk? Dtsch Arztebl Int (2013) 1.75
Parent and child physical activity and sedentary time: do active parents foster active children? BMC Public Health (2010) 1.74
Habitual physical activity measured by accelerometer and survival in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol (2012) 1.71
Glaucoma and disability: which tasks are affected, and at what stage of disease? Curr Opin Ophthalmol (2009) 1.70
Risk due to inactivity in physically capable older adults. Am J Public Health (1993) 1.69
The effects of workplace health promotion on absenteeism and employment costs in a large industrial population. Am J Public Health (1990) 1.63
Physical activity to prevent cardiovascular disease. How much is enough? Can Fam Physician (2002) 1.62
Does practicing hatha yoga satisfy recommendations for intensity of physical activity which improves and maintains health and cardiovascular fitness? BMC Complement Altern Med (2007) 1.59
Impact of lifelong exercise "dose" on left ventricular compliance and distensibility. J Am Coll Cardiol (2014) 1.56
Relationship between physical activity level, telomere length, and telomerase activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc (2008) 1.55
Objectively Measured Daily Steps and Subsequent Long Term All-Cause Mortality: The Tasped Prospective Cohort Study. PLoS One (2015) 1.52
A randomized controlled trial of positive-affect induction to promote physical activity after percutaneous coronary intervention. Arch Intern Med (2012) 1.52
Impact of inactivity and exercise on the vasculature in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol (2009) 1.49
Ventilatory function, height, and mortality among lifelong non-smokers. J Epidemiol Community Health (1992) 1.48
Patterns of ambulatory activity in subjects with and without intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg (2007) 1.47
Lifestyle intervention improves fitness independent of metformin in obese adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc (2012) 1.43
The association of proximal femoral shape and incident radiographic hip OA in elderly women. Osteoarthritis Cartilage (2009) 1.41
Retracted Prevalence and association of physical activity with obesity: an urban, community-based, cross-sectional study. Indian J Community Med (2015) 1.39
Physical activity patterns associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and reduced mortality: the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Am J Public Health (1998) 1.36
Physical activity and coronary heart disease in middle-aged and elderly men: the Honolulu Heart Program. Am J Public Health (1988) 1.35
Aspects of psychology in sports medicine. Br J Sports Med (1991) 1.35
Impact of shear rate modulation on vascular function in humans. Hypertension (2009) 1.31
Social, behavioral, and biological factors, and sex differences in mortality. Demography (2010) 1.31
The comparison of a technology-based system and an in-person behavioral weight loss intervention. Obesity (Silver Spring) (2011) 1.29
A systematic review of physical activity promotion in primary care office settings. Br J Sports Med (1998) 1.29
Cardio-respiratory fitness of young and older active and sedentary men. Br J Sports Med (1988) 1.28
Operationalizing diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease and other age-related cognitive impairment-Part 1. Alzheimers Dement (2011) 1.26
Epidemiology of physical activity in American Indians in the Education and Research Towards Health cohort. Am J Prev Med (2009) 1.25
Estimating absolute and relative physical activity intensity across age via accelerometry in adults. J Aging Phys Act (2010) 1.25
Vascular effects of exercise: endothelial adaptations beyond active muscle beds. Physiology (Bethesda) (2011) 1.24
Activity patterns of obese adults with type 2 diabetes in the look AHEAD study. Med Sci Sports Exerc (2010) 1.24
Validity and reliability of korean version of international physical activity questionnaire short form in the elderly. Korean J Fam Med (2012) 1.23
Updating the mitochondrial free radical theory of aging: an integrated view, key aspects, and confounding concepts. Antioxid Redox Signal (2013) 1.20
Promoting health and function in an ageing population. BMJ (2001) 1.20
Exercise and the cardiovascular system: clinical science and cardiovascular outcomes. Circ Res (2015) 1.20
Evaluating Active U: an Internet-mediated physical activity program. BMC Public Health (2009) 1.18
Lung function profiles and aerobic capacity of adult cigarette and hookah smokers after 12 weeks intermittent training. Libyan J Med (2015) 1.17
Body mass index and risk of incident hypertension over the life course: the Johns Hopkins Precursors Study. Circulation (2012) 1.17
The external costs of a sedentary life-style. Am J Public Health (1989) 1.16
Physical inactivity as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a WHO and International Society and Federation of Cardiology position statement. Bull World Health Organ (1994) 1.15
The "weekend warrior": fact or fiction for major trauma? Can J Surg (2014) 1.15
Effects of long-term moderate exercise and increase in number of daily steps on serum lipids in women: randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN21921919]. BMC Womens Health (2002) 1.14
The Tromsø study: physical fitness, self reported physical activity, and their relationship to other coronary risk factors. J Epidemiol Community Health (1992) 1.14
Left ventricular mechanics in humans with high aerobic fitness: adaptation independent of structural remodelling, arterial haemodynamics and heart rate. J Physiol (2012) 1.12
High prevalence of arrhythmias in elderly male athletes with a lifelong history of regular strenuous exercise. Heart (1998) 1.12
Diabetes and exercise. Br J Sports Med (1999) 1.12
Definition and prevalence of sedentarism in an urban population. Am J Public Health (1999) 1.12
Blaming the victim: the negative consequence of preventive medicine. Am J Public Health (1990) 1.11
Feasibility of adding enhanced pedometer feedback to nutritional counseling for weight loss. J Med Internet Res (2005) 1.11
What is the magnitude of blood pressure response to a programme of moderate intensity exercise? Randomised controlled trial among sedentary adults with unmedicated hypertension. Br J Gen Pract (2000) 1.09
Genetic susceptibility to peripheral arterial disease: a dark corner in vascular biology. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol (2007) 1.09
Acute phase responses and cytokine secretion in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Immunol (1999) 1.07
Advancing the future of physical activity guidelines in Canada: an independent expert panel interpretation of the evidence. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act (2010) 1.07
Compendium of physical activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities. Med Sci Sports Exerc (1993) 19.40
Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women. JAMA (1989) 14.34
Physical activity as an index of heart attack risk in college alumni. Am J Epidemiol (1978) 11.61
Physical activity assessment methodology in the Five-City Project. Am J Epidemiol (1985) 7.90
The association of changes in physical-activity level and other lifestyle characteristics with mortality among men. N Engl J Med (1993) 7.69
Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med (1991) 7.64
Influences of cardiorespiratory fitness and other precursors on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in men and women. JAMA (1996) 7.45
Changes in physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy and unhealthy men. JAMA (1995) 7.14
Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA (1997) 6.92
An overview of randomized trials of rehabilitation with exercise after myocardial infarction. Circulation (1989) 6.87
Assessment of habitual physical activity by a seven-day recall in a community survey and controlled experiments. Am J Epidemiol (1985) 6.10
Relationship between low cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality in normal-weight, overweight, and obese men. JAMA (1999) 4.90
Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of NIDDM in men. Diabetes Care (1997) 4.46
Evidence of prenatal influences on breast cancer risk. Lancet (1992) 4.25
Heart rate and cardiovascular mortality: the Framingham Study. Am Heart J (1987) 4.12
Parity, age at first childbirth, and risk of ovarian cancer. Lancet (1994) 3.48
Exercise intensity and longevity in men. The Harvard Alumni Health Study. JAMA (1995) 3.41
A natural history of athleticism and cardiovascular health. JAMA (1984) 3.14
Measurement of physical activity to assess health effects in free-living populations. Med Sci Sports Exerc (1993) 3.10
Reduced rate of disease development after HIV-2 infection as compared to HIV-1. Science (1994) 3.10
Associations of light, moderate, and vigorous intensity physical activity with longevity. The Harvard Alumni Health Study. Am J Epidemiol (2000) 3.05
Comparison of National Death Index and World Wide Web death searches. Am J Epidemiol (2000) 3.05
Work activity and coronary heart mortality. N Engl J Med (1975) 2.86
Green tea and the risk of gastric cancer in Japan. N Engl J Med (2001) 2.82
A mail survey of physical activity habits as related to measured physical fitness. Am J Epidemiol (1988) 2.72
Physical activity and coronary heart disease in men: The Harvard Alumni Health Study. Circulation (2000) 2.70
Determinants of physical activity and interventions in adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc (1992) 2.66
Body weight and mortality. A 27-year follow-up of middle-aged men. JAMA (1993) 2.65
Physical activity and incidence of hypertension in college alumni. Am J Epidemiol (1983) 2.62
Accuracy of the College Alumnus Physical Activity Questionnaire. J Clin Epidemiol (1993) 2.60
Slower heterosexual spread of HIV-2 than HIV-1. Lancet (1994) 2.46
Physical activity and stroke incidence: the Harvard Alumni Health Study. Stroke (1998) 2.33
Maternal pregnancy hormone levels in an area with a high incidence (Boston, USA) and in an area with a low incidence (Shanghai, China) of breast cancer. Br J Cancer (1999) 2.31
Chronic disease in former college students. I. Early precursors of fatal coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol (1966) 2.18
Oral contraceptives as related to cancer and benign lesions of the breast. J Natl Cancer Inst (1975) 2.05
Assessment methods for physical activity and physical fitness in population studies: report of a NHLBI workshop. Am Heart J (1986) 2.01
Intrauterine environment and breast cancer risk in women: a population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst (1997) 1.98
Vegetables, fruits, legumes and prostate cancer: a multiethnic case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev (2000) 1.96
Outcome of antenatally diagnosed cardiac rhabdomyoma: case series and a meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol (2008) 1.89
How much physical activity is good for health? Annu Rev Public Health (1992) 1.88
Physical activity and all cause mortality in women: a review of the evidence. Br J Sports Med (2002) 1.87
Change in body weight and longevity. JAMA (1992) 1.86
Physical activity and coronary heart disease risk in men: does the duration of exercise episodes predict risk? Circulation (2000) 1.82
Absence of leukaemia clustering on Greek islands. Lancet (1991) 1.80
Workshop on Epidemiologic and Public Health Aspects of Physical Activity and Exercise: a summary. Public Health Rep (1985) 1.78
Use of acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a prospective study and the risk of symptomatic diverticular disease in men. Arch Fam Med (1998) 1.78
Physical activity and risk of developing colorectal cancer among college alumni. J Natl Cancer Inst (1991) 1.76
Chronic disease in former college students. 3. Precursors of suicide in early and middle life. Am J Public Health Nations Health (1966) 1.74
Risk factors associated with the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among sanitary workers in Shanghai. Tubercle (1988) 1.72
Characteristics in youth predisposing to fatal stroke in later years. Lancet (1967) 1.69
Epidemiologic aspects of gallbladder cancer: a case-control study of the SEARCH Program of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst (1997) 1.68
Prospective study of physical activity and the risk of symptomatic diverticular disease in men. Gut (1995) 1.67
Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and their interaction in the causation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer (2000) 1.67
A prospective study of diet and the risk of symptomatic diverticular disease in men. Am J Clin Nutr (1994) 1.66
Age at any birth and breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer (1983) 1.65
Characteristics that predict risk of breast cancer before and after the menopause. Am J Epidemiol (1980) 1.64
Chronic disease in former college students. II. Methods of study and observations on mortality from coronary heart disease. Am J Public Health Nations Health (1966) 1.58
The fluctuating phenotype of the lymphohematopoietic stem cell with cell cycle transit. J Exp Med (1998) 1.57
Physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged and older women. Am J Epidemiol (1999) 1.57
Reproductive variables, tobacco, ethanol, coffee and somatometry as risk factors for ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer (1993) 1.56
Exercise in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Prev Med (1984) 1.55
Obesity and renal cell cancer--a quantitative review. Br J Cancer (2001) 1.51
Work activity of longshoremen as related to death from coronary heart disease and stroke. N Engl J Med (1970) 1.49
Tobacco, ethanol, coffee, pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, and cholelithiasis as risk factors for pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer Causes Control (1993) 1.49
Diet and coronary heart disease: a case-control study in Athens, Greece. Epidemiology (1993) 1.47
Chronic disease in former college students. XVII. Sociocultural mobility as a precursor of coronary heart disease and hypertension. Am J Epidemiol (1978) 1.46
Testicular nonseminoma and seminoma in relation to perinatal characteristics. J Natl Cancer Inst (1996) 1.44
Chronic disease in former college students. X. The effects of single and multiple characteristics on risk of fatal coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol (1969) 1.44
Serum androgens and sex hormone-binding globulins in relation to lifestyle factors in older African-American, white, and Asian men in the United States and Canada. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev (1996) 1.44
Protective effect of green tea on the risks of chronic gastritis and stomach cancer. Int J Cancer (2001) 1.43
The relation of physical activity to risk for symptomatic gallstone disease in men. Ann Intern Med (1998) 1.43
Cancer risk as related to use of oral contraceptives during fertile years. Cancer (1977) 1.42
Evidence for posttranscriptional regulation of C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta isoform expression during the lipopolysaccharide-mediated acute-phase response. Mol Cell Biol (1996) 1.42
Chronic disease in former college students; 13. Early precursors of peptic ulcer. Am J Epidemiol (1974) 1.40
Physical activity and incidence of cancer in diverse populations: a preliminary report. Am J Clin Nutr (1987) 1.40
Parity, age at first and last birth, and risk of breast cancer: a population-based study in Sweden. Breast Cancer Res Treat (1996) 1.39
Physical exercise and reduced risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction. Am J Epidemiol (1995) 1.37
Energy expenditure, cigarette smoking, and blood pressure level as related to death from specific diseases. Am J Epidemiol (1978) 1.36
Chronic disease in former college students. VIII. Characteristics in youth predisposing to hypertension in later years. Am J Epidemiol (1968) 1.36
Regulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta isoform synthesis by alternative translational initiation at multiple AUG start sites. Nucleic Acids Res (2001) 1.36
Organochlorine compounds in relation to breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and endometriosis: an assessment of the biological and epidemiological evidence. Crit Rev Toxicol (1995) 1.35
Time trends in physical activity among college alumni, 1962-1988. Am J Epidemiol (1992) 1.35
Prevalence and risk determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in west African female prostitutes. Am J Epidemiol (1992) 1.34