Changes in the conformation of influenza virus hemagglutinin at the pH optimum of virus-mediated membrane fusion.

PubWeight™: 7.34‹?› | Rank: Top 0.1%

🔗 View Article (PMC 345880)

Published in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A on February 01, 1982

Authors

J J Skehel, P M Bayley, E B Brown, S R Martin, M D Waterfield, J M White, I A Wilson, D C Wiley

Articles citing this

(truncated to the top 100)

Antibody recognition of a highly conserved influenza virus epitope. Science (2009) 11.26

Conformational changes induced in the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein by soluble CD4 binding. J Exp Med (1991) 9.28

Viral membrane fusion. Nat Struct Mol Biol (2008) 8.54

A common neutralizing epitope conserved between the hemagglutinins of influenza A virus H1 and H2 strains. J Virol (1993) 6.26

Cell-induced conformational change in poliovirus: externalization of the amino terminus of VP1 is responsible for liposome binding. J Virol (1990) 6.24

Assembly of influenza hemagglutinin trimers and its role in intracellular transport. J Cell Biol (1986) 4.93

A carbohydrate side chain on hemagglutinins of Hong Kong influenza viruses inhibits recognition by a monoclonal antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1984) 4.37

Processing of the Ebola virus glycoprotein by the proprotein convertase furin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1998) 4.33

Conformational changes induced in the envelope glycoproteins of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses by soluble receptor binding. J Virol (1993) 4.22

Human immunodeficiency virus infection of CD4-bearing cells occurs by a pH-independent mechanism. EMBO J (1988) 3.98

N- and C-terminal residues combine in the fusion-pH influenza hemagglutinin HA(2) subunit to form an N cap that terminates the triple-stranded coiled coil. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1999) 3.90

Three-dimensional solution structure of the 44 kDa ectodomain of SIV gp41. EMBO J (1998) 3.77

Influenza hemagglutinin is spring-loaded by a metastable native conformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1997) 3.57

Studies on the mechanism of membrane fusion: site-specific mutagenesis of the hemagglutinin of influenza virus. J Cell Biol (1986) 3.56

Anti-peptide antibodies detect steps in a protein conformational change: low-pH activation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin. J Cell Biol (1987) 3.52

Intermediates in influenza induced membrane fusion. EMBO J (1990) 3.24

pH-induced alterations in the fusogenic spike protein of Semliki Forest virus. J Cell Biol (1985) 2.98

Specific structural alteration of the influenza haemagglutinin by amantadine. EMBO J (1990) 2.93

The entry of enveloped viruses into cells by endocytosis. Biochem J (1984) 2.83

Fusion protein of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5: nucleotide sequence of mRNA predicts a highly hydrophobic glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1984) 2.82

Quaternary structure of influenza virus hemagglutinin after acid treatment. J Virol (1986) 2.54

Transglutaminase 2 undergoes a large conformational change upon activation. PLoS Biol (2007) 2.53

Posttranslational oligomerization and cooperative acid activation of mixed influenza hemagglutinin trimers. J Cell Biol (1988) 2.48

Retroviral retargeting by envelopes expressing an N-terminal binding domain. J Virol (1995) 2.36

A view of acidic intracellular compartments. J Cell Biol (1988) 2.35

Single-particle kinetics of influenza virus membrane fusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2008) 2.32

Influenza virus M2 protein ion channel activity stabilizes the native form of fowl plague virus hemagglutinin during intracellular transport. J Virol (1994) 2.31

Membrane fusion mutants of Semliki Forest virus. J Cell Biol (1984) 2.27

A soluble domain of the membrane-anchoring chain of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA2) folds in Escherichia coli into the low-pH-induced conformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1995) 2.24

Variation and infectivity neutralization in influenza. Immunology (2006) 2.23

The ectodomain of HIV-1 env subunit gp41 forms a soluble, alpha-helical, rod-like oligomer in the absence of gp120 and the N-terminal fusion peptide. EMBO J (1996) 2.21

Activation of a retroviral membrane fusion protein: soluble receptor-induced liposome binding of the ALSV envelope glycoprotein. J Cell Biol (1997) 2.21

Hemolytic activity of influenza virus hemagglutinin glycoproteins activated in mildly acidic environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1983) 2.20

Rescue of vector-expressed fowl plague virus hemagglutinin in biologically active form by acidotropic agents and coexpressed M2 protein. J Virol (1994) 2.17

Alteration of the pH dependence of coronavirus-induced cell fusion: effect of mutations in the spike glycoprotein. J Virol (1991) 2.16

Involvement of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry. J Virol (2005) 2.12

Target cell-specific determinants of membrane fusion within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 third variable region and gp41 amino terminus. J Virol (1992) 2.12

Cell surface expression of fusogenic vesicular stomatitis virus G protein from cloned cDNA. EMBO J (1984) 2.10

Infectious entry pathway of adenovirus type 2. J Virol (1991) 2.06

Expression of Semliki Forest virus proteins from cloned complementary DNA. I. The fusion activity of the spike glycoprotein. J Cell Biol (1983) 2.03

Variant influenza virus hemagglutinin that induces fusion at elevated pH. J Virol (1986) 2.00

Rescue of a synthetic chloramphenicol acetyltransferase RNA into influenza virus-like particles obtained from recombinant plasmids. J Virol (1996) 1.98

Studies of the membrane fusion activities of fusion peptide mutants of influenza virus hemagglutinin. J Virol (1995) 1.96

Conformational changes in Sindbis virus envelope proteins accompanying exposure to low pH. J Virol (1983) 1.94

Conformational changes and fusion activity of influenza virus hemagglutinin of the H2 and H3 subtypes: effects of acid pretreatment. J Virol (1990) 1.91

A proline-rich motif downstream of the receptor binding domain modulates conformation and fusogenicity of murine retroviral envelopes. J Virol (1998) 1.89

Electron microscopy of the low pH structure of influenza virus haemagglutinin. EMBO J (1986) 1.87

Delay time for influenza virus hemagglutinin-induced membrane fusion depends on hemagglutinin surface density. J Virol (1991) 1.87

Trypsin sensitivity of the Sabin strain of type 1 poliovirus: cleavage sites in virions and related particles. J Virol (1985) 1.84

The ion channel activity of the influenza virus M2 protein affects transport through the Golgi apparatus. J Cell Biol (1996) 1.83

Analysis of residues near the fusion peptide in the influenza hemagglutinin structure for roles in triggering membrane fusion. Virology (2007) 1.83

A molecular description of nerve terminal function. Annu Rev Biochem (1983) 1.82

A conformational change in Sindbis virus glycoproteins E1 and E2 is detected at the plasma membrane as a consequence of early virus-cell interaction. J Virol (1990) 1.81

Amantadine selection of a mutant influenza virus containing an acid-stable hemagglutinin glycoprotein: evidence for virus-specific regulation of the pH of glycoprotein transport vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1991) 1.79

Inactivated influenza virus, when presented on dendritic cells, elicits human CD8+ cytolytic T cell responses. J Exp Med (1995) 1.78

The cell biology of receptor-mediated virus entry. J Cell Biol (2011) 1.75

Electron microscopy of antibody complexes of influenza virus haemagglutinin in the fusion pH conformation. EMBO J (1995) 1.74

Most influenza A virus-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes react with antigenic epitopes associated with internal virus determinants. J Exp Med (1984) 1.71

Coronavirus cell entry occurs through the endo-/lysosomal pathway in a proteolysis-dependent manner. PLoS Pathog (2014) 1.69

Physicochemical dissociation of CD4-mediated syncytium formation and shedding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120. J Virol (1993) 1.68

Sorting and endocytosis of viral glycoproteins in transfected polarized epithelial cells. J Cell Biol (1986) 1.66

Intermonomer disulfide bonds impair the fusion activity of influenza virus hemagglutinin. J Virol (1992) 1.59

Monoclonal anti-hemagglutinin antibodies detect irreversible antigenic alterations that coincide with the acid activation of influenza virus A/PR/834-mediated hemolysis. J Virol (1983) 1.59

The central structural feature of the membrane fusion protein subunit from the Ebola virus glycoprotein is a long triple-stranded coiled coil. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1998) 1.58

Endocytosis is a critical step in entry of subgroup B avian leukosis viruses. J Virol (2002) 1.57

Epidermal growth factor binding induces a conformational change in the external domain of its receptor. EMBO J (1989) 1.56

Influenza A virus hemagglutinin trimerization completes monomer folding and antigenicity. J Virol (2013) 1.56

The influenza hemagglutinin precursor as an acid-sensitive probe of the biosynthetic pathway. EMBO J (1987) 1.54

Herpesvirus-induced cell fusion that is dependent on cell surface heparan sulfate or soluble heparin. J Virol (1994) 1.53

Control of baculovirus gp64-induced syncytium formation by membrane lipid composition. J Virol (1995) 1.51

Addition of carbohydrate side chains at novel sites on influenza virus hemagglutinin can modulate the folding, transport, and activity of the molecule. J Cell Biol (1988) 1.50

Antigenic structure of human respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein. J Virol (1998) 1.50

Cathepsin cleavage potentiates the Ebola virus glycoprotein to undergo a subsequent fusion-relevant conformational change. J Virol (2011) 1.46

Truncation of the COOH-terminal region of the paramyxovirus SV5 fusion protein leads to hemifusion but not complete fusion. J Cell Biol (1996) 1.44

Enhanced immunogenicity of stabilized trimeric soluble influenza hemagglutinin. PLoS One (2010) 1.44

Studies using double mutants of the conformational transitions in influenza hemagglutinin required for its membrane fusion activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1996) 1.43

Architecture of a nascent viral fusion pore. EMBO J (2010) 1.42

Novel inhibitors of influenza virus fusion: structure-activity relationship and interaction with the viral hemagglutinin. J Virol (2010) 1.42

Reversible conformational changes and fusion activity of rabies virus glycoprotein. J Virol (1991) 1.41

Low-pH conformational changes of rabies virus glycoprotein and their role in membrane fusion. J Virol (1993) 1.40

Minimal aggregate size and minimal fusion unit for the first fusion pore of influenza hemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion. Biophys J (2000) 1.40

Conserved epitopes of influenza A virus inducing protective immunity and their prospects for universal vaccine development. Virol J (2010) 1.39

Membrane fusion mediated by coiled coils: a hypothesis. Biophys J (2000) 1.38

Thiol/disulfide exchange is required for membrane fusion directed by the Newcastle disease virus fusion protein. J Virol (2006) 1.38

Conformational change of the coronavirus peplomer glycoprotein at pH 8.0 and 37 degrees C correlates with virus aggregation and virus-induced cell fusion. J Virol (1990) 1.37

A fusion-defective mutant of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. J Virol (1990) 1.37

Spike protein oligomerization control of Semliki Forest virus fusion. J Virol (1990) 1.34

Morphological changes and fusogenic activity of influenza virus hemagglutinin. Biophys J (1998) 1.34

Conformational states of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein ectodomain. J Virol (2006) 1.34

Inhibition of proteolytic cleavage of the hemagglutinin of influenza virus by the calcium-specific ionophore A23187. EMBO J (1984) 1.32

Formation and characterization of the trimeric form of the fusion protein of Semliki Forest Virus. J Virol (2000) 1.31

Structure-based identification of an inducer of the low-pH conformational change in the influenza virus hemagglutinin: irreversible inhibition of infectivity. J Virol (1997) 1.29

Monoclonal antibodies detect different forms of influenza virus hemagglutinin during viral penetration and biosynthesis. J Virol (1985) 1.28

Enzyme digests eliminate nonfunctional Env from HIV-1 particle surfaces, leaving native Env trimers intact and viral infectivity unaffected. J Virol (2011) 1.27

Targeting B cell responses in universal influenza vaccine design. Trends Immunol (2011) 1.27

Generation of a water-soluble oligomeric ectodomain of the Rous sarcoma virus envelope glycoprotein. J Virol (1993) 1.25

Influenza hemagglutinin assumes a tilted conformation during membrane fusion as determined by attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy. EMBO J (1995) 1.24

Toll-like receptor-mediated activation of neutrophils by influenza A virus. Blood (2008) 1.24

Identification of eight determinants in the hemagglutinin molecule of influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) which are recognized by class II-restricted T cells from BALB/c mice. J Virol (1991) 1.24

Studies on influenza haemagglutinin fusion peptide mutants generated by reverse genetics. EMBO J (2001) 1.23

Articles cited by this

Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature (1970) 1528.65

A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem (1976) 903.81

Structure of the haemagglutinin membrane glycoprotein of influenza virus at 3 A resolution. Nature (1981) 24.17

On the entry of Semliki forest virus into BHK-21 cells. J Cell Biol (1980) 11.05

Identification of biological activities of paramyxovirus glycoproteins. Activation of cell fusion, hemolysis, and infectivity of proteolytic cleavage of an inactive precursor protein of Sendai virus. Virology (1974) 10.44

Future influenza vaccines and the use of genetic recombinants. Bull World Health Organ (1969) 8.31

Activation of influenza A viruses by trypsin treatment. Virology (1975) 8.07

Cell fusion by Semliki Forest, influenza, and vesicular stomatitis viruses. J Cell Biol (1981) 7.07

Enhancement of the infectivity of influenza A and B viruses by proteolytic cleavage of the hemagglutinin polypeptide. Virology (1975) 6.90

Crystalline antigen from the influenza virus envelope. Nat New Biol (1972) 5.77

Antigenic drift between the haemagglutinin of the Hong Kong influenza strains A/Aichi/2/68 and A/Victoria/3/75. Nature (1980) 5.25

pH-dependent fusion between the Semliki Forest virus membrane and liposomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1980) 5.21

Two disulfide-linked polypeptide chains constitute the active F protein of paramyxoviruses. Virology (1977) 4.33

Fatty acid binding to vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein: a new type of post-translational modification of the viral glycoprotein. Cell (1979) 3.87

The polypeptide composition of influenza A viruses. Virology (1971) 3.79

Reconstitution of Semliki forest virus membrane. J Cell Biol (1977) 3.68

Specific inhibition of paramyxovirus and myxovirus replication by oligopeptides with amino acid sequences similar to those at the N-termini of the F1 or HA2 viral polypeptides. Virology (1980) 3.53

Evidence for covalent attachment of fatty acids to Sindbis virus glycoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1979) 3.46

Purification of the fusion protein of Sendai virus: analysis of the NH2-terminal sequence generated during precursor activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1978) 3.42

Activation of influenza virus by acidic media causes hemolysis and fusion of erythrocytes. FEBS Lett (1980) 3.27

Studies on the primary structure of the influenza virus hemagglutinin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1975) 2.88

The size and detergent binding of membrane proteins. J Biol Chem (1975) 2.82

Influenza viruses cause hemolysis and fusion of cells. Virology (1981) 2.73

Fusion and haemolysis of erythrocytes caused by three togaviruses: Semliki Forest, Sindbis and rubella. J Gen Virol (1980) 1.77

Active site and catalytic mechanism of phospholipase A2. Nature (1981) 1.58

Disulphide bonds of haemagglutinin of Asian influenza virus. Nature (1981) 1.35

Completion of the amino acid sequence of a Hong Kong influenza hemagglutinin heavy chain: sequence of cyanogen bromide fragment CN1. Virology (1980) 1.21

Conformation and assembly characteristics of tubulin and microtubule protein from bovine brain. Biochemistry (1981) 1.10

The synthesis of phosphoglycerides and some biochemical applications. Adv Lipid Res (1964) 1.00

The conformation of influenza virus haemagglutinin. FEBS Lett (1977) 0.98

Articles by these authors

Structure of the haemagglutinin membrane glycoprotein of influenza virus at 3 A resolution. Nature (1981) 24.17

HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5. Nature (1996) 20.59

Receptor binding and membrane fusion in virus entry: the influenza hemagglutinin. Annu Rev Biochem (2000) 19.03

Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection. Cell (1996) 17.81

Atomic structure of the ectodomain from HIV-1 gp41. Nature (1997) 16.31

Structural identification of the antibody-binding sites of Hong Kong influenza haemagglutinin and their involvement in antigenic variation. Nature (1981) 15.85

Structure of influenza haemagglutinin at the pH of membrane fusion. Nature (1994) 14.61

Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2. Nature (1987) 14.54

Close similarity of epidermal growth factor receptor and v-erb-B oncogene protein sequences. Nature (1984) 14.21

Purification of a RAS-responsive adenylyl cyclase complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by use of an epitope addition method. Mol Cell Biol (1988) 13.78

The foreign antigen binding site and T cell recognition regions of class I histocompatibility antigens. Nature (1987) 12.43

The structure and function of the hemagglutinin membrane glycoprotein of influenza virus. Annu Rev Biochem (1987) 11.99

IFNgamma and lymphocytes prevent primary tumour development and shape tumour immunogenicity. Nature (2001) 11.03

The structure of an antigenic determinant in a protein. Cell (1984) 10.85

Targeted disruption of the Stat1 gene in mice reveals unexpected physiologic specificity in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Cell (1996) 10.49

Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase as a direct target of Ras. Nature (1994) 10.34

Three-dimensional structure of the human class II histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR1. Nature (1993) 8.75

Platelet-derived growth factor is structurally related to the putative transforming protein p28sis of simian sarcoma virus. Nature (1983) 8.60

Synthesis and function of 3-phosphorylated inositol lipids. Annu Rev Biochem (2001) 8.47

Structure of the influenza virus haemagglutinin complexed with its receptor, sialic acid. Nature (1988) 8.32

Single amino acid substitutions in influenza haemagglutinin change receptor binding specificity. Nature (1983) 8.28

Amplification, enhanced expression and possible rearrangement of EGF receptor gene in primary human brain tumours of glial origin. Nature (1985) 8.23

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase encoded by yeast VPS34 gene essential for protein sorting. Science (1993) 7.86

The structure and receptor binding properties of the 1918 influenza hemagglutinin. Science (2004) 7.74

Crystal structure of the human class II MHC protein HLA-DR1 complexed with an influenza virus peptide. Nature (1994) 7.13

The molecular basis of the specific anti-influenza action of amantadine. EMBO J (1985) 7.08

Role of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase in cell transformation and control of the actin cytoskeleton by Ras. Cell (1997) 6.55

Structure of the complex between human T-cell receptor, viral peptide and HLA-A2. Nature (1996) 6.20

Multiple, distinct forms of bovine and human protein kinase C suggest diversity in cellular signaling pathways. Science (1986) 6.10

A hypothetical model of the foreign antigen binding site of class II histocompatibility molecules. Nature (1988) 5.99

An alphabeta T cell receptor structure at 2.5 A and its orientation in the TCR-MHC complex. Science (1996) 5.93

X-ray structures of H5 avian and H9 swine influenza virus hemagglutinins bound to avian and human receptor analogs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2001) 5.92

Virus-cell and cell-cell fusion. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol (1996) 5.83

Cellular function of phosphoinositide 3-kinases: implications for development, homeostasis, and cancer. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol (2001) 5.80

Crystalline antigen from the influenza virus envelope. Nat New Biol (1972) 5.77

Lipid-anchored influenza hemagglutinin promotes hemifusion, not complete fusion. Cell (1994) 5.65

Crystal structure of a neutralizing human IGG against HIV-1: a template for vaccine design. Science (2001) 5.39

Functional mimicry of a protein hormone by a peptide agonist: the EPO receptor complex at 2.8 A. Science (1996) 5.19

Autophosphorylation sites on the epidermal growth factor receptor. Nature (1984) 5.11

HLA-A2-peptide complexes: refolding and crystallization of molecules expressed in Escherichia coli and complexed with single antigenic peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1992) 5.02

Identification of self peptides bound to purified HLA-B27. Nature (1991) 4.88

Customized growth curves for identification of large-for-gestational age neonates in pre-eclamptic women. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol (2014) 4.86

Fusion mutants of the influenza virus hemagglutinin glycoprotein. Cell (1985) 4.84

Nucleotide sequences at the 5' termini of influenza virus RNAs and their transcripts. Nucleic Acids Res (1978) 4.83

Signaling by distinct classes of phosphoinositide 3-kinases. Exp Cell Res (1999) 4.79

Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinases are Rab5 effectors. Nat Cell Biol (1999) 4.76

Crystal structures of two viral peptides in complex with murine MHC class I H-2Kb. Science (1992) 4.74

Crystal structure of the Ebola virus membrane fusion subunit, GP2, from the envelope glycoprotein ectodomain. Mol Cell (1998) 4.73

Relative resistance to HIV-1 infection of CD4 lymphocytes from persons who remain uninfected despite multiple high-risk sexual exposure. Nat Med (1996) 4.57

Generation of protein-reactive antibodies by short peptides is an event of high frequency: implications for the structural basis of immune recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1983) 4.56

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases: a conserved family of signal transducers. Trends Biochem Sci (1997) 4.52

Parvovirus infections and hypoplastic crisis in sickle-cell anaemia. Lancet (1981) 4.44

Herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D bound to the human receptor HveA. Mol Cell (2001) 4.44

Refined structure of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2 at 2.6 A resolution. J Mol Biol (1991) 4.44

Glycosylation and the immune system. Science (2001) 4.39

A carbohydrate side chain on hemagglutinins of Hong Kong influenza viruses inhibits recognition by a monoclonal antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1984) 4.37

Specificity pockets for the side chains of peptide antigens in HLA-Aw68. Nature (1989) 4.34

Crystal structure of mouse CD1: An MHC-like fold with a large hydrophobic binding groove. Science (1997) 4.27

Coiled coils in both intracellular vesicle and viral membrane fusion. Cell (1998) 4.26

The many mechanisms of viral membrane fusion proteins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol (2005) 4.19

Cytotoxic T cells to type A influenza virus; viral hemagglutinin induces A-strain specificity while infected cells confer cross-reactive cytotoxicity. Eur J Immunol (1977) 4.05

Antibodies against a synthetic peptide as a probe for the kinase activity of the avian EGF receptor and v-erbB protein. Cell (1985) 4.02

The complete primary structure of protein kinase C--the major phorbol ester receptor. Science (1986) 4.02

Transcription of the influenza virus genome. Virology (1977) 4.02

Activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase by interaction with Ras and by point mutation. EMBO J (1996) 3.99

Water-borne outbreak of campylobacter gastroenteritis. Lancet (1983) 3.97

N- and C-terminal residues combine in the fusion-pH influenza hemagglutinin HA(2) subunit to form an N cap that terminates the triple-stranded coiled coil. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1999) 3.90

The structure of HLA-B27 reveals nonamer self-peptides bound in an extended conformation. Nature (1991) 3.84

Different length peptides bind to HLA-Aw68 similarly at their ends but bulge out in the middle. Nature (1992) 3.82

The polypeptide composition of influenza A viruses. Virology (1971) 3.79

Studies on the in vitro transcription of reovirus RNA catalyzed by reovirus cores. Virology (1969) 3.79

The Drosophila phosphoinositide 3-kinase Dp110 promotes cell growth. EMBO J (1996) 3.78

Membrane fusion mediated by the influenza virus hemagglutinin requires the concerted action of at least three hemagglutinin trimers. J Cell Biol (1996) 3.77

Selection of gp41-mediated HIV-1 cell entry inhibitors from biased combinatorial libraries of non-natural binding elements. Nat Struct Biol (1999) 3.72

A potential fusion peptide and an integrin ligand domain in a protein active in sperm-egg fusion. Nature (1992) 3.71

Structure of the hemagglutinin precursor cleavage site, a determinant of influenza pathogenicity and the origin of the labile conformation. Cell (1998) 3.69

Cytotoxic T cells kill influenza virus infected cells but do not distinguish between serologically distinct type A viruses. Nature (1977) 3.67

Adult T-cell lymphoma-leukaemia in Blacks from the West Indies. Lancet (1982) 3.67

Structural basis of plasticity in T cell receptor recognition of a self peptide-MHC antigen. Science (1998) 3.64

Emerging principles for the recognition of peptide antigens by MHC class I molecules. Science (1992) 3.64

Three-dimensional structure of a human class II histocompatibility molecule complexed with superantigen. Nature (1994) 3.60