Published in Am J Public Health on May 01, 1994
Social capital, income inequality, and mortality. Am J Public Health (1997) 14.28
Inequality in income and mortality in the United States: analysis of mortality and potential pathways. BMJ (1996) 13.16
Bringing context back into epidemiology: variables and fallacies in multilevel analysis. Am J Public Health (1998) 11.43
Investigating neighborhood and area effects on health. Am J Public Health (2001) 10.79
Social capital and self-rated health: a contextual analysis. Am J Public Health (1999) 8.54
Choosing a future for epidemiology: II. From black box to Chinese boxes and eco-epidemiology. Am J Public Health (1996) 7.44
The logic in ecological: II. The logic of design. Am J Public Health (1994) 5.55
The tribulations of trials--intervention in communities. Am J Public Health (1995) 5.38
Ecological effects in multi-level studies. J Epidemiol Community Health (2000) 5.34
The Mpowerment Project: a community-level HIV prevention intervention for young gay men. Am J Public Health (1996) 4.92
Suicide and political regime in New South Wales and Australia during the 20th century. J Epidemiol Community Health (2002) 4.44
A multilevel analysis of the relationship between institutional and individual racial discrimination and health status. Am J Public Health (2002) 4.17
A glossary for multilevel analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health (2002) 4.15
Primary care service areas: a new tool for the evaluation of primary care services. Health Serv Res (2003) 3.96
Violence by male partners against women during the childbearing year: a contextual analysis. Am J Public Health (1995) 3.73
Does risk factor epidemiology put epidemiology at risk? Peering into the future. J Epidemiol Community Health (1998) 3.64
Socioeconomic and food-related physical characteristics of the neighbourhood environment are associated with body mass index. J Epidemiol Community Health (2007) 3.35
Paradox as paradigm--the health outcomes of Mexican Americans. Am J Public Health (1996) 3.24
Revisiting Robinson: the perils of individualistic and ecologic fallacy. Int J Epidemiol (2009) 3.13
Screening for chlamydial infections and the risk of ectopic pregnancy in a county in Sweden: ecological analysis. BMJ (1998) 3.12
The paradox of primary care. Ann Fam Med (2009) 3.05
The role of diabetes mellitus in the higher prevalence of tuberculosis among Hispanics. Am J Public Health (1997) 2.55
The effect of primary care physician supply and income inequality on mortality among blacks and whites in US metropolitan areas. Am J Public Health (2001) 2.53
The distance to community medical care and the likelihood of hospitalization: is closer always better? Am J Public Health (1997) 2.21
The contribution of maternal age to racial disparities in birthweight: a multilevel perspective. Am J Public Health (2001) 2.21
A different kind of contextual effect: geographical clustering of cocaine incidence in the USA. J Epidemiol Community Health (2003) 2.08
Sociodemographic factors and the variation in syphilis rates among US counties, 1984 through 1993: an ecological analysis. Am J Public Health (1997) 2.03
Primary care, infant mortality, and low birth weight in the states of the USA. J Epidemiol Community Health (2004) 2.01
Neighborhood environment and self-reported health status: a multilevel analysis. Am J Public Health (1999) 1.97
Relationship between premature mortality and socioeconomic factors in black and white populations of US metropolitan areas. Public Health Rep (2002) 1.91
Primary care, social inequalities, and all-cause, heart disease, and cancer mortality in US counties, 1990. Am J Public Health (2005) 1.79
Is it better to be rich in a poor area or poor in a rich area? A multilevel analysis of a case-control study of social determinants of tuberculosis. Int J Epidemiol (2009) 1.75
Targeting the underserved for breast and cervical cancer screening: the utility of ecological analysis using the National Health Interview Survey. Am J Public Health (1998) 1.75
Metropolitan governance, residential segregation, and mortality among African Americans. Am J Public Health (1998) 1.72
Contextual determinants of drug use risk behavior: a theoretic framework. J Urban Health (2003) 1.60
Geographic socioeconomic status, race, and advanced-stage breast cancer in New York City. Am J Public Health (2002) 1.52
Why health care process performance measures can have different relationships to outcomes for patients and hospitals: understanding the ecological fallacy. Am J Public Health (2011) 1.51
Very-low-birthweight infants and income incongruity among African American and white parents in Chicago. Am J Public Health (1997) 1.42
Ecologic analysis as outlook and method. Am J Public Health (1994) 1.41
The semi-individual study in air pollution epidemiology: a valid design as compared to ecologic studies. Environ Health Perspect (1997) 1.40
Public health epidemiology. J Epidemiol Community Health (1995) 1.27
Systems analysis of collaboration in 5 national tobacco control networks. Am J Public Health (2010) 1.27
Bias magnification in ecologic studies: a methodological investigation. Environ Health (2007) 1.26
Models of population health: their value for US public health practice, policy, and research. Am J Public Health (2003) 1.15
Intra-urban vulnerability to heat-related mortality in New York City, 1997-2006. Health Place (2014) 1.14
Evaluating Chicago's success in reaching the Healthy People 2000 goal of reducing health disparities. Public Health Rep (2002) 1.14
Height of nations: a socioeconomic analysis of cohort differences and patterns among women in 54 low- to middle-income countries. PLoS One (2011) 1.13
Is carbon monoxide a risk factor for hospital admission for heart failure? Am J Public Health (1995) 1.04
Variability and vulnerability at the ecological level: implications for understanding the social determinants of health. Am J Public Health (2002) 1.02
Health system outcomes and determinants amenable to public health in industrialized countries: a pooled, cross-sectional time series analysis. BMC Public Health (2005) 0.99
Area-level variation in adolescent smoking. Prev Chronic Dis (2009) 0.98
Some principles in study design for preventing HIV transmission: rigor or reality. Am J Public Health (1996) 0.97
Unintentional injury mortality in children: a priority for middle income countries in the advanced stage of epidemiological transition. Inj Prev (1999) 0.96
What's driving an epidemic? The spread of syphilis along an interstate highway in rural North Carolina. Am J Public Health (1999) 0.96
Demarcation of local neighborhoods to study relations between contextual factors and health. Int J Health Geogr (2010) 0.95
Predicting the workload in urban general practice in The Netherlands from Jarman's indicators of deprivation at patient level. J Epidemiol Community Health (1996) 0.95
Effectiveness of HIV prevention in Ontario, Canada: a multilevel comparison of bisexual men. Am J Public Health (2004) 0.95
Neighborhood differences in patterns of syringe access, use, and discard among injection drug users: implications for HIV outreach and prevention education. J Urban Health (2003) 0.94
A small area analysis estimating the prevalence of addiction to opioids in Barcelona, 1993. J Epidemiol Community Health (1999) 0.93
Neighborhood size and local geographic variation of health and social determinants. Int J Health Geogr (2005) 0.93
A multilevel analysis of the relationship between institutional and individual racial discrimination and health status. Am J Public Health (2008) 0.91
The evaluation of needle exchange programs. Am J Public Health (1994) 0.89
An ecological study of the effectiveness of mammography in reducing breast cancer mortality. Am J Public Health (1998) 0.87
Annotation: accounting for the effects of both group- and individual-level variables in community-level studies. Am J Public Health (1995) 0.87
State variations in supplemental security income enrollment for children and adolescents. Am J Public Health (1998) 0.86
Health-related quality of life in adults from 17 family practice clinics in North Carolina. Prev Chronic Dis (2008) 0.85
Making environmental data accessible for public health aims. The Massachusetts Environmental Database project. Public Health Rep (1996) 0.85
Current view of epidemiologic study designs for occupational and environmental lung diseases. Environ Health Perspect (2000) 0.84
Level of aggregation for optimal epidemiological analysis: the case of time to surgery and unnecessary removal of the normal appendix. J Epidemiol Community Health (2001) 0.84
Spatial clusters of suicide in the municipality of São Paulo 1996-2005: an ecological study. BMC Psychiatry (2012) 0.83
Annotation: prevention of HIV, other sexually transmitted diseases, and unwanted pregnancy--testing physical barriers available to women. Am J Public Health (1998) 0.83
Multilevel ecoepidemiology and parsimony. J Epidemiol Community Health (1998) 0.82
Distributed Lag Models: Examining Associations Between the Built Environment and Health. Epidemiology (2016) 0.82
HIV-, HCV-, and co-infections and associated risk factors among drug users in southwestern China: a township-level ecological study incorporating spatial regression. PLoS One (2014) 0.82
The loss of the population approach puts epidemiology at risk. J Epidemiol Community Health (1998) 0.82
The association of dietary folate, B6, and B12 with cardiovascular mortality in Spain: an ecological analysis. Am J Public Health (2000) 0.82
Health status convergence at the local level: empirical evidence from Austria. Int J Equity Health (2011) 0.81
Geographic variation in the prevalence of macular disease among elderly medicare beneficiaries in Kansas. Am J Public Health (2005) 0.80
Grandparental caregiving, income inequality and respiratory infections in elderly US individuals. J Epidemiol Community Health (2009) 0.80
Getting political: racism and urban health. Am J Public Health (2008) 0.79
Will investments in large-scale prospective cohorts and biobanks limit our ability to discover weaker, less common genetic and environmental contributors to complex diseases? Environ Health Perspect (2005) 0.78
Determining optimal neighborhood size for ecological studies using leave-one-out cross validation. Int J Health Geogr (2012) 0.77
Statistical Methods to Study Variation in Associations Between Food Store Availability and Body Mass in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Epidemiology (2017) 0.75
Heterogeneity in District-Level Transmission of Ebola Virus Disease during the 2013-2015 Epidemic in West Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis (2016) 0.75
The Association Between Neighborhood Poverty and HIV Diagnoses Among Males and Females in New York City, 2010-2011. Public Health Rep (2016) 0.75
Trends in coronary mortality and community services, associated with occupational structure in New York State, 1980-96. J Epidemiol Community Health (2002) 0.75
Income Inequality, Economic Growth and Stroke Mortality in Brazil: Longitudinal and Regional Analysis 2002-2009. PLoS One (2015) 0.75
Correlations Between Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma and Other Cancers: An Ecological Study in Forty European Countries. Int J Prev Med (2016) 0.75
Relationship between Early Physician Follow-Up and 30-Day Readmission after Acute Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure. PLoS One (2017) 0.75
Motor vehicle rollover and static stability: an exposure study. Am J Public Health (1997) 0.75
What can ecological studies tell us about death? Isr J Health Policy Res (2017) 0.75
Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease: an ecological study of sociodemographic risk factors before and after the introduction of Hib conjugate vaccine. Eur J Epidemiol (2003) 0.75
Uses of ecologic analysis in epidemiologic research. Am J Public Health (1982) 12.21
The ecological fallacy. Am J Epidemiol (1988) 6.38
Ecological bias, confounding, and effect modification. Int J Epidemiol (1989) 6.18
The logic in ecological: II. The logic of design. Am J Public Health (1994) 5.55
Divergent biases in ecologic and individual-level studies. Stat Med (1992) 4.73
Study designs for dependent happenings. Epidemiology (1991) 3.58
Determinants and predictors of dengue infection in Mexico. Am J Epidemiol (1991) 3.08
By how much does dietary salt reduction lower blood pressure? II--Analysis of observational data within populations. BMJ (1991) 3.01
Effects of nondifferential exposure misclassification in ecologic studies. Am J Epidemiol (1992) 2.84
Assessing risk factors for transmission of infection. Am J Epidemiol (1991) 2.76
Methodologic studies during pregnancy: the reliability of the 24-hour dietary recall. Am J Clin Nutr (1982) 1.61
Authors and authorship--reform or abolition? Am J Public Health (1997) 6.38
The logic in ecological: II. The logic of design. Am J Public Health (1994) 5.55
The tribulations of trials--intervention in communities. Am J Public Health (1995) 5.38
Widowhood and mental illness. Br J Prev Soc Med (1969) 5.07
Epidemiology in the United States after World War II: the evolution of technique. Epidemiol Rev (1985) 3.83
Early origin of coronary heart disease (the "Barker hypothesis") BMJ (1995) 3.62
Newborn intensive care and neonatal mortality in low-birth-weight infants: a population study. N Engl J Med (1982) 3.51
Do clinical markers of barotrauma and oxygen toxicity explain interhospital variation in rates of chronic lung disease? The Neonatology Committee for the Developmental Network. Pediatrics (2000) 3.48
Informed consent for HIV testing in a South African hospital: is it truly informed and truly voluntary? Am J Public Health (1998) 3.26
Health as a human right: an epidemiologist's perspective on the public health. Am J Public Health (1993) 2.62
A South African odyssey in community health: a memoir of the impact of the teachings of Sidney Kark. Am J Public Health (1993) 2.50
Maternal smoking, alcohol drinking, caffeine consumption, and fetal growth: results from a prospective study. Epidemiology (1995) 2.41
Hypertension and the risk of new-onset unprovoked seizures. Neurology (1993) 2.19
The epidemiology of life stress. Psychol Med (1981) 2.17
Cancer rates after the Three Mile Island nuclear accident and proximity of residence to the plant. Am J Public Health (1991) 2.11
Induced abortion and health as a value. Am J Public Health (1992) 2.05
Cancer near the Three Mile Island nuclear plant: radiation emissions. Am J Epidemiol (1990) 2.04
A randomized controlled trial of prenatal nutritional supplementation in New York City. Pediatrics (1980) 2.00
Major depressive disorder in the 6 months after miscarriage. JAMA (1997) 1.99
Drinking during pregnancy and spontaneous abortion. Lancet (1980) 1.96
Depressive symptoms in women in the six months after miscarriage. Am J Obstet Gynecol (1992) 1.84
A future for epidemiology? Annu Rev Public Health (1999) 1.81
Maternal smoking and trisomy among spontaneously aborted conceptions. Am J Hum Genet (1983) 1.80
The relation of transient hypothyroxinemia in preterm infants to neurologic development at two years of age. N Engl J Med (1996) 1.76
Smoking: a risk factor for spontaneous abortion. N Engl J Med (1977) 1.73
Screening programme for prevention of Down's syndrome. Lancet (1973) 1.68
Fetal death during labor: an epidemiologic indicator of level of obstetric care. Am J Obstet Gynecol (1985) 1.68
Antecedents of low birthweight in Harlem, New York City. Int J Epidemiol (1972) 1.68
Maternal infection, fetal inflammatory response, and brain damage in very low birth weight infants. Developmental Epidemiology Network Investigators. Pediatr Res (1999) 1.58
Miscarriage, caffeine, and the epiphenomena of pregnancy: the causal model. Epidemiology (1991) 1.57
Birth weight, fetal age and perinatal mortality. Am J Epidemiol (1972) 1.54
Data collection strategies in genetic epidemiology: The Epilepsy Family Study of Columbia University. J Clin Epidemiol (1992) 1.53
The logic of Sir Karl Popper and the practice of epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol (1986) 1.49
Apartheid and the causes of death: disentangling ideology and laws from class and race. Am J Public Health (1983) 1.47
Relations of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of epilepsy. Ann Neurol (1996) 1.47
The risks of having children in later life. Social advantage may make up for biological disadvantage. BMJ (2000) 1.42
Period effects, generation effects and age effects in peptic ulcer mortality. J Chronic Dis (1982) 1.42
The bell tools for a school of public health--and for thee? Am J Public Health (1993) 1.40
Nutritional supplementation and mental development. Lancet (1991) 1.38
Spontaneous abortion as a screening device. The effect of fetal survival on the incidence of birth defects. Am J Epidemiol (1975) 1.33
Cerebral palsy and newborn care. II: Mortality and neurological impairment in low-birthweight infants. Dev Med Child Neurol (1981) 1.33
The choice of place of delivery. Effect of hospital level on mortality in all singleton births in New York City. Am J Dis Child (1987) 1.28
Ordeals for the fetal programming hypothesis. The hypothesis largely survives one ordeal but not another. BMJ (1999) 1.28
The Cuban health system: a trial of a comprehensive service in a poor country. Int J Health Serv (1972) 1.27
Clinical indicators of genetic susceptibility to epilepsy. Epilepsia (1996) 1.23
Monosomy X: a chromosomal anomaly associated with young maternal age. Lancet (1980) 1.22
Familial aggregation studies. A note on their epidemiologic properties. Am J Epidemiol (1989) 1.22
Prenatal nutrition and birth weight: experiments and quasi-experiments in the past decade. J Reprod Med (1978) 1.21
Ethical components in the definition of health. Int J Health Serv (1974) 1.19
Alcohol consumption and withdrawal in new-onset seizures. N Engl J Med (1988) 1.19
Cocaine use during pregnancy: sensitive detection by hair assay. Am J Public Health (1997) 1.18
Validity of family history data on seizure disorders. Epilepsia (1993) 1.18
Widowhood: a situational life stress or a stressful life event? Am J Public Health (1981) 1.18
The prevention of perinatal HIV transmission in the less-developed world. Am J Public Health (1998) 1.16
Incidence and timing of germinal matrix/intraventricular hemorrhage in low birth weight infants. Am J Epidemiol (1993) 1.15
Comments on "A reevaluation of cancer incidence near the Three Mile Island nuclear plant". Environ Health Perspect (1997) 1.14
Maternal exercise during pregnancy, physical fitness, and fetal growth. Am J Epidemiol (1993) 1.14
Cerebral palsy and newborn care. III: Estimated prevalence rates of cerebral palsy under differing rates of mortality and impairment of low-birthweight infants. Dev Med Child Neurol (1981) 1.12
Nutrition and mental performance. Science (1972) 1.11
Social class indicators and mortality in low birth weight infants. Am J Epidemiol (1982) 1.10
An assessment of the effects of maternal age and parity in different components of perinatal mortality. Am J Epidemiol (1986) 1.09
Surveillance of spontaneous abortions. Power in environmental monitoring. Am J Epidemiol (1977) 1.08
Background gamma radiation and childhood cancers within ten miles of a US nuclear plant. Int J Epidemiol (1990) 1.07
The Dutch famine, 1944-1945, and the reproductive process. I. Effects on six indices at birth. Pediatr Res (1975) 1.04
Genetic and maternal influences on susceptibility to seizures. An analytic review. Am J Epidemiol (1985) 1.03
Fertility, fecundity, famine: food rations in the dutch famine 1944/5 have a causal relation to fertility, and probably to fecundity. Hum Biol (1975) 1.02
Attrition of trisomies as a maternal screening device. An explanation of the association of trisomy 21 with maternal age. Lancet (1986) 1.00
Hypothyroxinemia of prematurity and the risk of cerebral white matter damage. J Pediatr (1999) 1.00
Age at death used to assess the effect of interhospital transfer of newborns. Pediatrics (1984) 0.99
Determinants of depressive symptoms in the early weeks after miscarriage. Am J Public Health (1992) 0.99
Some principles in study design for preventing HIV transmission: rigor or reality. Am J Public Health (1996) 0.97
Cerebral palsy and newborn care. I: secular trends in cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol (1981) 0.96
Association of stressful life events with chromosomally normal spontaneous abortion. Am J Epidemiol (1996) 0.96
Magnesium sulfate in labor and risk of neonatal brain lesions and cerebral palsy in low birth weight infants. The Neonatal Brain Hemorrhage Study Analysis Group. Pediatrics (1997) 0.96
Illicit drug use and the risk of new-onset seizures. Am J Epidemiol (1990) 0.95
Intrauterine growth retardation: epidemiological issues and public health significance. Semin Perinatol (1984) 0.93
Marijuana use and the risk of new onset seizures. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc (1992) 0.93
Judgement and causal inference: criteria in epidemiologic studies. Am J Epidemiol (1977) 0.93
Maternal leisure-time exercise and timely delivery. Am J Public Health (1998) 0.93
Maternal receipt of magnesium sulfate does not seem to reduce the risk of neonatal white matter damage. Pediatrics (1997) 0.93
Antenatal corticosteroids and cranial ultrasonographic abnormalities. Am J Obstet Gynecol (1999) 0.92
Do standing, lifting, climbing, or long hours of work during pregnancy have an effect on fetal growth? Epidemiology (1997) 0.91
Fever during pregnancy and spontaneous abortion. Am J Epidemiol (1985) 0.90
II. An epidemiological study of the role of gravidity in spontaneous abortion. Early Hum Dev (1978) 0.90
Medical care and preterm infants of normal birth weight. Pediatrics (1986) 0.90
Prior, duplicate, repetitive, fragmented, and redundant publication and editorial decisions. Am J Public Health (1993) 0.89
Cognitive development and social policy. Science (1978) 0.89
Characteristics of women with recurrent spontaneous abortions and women with favorable reproductive histories. Am J Public Health (1986) 0.89
Letter: Maternal nutrition and low birth-weight. Lancet (1975) 0.89
Cigarette smoking and spontaneous abortion of known karyotype. Precise data but uncertain inferences. Am J Epidemiol (1995) 0.88
Cocaine use during pregnancy and intrauterine growth retardation: new insights based on maternal hair tests. Am J Epidemiol (2000) 0.87
The Dutch famine, 1944-1945, and the reproductive process. II. Interrelations of caloric rations and six indices at birth. Pediatr Res (1975) 0.87
Preterm birth, intrauterine growth retardation, and perinatal mortality. Am J Public Health (1992) 0.86
Rules of inference in epidemiology. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol (1986) 0.86
Patient education: a public health point of view. Bull N Y Acad Med (1985) 0.86
Controlled trial of prenatal nutrition supplementation defended. Pediatrics (1980) 0.85
Third variable analysis: application to causal sequences among nutrient intake, maternal weight, birthweight, placental weight, and gestation. Stat Med (1983) 0.85
Epidemiologic detection of low dose effects on the developing fetus. Environ Health Perspect (1981) 0.85
Historic trends in deaths from chronic kidney disease in the United States and Britain. Am J Epidemiol (1971) 0.85
Early ultrasound dating of pregnancy: selection and measurement biases. J Clin Epidemiol (1995) 0.84