Cytochrome P450 2D6: overview and update on pharmacology, genetics, biochemistry.

PubWeight™: 3.34‹?› | Rank: Top 1%

🔗 View Article (PMID 14618296)

Published in Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol on November 15, 2003

Authors

Ulrich M Zanger1, Sebastian Raimundo, Michel Eichelbaum

Author Affiliations

1: Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstrasse 112, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany. uli.zanger@ikp-stuttgart.de

Articles citing this

(truncated to the top 100)

Association between CYP2D6 polymorphisms and outcomes among women with early stage breast cancer treated with tamoxifen. JAMA (2009) 5.05

Composite functional genetic and comedication CYP2D6 activity score in predicting tamoxifen drug exposure among breast cancer patients. J Clin Pharmacol (2010) 2.15

Pharmacogenomic Research in South Africa: Lessons Learned and Future Opportunities in the Rainbow Nation. Curr Pharmacogenomics Person Med (2011) 1.49

The metabolism of primaquine to its active metabolite is dependent on CYP 2D6. Malar J (2013) 1.41

Cytochrome P450 and xenobiotic receptor humanized mice. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol (2006) 1.36

CYP2D6 gene variants: association with breast cancer specific survival in a cohort of breast cancer patients from the United Kingdom treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. Breast Cancer Res (2010) 1.31

Cytochrome P450 2D6. Pharmacogenet Genomics (2009) 1.22

Changes in antidepressant metabolism and dosing across pregnancy and early postpartum. J Clin Psychiatry (2008) 1.22

Tamoxifen's protection against breast cancer recurrence is not reduced by concurrent use of the SSRI citalopram. Br J Cancer (2008) 1.22

Tamoxifen and CYP2D6: a contradiction of data. Oncologist (2012) 1.21

Impact of GPCRs in clinical medicine: monogenic diseases, genetic variants and drug targets. Biochim Biophys Acta (2006) 1.15

Evaluation of probe drugs and pharmacokinetic metrics for CYP2D6 phenotyping. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2007) 1.14

Pharmacogenetics of beta-blockers. Pharmacotherapy (2007) 1.13

Humanized mouse lines and their application for prediction of human drug metabolism and toxicological risk assessment. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2008) 1.11

Applications of CYP450 testing in the clinical setting. Mol Diagn Ther (2013) 1.08

Tamoxifen metabolism predicts drug concentrations and outcome in premenopausal patients with early breast cancer. Pharmacogenomics J (2014) 1.07

No increase in breast cancer recurrence with concurrent use of tamoxifen and some CYP2D6-inhibiting medications. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev (2009) 1.06

Novel variants of major drug-metabolising enzyme genes in diverse African populations and their predicted functional effects. Hum Genomics (2009) 1.06

Oxidation of the endogenous cannabinoid arachidonoyl ethanolamide by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases: physiological and pharmacological implications. Pharmacol Rev (2010) 1.05

Identification of Novel CYP2D7-2D6 Hybrids: Non-Functional and Functional Variants. Front Pharmacol (2010) 1.01

Psychedelic 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: metabolism, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, and pharmacological actions. Curr Drug Metab (2010) 1.00

Pinoline may be used as a probe for CYP2D6 activity. Drug Metab Dispos (2008) 0.99

Indolealkylamines: biotransformations and potential drug-drug interactions. AAPS J (2008) 0.98

Brain drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes are active in vivo, demonstrated by mechanism-based enzyme inhibition. Neuropsychopharmacology (2008) 0.98

Effects of imatinib (Glivec) on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol, a CYP2D6 substrate, in Chinese patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Br J Clin Pharmacol (2008) 0.98

Altered expression of small heterodimer partner governs cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 induction during pregnancy in CYP2D6-humanized mice. J Biol Chem (2013) 0.97

Do CYP2D6 genotypes reflect oxycodone requirements for cancer patients treated for cancer pain? A cross-sectional multicentre study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2011) 0.96

Clinical use of pharmacogenomic tests in 2009. Clin Biochem Rev (2009) 0.95

Serum concentrations of tamoxifen and its metabolites increase with age during steady-state treatment. Breast Cancer Res Treat (2013) 0.95

The Coriell personalized medicine collaborative pharmacogenomics appraisal, evidence scoring and interpretation system. Genome Med (2013) 0.95

Methadone inhibits CYP2D6 and UGT2B7/2B4 in vivo: a study using codeine in methadone- and buprenorphine-maintained subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol (2012) 0.94

Association of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms and disease-free survival of Thai post-menopausal breast cancer patients who received adjuvant tamoxifen. Pharmgenomics Pers Med (2013) 0.94

MDMA, methamphetamine, and CYP2D6 pharmacogenetics: what is clinically relevant? Front Genet (2012) 0.93

The clinical and public health problem of relapse despite primaquine therapy: case review of repeated relapses of Plasmodium vivax acquired in Papua New Guinea. Malar J (2014) 0.93

The CYP2D6 gene locus in South African Coloureds: unique allele distributions, novel alleles and gene arrangements. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2008) 0.93

Clinical Relevance of CYP2D6 Genetics for Tamoxifen Response in Breast Cancer. Breast Care (Basel) (2008) 0.92

Environmental-genetic interactions in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurobiol (2012) 0.92

Cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism in the brain. J Psychiatry Neurosci (2013) 0.91

Functional analysis of human microsomal epoxide hydrolase genetic variants. Chem Biol Interact (2004) 0.91

Influences on the pharmacokinetics of oxycodone: a multicentre cross-sectional study in 439 adult cancer patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2010) 0.90

Induction of the drug metabolizing enzyme CYP2D in monkey brain by chronic nicotine treatment. Neuropharmacology (2008) 0.90

PharmGKB summary: tramadol pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics (2014) 0.89

Pharmacogenetics and breast cancer endocrine therapy: CYP2D6 as a predictive factor for tamoxifen metabolism and drug response? Expert Rev Mol Med (2008) 0.89

Effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitor and cytochrome P450 2D6 status on 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Biochem Pharmacol (2010) 0.89

Effects of CYP2D6 status on harmaline metabolism, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and a pharmacogenetics-based pharmacokinetic model. Biochem Pharmacol (2009) 0.89

Free energies of binding of R- and S-propranolol to wild-type and F483A mutant cytochrome P450 2D6 from molecular dynamics simulations. Eur Biophys J (2007) 0.88

Human liver mitochondrial cytochrome P450 2D6--individual variations and implications in drug metabolism. FEBS J (2009) 0.88

Cytochrome P450-2D6 extensive metabolizers are more vulnerable to methamphetamine-associated neurocognitive impairment: preliminary findings. J Int Neuropsychol Soc (2010) 0.88

Expression and functional analysis of CYP2D6.24, CYP2D6.26, CYP2D6.27, and CYP2D7 isozymes. Drug Metab Dispos (2008) 0.87

Genetic variation, β-blockers, and perioperative myocardial infarction. Anesthesiology (2011) 0.87

Establishment of CYP2D6 reference samples by multiple validated genotyping platforms. Pharmacogenomics J (2014) 0.86

Novel drug metabolism indices for pharmacogenetic functional status based on combinatory genotyping of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genes. Biomark Med (2011) 0.86

Anti-emetic drugs in oncology: pharmacology and individualization by pharmacogenetics. Int J Clin Pharm (2011) 0.85

Impact of the CYP2D6 genotype on steady-state serum concentrations of aripiprazole and dehydroaripiprazole. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2007) 0.84

BCHE and CYP2D6 genetic variation in Alzheimer's disease patients treated with cholinesterase inhibitors. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2011) 0.84

Comparison of pharmacokinetic variability of fesoterodine vs. tolterodine extended release in cytochrome P450 2D6 extensive and poor metabolizers. Br J Clin Pharmacol (2011) 0.84

The influence of CYP2D6 phenotype on the clinical response of nebivolol in patients with essential hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol (2006) 0.84

Chronic nicotine treatment induces rat CYP2D in the brain but not in the liver: an investigation of induction and time course. J Psychiatry Neurosci (2008) 0.84

Discovery of the nonfunctional CYP2D6 31 allele in Spanish, Puerto Rican, and US Hispanic populations. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2010) 0.84

Population pharmacokinetic modelling of aripiprazole and its active metabolite, dehydroaripiprazole, in psychiatric patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol (2008) 0.84

Pharmacogenetics in mood disorder. Curr Opin Psychiatry (2005) 0.84

Potential role of CYP2D6 in the central nervous system. Xenobiotica (2013) 0.84

Identification of genetic variants of human cytochrome P450 2D6 with impaired mitochondrial targeting. Mol Genet Metab (2010) 0.84

Combination analysis in genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A5 in the Japanese population. Int J Med Sci (2015) 0.84

Breast Cancer Systemic Therapy: The Need for More Economically Sustainable Scientific Strategies in the World. Breast Care (Basel) (2008) 0.84

Chronic heart failure: beta-blockers and pharmacogenetics. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2008) 0.83

3,4-Dehydrodebrisoquine, a novel debrisoquine metabolite formed from 4-hydroxydebrisoquine that affects the CYP2D6 metabolic ratio. Drug Metab Dispos (2006) 0.83

Treatment of the overactive bladder syndrome with muscarinic receptor antagonists: a matter of metabolites? Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol (2006) 0.83

First demonstration that brain CYP2D-mediated opiate metabolic activation alters analgesia in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol (2013) 0.83

Distribution of CYP2D6 alleles and phenotypes in the Brazilian population. PLoS One (2014) 0.83

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling of cardiovascular effects of metoprolol in spontaneously hypertensive rats: a microdialysis study. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol (2006) 0.82

Identification of new alleles and the determination of alleles and genotypes frequencies at the CYP2D6 gene in Emiratis. PLoS One (2011) 0.82

Perioperative genomics. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol (2011) 0.82

Candidate gene polymorphisms predicting individual sensitivity to opioids. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol (2007) 0.82

Pharmacokinetic interactions between monoamine oxidase A inhibitor harmaline and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and the impact of CYP2D6 status. Drug Metab Dispos (2013) 0.82

SNP genotyping using TaqMan technology: the CYP2D6*17 assay conundrum. Sci Rep (2015) 0.81

Deriving rules and assertions from pharmacogenomics knowledge resources in support of patient drug metabolism efficacy predictions. J Am Med Inform Assoc (2012) 0.81

Identification of a novel non-functional CYP2D6 allele, CYP2D6*69, in a Caucasian poor metabolizer individual. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2008) 0.81

Beta-blocker pharmacogenetics in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev (2008) 0.81

Krüppel-like factor 9 promotes hepatic cytochrome P450 2D6 expression during pregnancy in CYP2D6-humanized mice. Mol Pharmacol (2014) 0.80

Stimulus control by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in wild-type and CYP2D6-humanized mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav (2011) 0.80

Pharmacotherapy and pregnancy: highlights from the Second International Conference for Individualized Pharmacotherapy in Pregnancy. Clin Transl Sci (2009) 0.80

Active-site structure, binding and redox activity of the heme-thiolate enzyme CYP2D6 immobilized on coated Ag electrodes: a surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering study. J Biol Inorg Chem (2007) 0.80

The influence of CYP2D6 genotype on trough plasma perhexiline and cis-OH-perhexiline concentrations following a standard loading regimen in patients with myocardial ischaemia. Br J Clin Pharmacol (2006) 0.79

CYP2D6 Haplotype Determination Using Long Range Allele-Specific Amplification: Resolution of a Complex Genotype and a Discordant Genotype Involving the CYP2D6*59 Allele. J Mol Diagn (2015) 0.79

CYP2D6 copy number distribution in the US population. Pharmacogenet Genomics (2016) 0.79

A human hepatocyte-bearing mouse: an animal model to predict drug metabolism and effectiveness in humans. PPAR Res (2009) 0.78

Role of vitamin d in Parkinson's disease. ISRN Neurol (2012) 0.78

Nicotine Increases Codeine Analgesia Through the Induction of Brain CYP2D and Central Activation of Codeine to Morphine. Neuropsychopharmacology (2015) 0.78

Binding of 7-methoxy-4-(aminomethyl)-coumarin to wild-type and W128F mutant cytochrome P450 2D6 studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Biochem J (2006) 0.78

Pharmacokinetic interaction of flecainide and paroxetine in relation to the CYP2D6*10 allele in healthy Korean subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol (2008) 0.78

Molecular evolution of the CYP2D subfamily in primates: purifying selection on substrate recognition sites without the frequent or long-tract gene conversion. Genome Biol Evol (2015) 0.78

Population pharmacokinetics of bisoprolol in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2012) 0.78

Update on prescription extended-release opioids and appropriate patient selection. J Multidiscip Healthc (2013) 0.77

Novel single nucleotide polymorphism markers for low dose aspirin-associated small bowel bleeding. PLoS One (2013) 0.77

Precision Oncology Medicine: The Clinical Relevance of Patient-Specific Biomarkers Used to Optimize Cancer Treatment. J Clin Pharmacol (2016) 0.77

Prevalence of the CYP2D6*10 (C100T), *4 (G1846A), and *14 (G1758A) alleles among Iranians of different ethnicities. Drug Des Devel Ther (2015) 0.77

Altered spin state equilibrium in the T309V mutant of cytochrome P450 2D6: a spectroscopic and computational study. J Biol Inorg Chem (2007) 0.77

Impact of CYP2D6 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of lovastatin in Chinese subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2012) 0.77

Impact of CYP2D*6 in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer patients with tamoxifen. World J Clin Oncol (2014) 0.77

Articles cited by this

(truncated to the top 100)

The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. Nature (1999) 30.88

Polymorphic hydroxylation of Debrisoquine in man. Lancet (1977) 9.36

Pharmacogenomics: translating functional genomics into rational therapeutics. Science (1999) 8.25

Defective N-oxidation of sparteine in man: a new pharmacogenetic defect. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (1979) 3.78

Characterization of the common genetic defect in humans deficient in debrisoquine metabolism. Nature (1988) 3.69

Genotyping of poor metabolisers of debrisoquine by allele-specific PCR amplification. Lancet (1990) 3.64

Cytochrome P450 2D6 variants in a Caucasian population: allele frequencies and phenotypic consequences. Am J Hum Genet (1997) 3.08

Crystal structure of human cytochrome P450 2C9 with bound warfarin. Nature (2003) 2.99

The human debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase (CYP2D) locus: sequence and identification of the polymorphic CYP2D6 gene, a related gene, and a pseudogene. Am J Hum Genet (1989) 2.90

Oxidation phenotype--a major determinant of metoprolol metabolism and response. N Engl J Med (1982) 2.72

Polymorphic dextromethorphan metabolism: co-segregation of oxidative O-demethylation with debrisoquin hydroxylation. Clin Pharmacol Ther (1985) 2.50

Pharmacogenetics and adverse drug reactions. Lancet (2000) 2.41

Gene expression in distinct regions of the heart. Lancet (2000) 2.35

Polymorphic oxidation of sparteine and debrisoquine: related pharmacogenetic entities. Clin Pharmacol Ther (1982) 2.26

Genetic analysis of the Chinese cytochrome P4502D locus: characterization of variant CYP2D6 genes present in subjects with diminished capacity for debrisoquine hydroxylation. Mol Pharmacol (1994) 2.09

Comprehensive analysis of the genetic factors determining expression and function of hepatic CYP2D6. Pharmacogenetics (2001) 2.08

Inherited amplification of an active gene in the cytochrome P450 CYP2D locus as a cause of ultrarapid metabolism of debrisoquine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1993) 2.08

Clinical significance of the sparteine/debrisoquine oxidation polymorphism. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (1989) 2.04

Purification and characterization of the human liver cytochromes P-450 involved in debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation and phenacetin O-deethylation, two prototypes for genetic polymorphism in oxidative drug metabolism. J Biol Chem (1985) 1.97

Identification of the primary gene defect at the cytochrome P450 CYP2D locus. Nature (1990) 1.96

Nomenclature for human CYP2D6 alleles. Pharmacogenetics (1996) 1.91

Molecular basis for rational megaprescribing in ultrarapid hydroxylators of debrisoquine. Lancet (1993) 1.87

A family study of genetic and environmental factors determining polymorphic hydroxylation of debrisoquin. Clin Pharmacol Ther (1985) 1.87

Regeneration of serotonin from 5-methoxytryptamine by polymorphic human CYP2D6. Pharmacogenetics (2003) 1.85

Increased frequency of cytochrome P450 2D6 poor metabolizers among patients with metoprolol-associated adverse effects. Clin Pharmacol Ther (2002) 1.84

Two mutant alleles of the human cytochrome P-450db1 gene (P450C2D1) associated with genetically deficient metabolism of debrisoquine and other drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1988) 1.82

Patient-tailored antiemetic treatment with 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonists according to cytochrome P-450 2D6 genotypes. J Clin Oncol (2002) 1.75

Human debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase (P450IID1): cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence and assignment of the CYP2D locus to chromosome 22. Genomics (1988) 1.75

10-Hydroxylation of nortriptyline in white persons with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 13 functional CYP2D6 genes. Clin Pharmacol Ther (1998) 1.72

Molecular mechanisms of genetic polymorphisms of drug metabolism. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol (1997) 1.66

Assessment of the predictive power of genotypes for the in-vivo catalytic function of CYP2D6 in a German population. Pharmacogenetics (1998) 1.64

The genetic polymorphism of debrisoquine/sparteine metabolism--clinical aspects. Pharmacol Ther (1990) 1.61

Deletion of the entire cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 gene as a cause of impaired drug metabolism in poor metabolizers of the debrisoquine/sparteine polymorphism. Am J Hum Genet (1991) 1.60

CYP2D6 genotyping strategy based on gene copy number determination by TaqMan real-time PCR. Hum Mutat (2003) 1.59

CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotype-based dose recommendations for antidepressants: a first step towards subpopulation-specific dosages. Acta Psychiatr Scand (2001) 1.59

Antibodies against human cytochrome P-450db1 in autoimmune hepatitis type II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1988) 1.57

Polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 gene in a European population: characterization of 48 mutations and 53 alleles, their frequencies and evolution. Pharmacogenetics (1997) 1.55

Frequent distribution of ultrarapid metabolizers of debrisoquine in an ethiopian population carrying duplicated and multiduplicated functional CYP2D6 alleles. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (1996) 1.51

Extension of a pilot study: impact from the cytochrome P450 2D6 polymorphism on outcome and costs associated with severe mental illness. J Clin Psychopharmacol (2000) 1.51

Multiple mutations of the human cytochrome P450IID6 gene (CYP2D6) in poor metabolizers of debrisoquine. Study of the functional significance of individual mutations by expression of chimeric genes. J Biol Chem (1990) 1.50

CYP2D6 multiallelism. Methods Enzymol (1996) 1.45

Absence of hepatic cytochrome P450bufI causes genetically deficient debrisoquine oxidation in man. Biochemistry (1988) 1.44

Ecogenetics of Parkinson's disease: 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine. Lancet (1985) 1.41

Polymorphic debrisoquin hydroxylation in 757 Swedish subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther (1988) 1.37

Optimization of cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) phenotype assignment using a genotyping algorithm based on allele frequency data. Pharmacogenetics (1999) 1.36

Polymorphic drug oxidation: pharmacokinetic basis and comparison of experimental indices. Br J Clin Pharmacol (1986) 1.29

Debrisoquine/sparteine-type polymorphism of drug oxidation. Purification and characterization of two functionally different human liver cytochrome P-450 isozymes involved in impaired hydroxylation of the prototype substrate bufuralol. J Biol Chem (1986) 1.28

The influence of CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 genotypes on the formation of the potent antioestrogen Z-4-hydroxy-tamoxifen in human liver. Br J Clin Pharmacol (2002) 1.28

The influence of enzyme induction on polymorphic sparteine oxidation. Br J Clin Pharmacol (1986) 1.26

The relationship between paroxetine and the sparteine oxidation polymorphism. Clin Pharmacol Ther (1992) 1.26

Screening for endogenous substrates reveals that CYP2D6 is a 5-methoxyindolethylamine O-demethylase. Pharmacogenetics (2003) 1.26

Importance of the proline-rich region following signal-anchor sequence in the formation of correct conformation of microsomal cytochrome P-450s. J Biochem (1993) 1.25

The influence of environmental and genetic factors on CYP2D6, CYP1A2 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in man using sparteine, caffeine, and paracetamol as probes. Pharmacogenetics (1994) 1.25

The human CYP2D locus associated with a common genetic defect in drug oxidation: a G1934----A base change in intron 3 of a mutant CYP2D6 allele results in an aberrant 3' splice recognition site. Am J Hum Genet (1990) 1.21

Ultrarapid hydroxylation of debrisoquine in a Swedish population. Analysis of the molecular genetic basis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (1995) 1.21

Ultrarapid metabolizers of debrisoquine: characterization and PCR-based detection of alleles with duplication of the CYP2D6 gene. FEBS Lett (1996) 1.20

CYP2D6 catalyzes tamoxifen 4-hydroxylation in human liver. Cancer Res (1997) 1.20

Extensive metabolizers of debrisoquine become poor metabolizers during quinidine treatment. Pharmacol Toxicol (1987) 1.20

Inter-ethnic difference in sparteine oxidation among Ghanaians and Germans. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (1985) 1.18

Pharmacogenetics of the major polymorphic metabolizing enzymes. Fundam Clin Pharmacol (2003) 1.17

PCR-based genotyping for duplicated and deleted CYP2D6 genes. Pharmacogenetics (1996) 1.17

Prevalence of CYP2D6 gene duplication and its repercussion on the oxidative phenotype in a white population. Clin Pharmacol Ther (1995) 1.15

Identification of a new variant CYP2D6 allele lacking the codon encoding Lys-281: possible association with the poor metabolizer phenotype. Pharmacogenetics (1991) 1.14

Effect of antipsychotic drugs on human liver cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoforms in vitro: preferential inhibition of CYP2D6. Drug Metab Dispos (1999) 1.14

Elucidation of the genetic basis of the common 'intermediate metabolizer' phenotype for drug oxidation by CYP2D6. Pharmacogenetics (2000) 1.13

Nortriptyline and antipyrine clearance in relation to debrisoquine hydroxylation in man. Life Sci (1980) 1.13

Inhibitory effects of neuroleptics on debrisoquine oxidation in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol (1986) 1.13

Evidence for a new variant CYP2D6 allele CYP2D6J in a Japanese population associated with lower in vivo rates of sparteine metabolism. Pharmacogenetics (1993) 1.12

Genetic mechanisms for duplication and multiduplication of the human CYP2D6 gene and methods for detection of duplicated CYP2D6 genes. Gene (1999) 1.11

Cytochrome p450 phenotyping/genotyping in patients receiving antipsychotics: useful aid to prescribing? Clin Pharmacokinet (2002) 1.10

Dopamine formation from tyramine by CYP2D6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1998) 1.07

Molecular basis of genetic variation in debrisoquin hydroxylation in Chinese subjects: polymorphism in RFLP and DNA sequence of CYP2D6. Clin Pharmacol Ther (1993) 1.07

CYP2D6 phenotype-genotype relationships in African-Americans and Caucasians in Los Angeles. Pharmacogenetics (1998) 1.07

Cellular localization and regional distribution of CYP2D6 mRNA and protein expression in human brain. Pharmacogenetics (2001) 1.06

Expression, purification, biochemical characterization, and comparative function of human cytochrome P450 2D6.1, 2D6.2, 2D6.10, and 2D6.17 allelic isoforms. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2002) 1.05

Evidence that aspartic acid 301 is a critical substrate-contact residue in the active site of cytochrome P450 2D6. J Biol Chem (1995) 1.05

MPTP, the neurotoxin inducing Parkinson's disease, is a potent competitive inhibitor of human and rat cytochrome P450 isozymes (P450bufI, P450db1) catalyzing debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1987) 1.05

Rapid detection of CYP2D6 null alleles by long distance- and multiplex-polymerase chain reaction. Pharmacogenetics (1996) 1.04

Characterization and PCR-based detection of two different hybrid CYP2D7P/CYP2D6 alleles associated with the poor metabolizer phenotype. Pharmacogenetics (1996) 1.04

Frequent occurrence of CYP2D6 gene duplication in Saudi Arabians. Pharmacogenetics (1997) 1.04

Chromosomal assignment of human cytochrome P-450 (debrisoquine/sparteine type) to chromosome 22. Br J Clin Pharmacol (1987) 1.03

A combination of mutations in the CYP2D6*17 (CYP2D6Z) allele causes alterations in enzyme function. Mol Pharmacol (1997) 1.01

Comparison of two CYP2D6 genotyping methods and assessment of genotype-phenotype relationships. Clin Chem (2003) 1.00

Residues glutamate 216 and aspartate 301 are key determinants of substrate specificity and product regioselectivity in cytochrome P450 2D6. J Biol Chem (2002) 1.00

Substrate specificity of human liver cytochrome P-450 debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase probed using immunochemical inhibition and chemical modeling. Cancer Res (1985) 1.00

The genetic control of bufuralol metabolism in man. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet (1982) 0.99

Polymorphisms in CYP2D6 duplication-negative individuals with the ultrarapid metabolizer phenotype: a role for the CYP2D6*35 allele in ultrarapid metabolism? Pharmacogenetics (2001) 0.97

The cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme polymorphism: screening costs and influence on clinical outcomes in psychiatry. Clin Pharmacol Ther (1996) 0.97

Regional and cellular expression of CYP2D6 in human brain: higher levels in alcoholics. J Neurochem (2002) 0.97

Homologous unequal cross-over involving a 2.8 kb direct repeat as a mechanism for the generation of allelic variants of human cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 gene. Hum Mol Genet (1995) 0.97

Diversity in the oxidation of substrates by cytochrome P450 2D6: lack of an obligatory role of aspartate 301-substrate electrostatic bonding. Biochemistry (2002) 0.97

Effect of the CYP2D6 genotype on metoprolol metabolism persists during long-term treatment. Pharmacogenetics (2002) 0.97

Use of probe drugs as predictors of drug metabolism in humans. J Clin Pharmacol (1997) 0.96

Comparative pharmacokinetics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a look behind the mirror. Int Clin Psychopharmacol (1995) 0.95

Extremely rapid hydroxylation of debrisoquine: a case report with implication for treatment with nortriptyline and other tricyclic antidepressants. Ther Drug Monit (1985) 0.95

Analysis of the CYP2D6 gene mutations and their consequences for enzyme function in a West African population. Pharmacogenetics (1999) 0.95

Genetic analysis of the CYP2D locus in relation to debrisoquine hydroxylation capacity in Korean, Japanese and Chinese subjects. Pharmacogenetics (1995) 0.94

Dextromethorphan and caffeine as probes for simultaneous determination of debrisoquin-oxidation and N-acetylation phenotypes in children. Clin Pharmacol Ther (1989) 0.94

Metabolism of MPTP by cytochrome P4502D6 and the demonstration of 2D6 mRNA in human foetal and adult brain by in situ hybridization. Xenobiotica (1997) 0.93

Allele and genotype frequencies of polymorphic cytochromes P4502D6, 2C19 and 2E1 in aborigines from western Australia. Pharmacogenetics (2001) 0.92

Articles by these authors

Association between CYP2D6 polymorphisms and outcomes among women with early stage breast cancer treated with tamoxifen. JAMA (2009) 5.05

Tamoxifen use in postmenopausal breast cancer: CYP2D6 matters. J Clin Oncol (2012) 3.61

Role of genetic and nongenetic factors for fluorouracil treatment-related severe toxicity: a prospective clinical trial by the German 5-FU Toxicity Study Group. J Clin Oncol (2008) 3.53

Breast cancer treatment outcome with adjuvant tamoxifen relative to patient CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes. J Clin Oncol (2007) 3.36

Association between the C3435T MDR1 gene polymorphism and susceptibility for ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology (2003) 2.97

Using trade names: a risk factor for accidental drug overdose. Arch Intern Med (2002) 2.91

Azathioprine therapy and adverse drug reactions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: impact of thiopurine S-methyltransferase polymorphism. Pharmacogenetics (2002) 2.68

A novel intronic mutation, 2988G>A, with high predictivity for impaired function of cytochrome P450 2D6 in white subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther (2004) 2.68

Comprehensive analysis of thiopurine S-methyltransferase phenotype-genotype correlation in a large population of German-Caucasians and identification of novel TPMT variants. Pharmacogenetics (2004) 2.32

Susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanate-induced liver injury is influenced by multiple HLA class I and II alleles. Gastroenterology (2011) 2.01

Genetic variability of CYP2B6 in populations of African and Asian origin: allele frequencies, novel functional variants, and possible implications for anti-HIV therapy with efavirenz. Pharmacogenet Genomics (2005) 1.95

Effect of CYP2B6, ABCB1, and CYP3A5 polymorphisms on efavirenz pharmacokinetics and treatment response: an AIDS Clinical Trials Group study. J Infect Dis (2010) 1.91

High plasma pravastatin concentrations are associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes of organic anion transporting polypeptide-C (OATP-C, SLCO1B1). Pharmacogenetics (2004) 1.87

Cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein expression in human small intestinal enterocytes and hepatocytes: a comparative analysis in paired tissue specimens. Clin Pharmacol Ther (2004) 1.86

When good drugs go bad. Nature (2007) 1.85

Highly multiplexed genotyping of thiopurine s-methyltransferase variants using MALD-TOF mass spectrometry: reliable genotyping in different ethnic groups. Clin Chem (2008) 1.84

Polymorphic organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 is a major determinant of repaglinide pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther (2005) 1.74

Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) genotype and early treatment response to mercaptopurine in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. JAMA (2005) 1.74

Automated extraction of DNA and RNA from a single formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section for analysis of both single-nucleotide polymorphisms and mRNA expression. Clin Chem (2010) 1.66

CYP2D6 genotyping strategy based on gene copy number determination by TaqMan real-time PCR. Hum Mutat (2003) 1.59

Modulation of steady-state kinetics of digoxin by haplotypes of the P-glycoprotein MDR1 gene. Clin Pharmacol Ther (2002) 1.58

Sex is a major determinant of CYP3A4 expression in human liver. Hepatology (2003) 1.57

The efficacy of simvastatin is not influenced by CYP2D6 polymorphism. Clin Pharmacol Ther (2002) 1.51

CYP2D6 polymorphisms as predictors of outcome in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen: expanded polymorphism coverage improves risk stratification. Clin Cancer Res (2010) 1.49

Lipid-lowering response to statins is affected by CYP3A5 polymorphism. Pharmacogenetics (2004) 1.42

Intestinal absorption, metabolism, and excretion of (-)-epicatechin in healthy humans assessed by using an intestinal perfusion technique. Am J Clin Nutr (2013) 1.41

Interindividual variability and tissue-specificity in the expression of cytochrome P450 3A mRNA. Drug Metab Dispos (2002) 1.40

Antimalarial artemisinin drugs induce cytochrome P450 and MDR1 expression by activation of xenosensors pregnane X receptor and constitutive androstane receptor. Mol Pharmacol (2005) 1.37

Identification of genetic variations of the human organic cation transporter hOCT1 and their functional consequences. Pharmacogenetics (2002) 1.34

Multiple novel nonsynonymous CYP2B6 gene polymorphisms in Caucasians: demonstration of phenotypic null alleles. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2004) 1.33

Genetic polymorphisms of the human MDR1 drug transporter. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol (2002) 1.32

Pharmacogenomics of tamoxifen therapy. Clin Chem (2009) 1.31

Interindividual variability of canalicular ATP-binding-cassette (ABC)-transporter expression in human liver. Hepatology (2006) 1.29

MDR1 gene polymorphisms and disposition of the P-glycoprotein substrate fexofenadine. Br J Clin Pharmacol (2002) 1.28

The influence of CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 genotypes on the formation of the potent antioestrogen Z-4-hydroxy-tamoxifen in human liver. Br J Clin Pharmacol (2002) 1.28

Potent mechanism-based inhibition of human CYP2B6 by clopidogrel and ticlopidine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2003) 1.23

Association of the P-glycoprotein transporter MDR1(C3435T) polymorphism with the susceptibility to renal epithelial tumors. J Am Soc Nephrol (2002) 1.21

ABCB1 genotype of the donor but not of the recipient is a major risk factor for cyclosporine-related nephrotoxicity after renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol (2005) 1.21

Differential expression and function of CYP2C isoforms in human intestine and liver. Pharmacogenetics (2003) 1.19

The induction of cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) in the human liver and intestine is mediated by the xenobiotic sensors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutively activated receptor (CAR). J Biol Chem (2004) 1.16

Transcriptional profiling of genes induced in the livers of patients treated with carbamazepine. Clin Pharmacol Ther (2006) 1.15

Alternative splicing affects the function and tissue-specific expression of the human constitutive androstane receptor. Nucl Recept (2004) 1.15

Fexofenadine pharmacokinetics are associated with a polymorphism of the SLCO1B1 gene (encoding OATP1B1). Br J Clin Pharmacol (2005) 1.15

Impaired expression of CYP2D6 in intermediate metabolizers carrying the *41 allele caused by the intronic SNP 2988G>A: evidence for modulation of splicing events. Pharmacogenet Genomics (2006) 1.14

Regulation of CYP3A4 by pregnane X receptor: The role of nuclear receptors competing for response element binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2010) 1.13

A role for constitutive androstane receptor in the regulation of human intestinal MDR1 expression. Biol Chem (2005) 1.11

Impact of the SLCO1B1 polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics and lipid-lowering efficacy of multiple-dose pravastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther (2006) 1.10

Molecular mechanisms of polymorphic CYP3A7 expression in adult human liver and intestine. J Biol Chem (2002) 1.10

P-glycoprotein-mediated intestinal and biliary digoxin transport in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther (2003) 1.07

A natural CYP2B6 TATA box polymorphism (-82T--> C) leading to enhanced transcription and relocation of the transcriptional start site. Mol Pharmacol (2005) 1.07

MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for multiplex genotyping of CYP2B6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Clin Chem (2006) 1.02

Breast cancer risk reduction and membrane-bound catechol O-methyltransferase genetic polymorphisms. Cancer Res (2008) 1.02

Expression polymorphism of the blood-brain barrier component P-glycoprotein (MDR1) in relation to Parkinson's disease. Pharmacogenetics (2002) 1.02

Genetic polymorphisms in the multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (ABCC3, MRP3) gene and relationship to its mRNA and protein expression in human liver. Pharmacogenetics (2004) 1.01

TGFbeta2 and TbetaRII are valid molecular biomarkers for the antiproliferative effects of tamoxifen and tamoxifen metabolites in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat (2007) 0.98

Disposition of oral and intravenous pravastatin in MRP2-deficient TR- rats. Drug Metab Dispos (2005) 0.97

Impact of CYP2D6 genotype on adverse effects during treatment with metoprolol: a prospective clinical study. Clin Pharmacol Ther (2005) 0.93

Thiopurine methyltransferase genetics is not a major risk factor for secondary malignant neoplasms after treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia on Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster protocols. Blood (2009) 0.93

6-thioguanosine diphosphate and triphosphate levels in red blood cells and response to azathioprine therapy in Crohn's disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol (2005) 0.92

Clinical Relevance of CYP2D6 Genetics for Tamoxifen Response in Breast Cancer. Breast Care (Basel) (2008) 0.92

Acute effects of pravastatin on cholesterol synthesis are associated with SLCO1B1 (encoding OATP1B1) haplotype *17. Pharmacogenet Genomics (2005) 0.92

Variable expression of P-glycoprotein in the human placenta and its association with mutations of the multidrug resistance 1 gene (MDR1, ABCB1). Pharmacogenetics (2004) 0.91

Cardiovascular effects of (R)- and (S)-verapamil and racemic verapamil in humans: a placebo-controlled study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2006) 0.89

Association of genetic polymorphism in ABCC2 with hepatic multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 expression and pravastatin pharmacokinetics. Pharmacogenet Genomics (2006) 0.88

Molecular mechanism of basal CYP3A4 regulation by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha: evidence for direct regulation in the intestine. Drug Metab Dispos (2007) 0.87

GSTP1 and MDR1 genotypes and central nervous system relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Hematol (2005) 0.87

A natural variant of the heme-binding signature (R441C) resulting in complete loss of function of CYP2D6. Drug Metab Dispos (2007) 0.86

A naturally occurring mutation in the SLC21A6 gene causing impaired membrane localization of the hepatocyte uptake transporter. J Biol Chem (2002) 0.86

Analysis of six SNPs of NAT2 in Ngawbe and Embera Amerindians of Panama and determination of the Embera acetylation phenotype using caffeine. Pharmacogenetics (2002) 0.86

Effect of SLCO1B1 polymorphism on induction of CYP3A4 by rifampicin. Pharmacogenet Genomics (2006) 0.86

Pharmacokinetics and response to pravastatin in paediatric patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia and in paediatric cardiac transplant recipients in relation to polymorphisms of the SLCO1B1 and ABCB1 genes. Br J Clin Pharmacol (2006) 0.85

Treatment of lung cancer patients and concomitant use of drugs interacting with cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. Lung Cancer (2011) 0.84

Genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase A1, the major glutathione S-transferase in human liver: consequences for enzyme expression and busulfan conjugation. Clin Pharmacol Ther (2002) 0.84

A polymorphism in the TC21 promoter associates with an unfavorable tamoxifen treatment outcome in breast cancer. Cancer Res (2008) 0.83

Mutational analysis of the human dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. Genet Test (2003) 0.83

Three novel thiopurine S-methyltransferase allelic variants (TPMT*20, *21, *22) - association with decreased enzyme function. Hum Mutat (2006) 0.83

CYP3A5 genotype is associated with diagnosis of hypertension in elderly patients: data from the DEBATE Study. Am J Pharmacogenomics (2005) 0.82

Functional analysis of the polymorphism -211C>T in the regulatory region of the human ABCC3 gene. Life Sci (2007) 0.82

Effects of rifampicin on global gene expression in human small intestine. Pharmacogenet Genomics (2007) 0.82

Increased absorption of digoxin from the human jejunum due to inhibition of intestinal transporter-mediated efflux. Clin Pharmacokinet (2007) 0.82

Shed human enterocytes as a tool for the study of expression and function of intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Clin Pharmacol Ther (2002) 0.81

Inhibition of human CYP2B6 by N,N',N''-triethylenethiophosphoramide is irreversible and mechanism-based. Biochem Pharmacol (2004) 0.81

Reply to A.-S. Dieudonné et al and J.M. Rae et al. J Clin Oncol (2013) 0.81

Sensitive method for the quantification of urinary pyrimidine metabolites in healthy adults by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci (2003) 0.80

Impact of concentration and rate of intraluminal drug delivery on absorption and gut wall metabolism of verapamil in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther (2004) 0.80

A silent mutation (2939G>A, exon 6; CYP2D6*59) leading to impaired expression and function of CYP2D6. Pharmacogenet Genomics (2006) 0.80

Characterisation of cerivastatin as a P-glycoprotein substrate: studies in P-glycoprotein-expressing cell monolayers and mdr1a/b knock-out mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol (2004) 0.77

Discriminative quantification of cytochrome P4502D6 and 2D7/8 pseudogene expression by TaqMan real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Anal Biochem (2002) 0.77

Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A4-dependent pharmacokinetics in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther (2006) 0.76

Large interindividual variability in the in vitro formation of tamoxifen metabolites related to the development of genotoxicity. Br J Clin Pharmacol (2004) 0.76

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous etoposide in patients with breast cancer: influence of dose escalation and cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin coadministration. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol (2002) 0.76

Characterisation of (R/S)-propafenone and its metabolites as substrates and inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol (2005) 0.75

Visual disorders associated with omeprazole and their relation to CYP2C19 polymorphism. Pharmacogenetics (2002) 0.75