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1 A randomised, 52-week, treat-to-target trial comparing insulin detemir with insulin glargine when administered as add-on to glucose-lowering drugs in insulin-naive people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2008 4.62
2 Monitoring the targets of the St Vincent Declaration and the implementation of quality management in diabetes care: the DIABCARE initiative. The DIABCARE Monitoring Group of the St Vincent Declaration Steering Committee. Diabet Med 1993 1.92
3 Intensive attention improves glycaemic control in insulin-dependent diabetes without further advantage from home blood glucose monitoring: results of a controlled trial. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982 1.61
4 Effect of high dose inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in normal subjects. Thorax 1987 1.48
5 New insulin glargine 300 U/ml compared with glargine 100 U/ml in insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes on oral glucose-lowering drugs: a randomized controlled trial (EDITION 3). Diabetes Obes Metab 2015 1.47
6 Safety of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: metabolic deterioration and glycaemic autoregulation after deliberate cessation of infusion. Diabetologia 1982 1.46
7 A comparison of duration of first prescribed insulin therapy in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011 1.44
8 The UK Diabetes Dataset: a standard for information exchange. Diabetes Audit Working Group of the Research Unit of the Royal College of Physicians. British Diabetic Association. Diabet Med 1995 1.42
9 Diabetes care in general practice: an approach to audit of process and outcome. Br J Gen Pract 1993 1.40
10 A fifteen-month double-blind cross-over study of the efficacy and antigenicity of human and pork insulins. Diabet Med 1984 1.37
11 Basal and 24-h C-peptide and insulin secretion rate in normal man. Diabetologia 1987 1.36
12 Twice-daily compared with once-daily insulin glargine in people with Type 1 diabetes using meal-time insulin aspart. Diabet Med 2006 1.33
13 Management of severely brittle diabetes by continuous subcutaneous and intramuscular insulin infusions: evidence for a defect in subcutaneous insulin absorption. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981 1.32
14 Diagnostic confusion in diabetes with persistence of fetal haemoglobin. BMJ 1992 1.20
15 Premixed insulin aspart 30 vs. premixed human insulin 30/70 twice daily: a randomized trial in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med 2002 1.20
16 Circulating endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial function, carotid intima-media thickness and circulating markers of endothelial dysfunction in people with type 1 diabetes without macrovascular disease or microalbuminuria. Diabetologia 2009 1.19
17 A comparison of intermediate and long-acting insulins in people with type 2 diabetes starting insulin: an observational database study. Int J Clin Pract 2010 1.10
18 Intermediate acting insulin given at bedtime: effect on blood glucose concentrations before and after breakfast. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1983 1.09
19 A dataset to allow exchange of information for monitoring continuing diabetes care. The Diabetes Audit Working Group. Diabet Med 1993 1.08
20 Factors influencing initial choice of insulin therapy in a large international non-interventional study of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012 1.00
21 Diagnosing the undiagnosed with diabetes. BMJ 1994 1.00
22 Prevalence of morning hyperglycaemia: determinants of fasting blood glucose concentrations in insulin-treated diabetics. Diabet Med 1985 0.99
23 Improved glycaemic control with insulin glargine plus insulin lispro: a multicentre, randomized, cross-over trial in people with Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2006 0.99
24 Measurement of free insulin concentrations: the influence of the timing of extraction of insulin antibodies. Diabetologia 1985 0.99
25 A crossover comparison of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) against multiple insulin injections in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects: improved control with CSII. Diabetes Care 1984 0.99
26 Human insulin. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982 0.98
27 Primary-care observational database study of the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists and insulin in the UK. Diabet Med 2013 0.98
28 A laboratory trial of two new blood-glucose reflectance meters featuring automatic external calibration. Ann Clin Biochem 1984 0.97
29 Identifying the impact of diabetes research. Diabet Med 2006 0.97
30 Morphology of palpably abnormal injection sites and effects on absorption of isophane(NPH) insulin. Diabet Med 1990 0.96
31 Relationship between insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in cirrhosis. Hepatology 1991 0.96
32 Friedewald equation underestimates low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at low concentrations in young people with and without Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2010 0.96
33 Plasma free insulin profiles after administration of insulin by jet and conventional syringe injection. Diabetes Care 1982 0.95
34 A propensity score matched comparison of different insulin regimens 1 year after beginning insulin in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013 0.94
35 Comment on: Nauck MA, Duran S, Kim D et al (2007) A comparison of twice-daily exenatide and biphasic insulin aspart in patients with type 2 diabetes who were suboptimally controlled with sulfonylurea and metformin: a non-inferiority study. Diabetologia 50:259-267. Diabetologia 2007 0.94
36 Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus injection therapy: a randomized cross-over trial under usual diabetic clinic conditions. Diabet Med 1988 0.92
37 In vivo regulation of liver and skeletal muscle glycogen synthase activity by glucose and insulin. Diabetes 1986 0.92
38 Initiating oral glucose-lowering therapy with metformin in type 2 diabetic patients: an evidence-based strategy to reduce the burden of late-developing diabetes complications. Diabetes Metab 2004 0.92
39 A comparison of the activity and disposal of semi-synthetic human insulin and porcine insulin in normal man by the glucose clamp technique. Diabetologia 1982 0.92
40 The metabolic and hormonal response to acute normoglycaemia in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes: studies with a glucose controlled insulin infusion system (artificial endocrine pancreas). Diabetologia 1982 0.89
41 Double-blind crossover trial of isophane (NPH)- and lente-based insulin regimens. Diabetes Care 1989 0.89
42 The new insulins. Their characteristics and clinical indications. Drugs 1982 0.88
43 Different absorption of isophane (NPH) insulin from subcutaneous and intramuscular sites suggests a need to reassess recommended insulin injection technique. Diabet Med 1990 0.88
44 Insulin injection site tissue depths and localization of a simulated insulin bolus using a novel air contrast ultrasonographic technique in insulin treated diabetic subjects. Diabet Med 1992 0.86
45 Optimal timing of injection of once-daily insulin glargine in people with Type 1 diabetes using insulin lispro at meal-times. Diabet Med 2006 0.86
46 Early retinopathy progression in four randomized trials comparing insulin glargine and NPH [corrected] insulin. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007 0.86
47 Phrenic neuropathy in association with diabetes. Diabet Med 1992 0.85
48 Comparative study of subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous administration of human insulin. Lancet 1981 0.85
49 Forearm muscle metabolism in primary hypothyroidism. Eur J Clin Invest 1993 0.84
50 Problems and safety of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Diabet Med 1984 0.83
51 Comparison of portal and peripheral insulin delivery on carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Diabetologia 1985 0.83
52 Insulin insensitivity and skeletal muscle enzyme activities in response to overinsulinization in the rat. Metabolism 1987 0.83
53 A randomized trial of insulin aspart with intensified basal NPH insulin supplementation in people with Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2003 0.83
54 The effect of improved post-prandial blood glucose control on post-prandial metabolism and markers of vascular risk in people with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005 0.83
55 Insulin glargine: the first clinically useful extended-action insulin analogue. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2001 0.82
56 An exploratory study of the effect of using high-mix biphasic insulin aspart in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2009 0.82
57 The measurement of metabolite exchange across muscle beds. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987 0.82
58 Human insulin: study of safety and efficacy in man. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981 0.82
59 Muscle enzyme activity and insulin sensitivity in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1986 0.82
60 Liver and muscle insulin sensitivity, glycogen concentration and glycogen synthase activity in a rat model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetologia 1988 0.81
61 Insulin sensitivity in hyperthyroidism: measurement by the glucose clamp technique. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1983 0.81
62 Repeatability of measurements and sources of variability in tests of cardiovascular autonomic function. Br Heart J 1992 0.80
63 The effect of intraperitoneal insulin delivery on carbohydrate metabolism in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1992 0.80
64 Total-body potassium in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Clin Sci (Lond) 1990 0.80
65 Night-time metabolic changes in normal subjects in the absence of the dawn phenomenon. Diabete Metab 1989 0.79
66 A survey of lower limb amputation in diabetic patients. Diabet Med 1992 0.79
67 The performance of three measures of health status in an outpatient diabetes population. Diabet Med 1993 0.79
68 A comparison of the pharmacokinetics and metabolic effects of human regular and NPH insulin mixtures. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1991 0.79
69 Insulin glargine in combination with nateglinide in people with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Diabet Med 2007 0.79
70 Twenty-four hour C-peptide and insulin secretion rates and diurnal profiles of glucose, lipids and intermediary metabolites in cirrhosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 1992 0.78
71 A comparison of 3 methods for assessing insulin sensitivity in subjects with normal and abnormal glucose tolerance. Diabetes Res 1985 0.78
72 Comparison of the activity and pharmacokinetics of porcine insulin and human insulin (Novo) as assessed by the glucose clamp technique in normal and diabetic man. Diabetes Care 1983 0.78
73 Metabolic handling of orally administered glucose in cirrhosis. J Clin Invest 1993 0.78
74 The effect of the insulin analog lispro on nighttime blood glucose control in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1998 0.78
75 Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: comparison of plasma insulin profiles after infusion or bolus injection of the mealtime dose. Metabolism 1981 0.77
76 The effect of the optimal use of rapid-acting insulin analogues on insulin secretion in Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2006 0.77
77 A comparison of human ultralente- and lente-based twice-daily injection regimens. Diabet Med 1989 0.77
78 Plasma glucose and hypoglycaemia following exercise in people with Type 1 diabetes: a comparison of three basal insulins. Diabet Med 2009 0.77
79 Free insulin levels and metabolic effects of meal-time bolus and square-wave intraperitoneal insulin infusion in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetologia 1985 0.77
80 Hepatic glycogen metabolism and insulin receptor status after long-term peripheral insulin delivery in the islet-transplanted diabetic rat. Diabetes 1986 0.76
81 The effect of portal and peripheral insulin delivery on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a miniature pig model of human IDDM. Diabetologia 1997 0.76
82 The effects of human proinsulin on glucose turnover and intermediary metabolism. Metabolism 1991 0.76
83 Bioavailability of highly purified bovine ultralente insulin. Diabetes Care 1983 0.76
84 Glycosylated haemoglobin in cord blood following normal and diabetic pregnancies. Diabetologia 1983 0.76
85 Observations on blood lipid and intermediary metabolite concentrations during conventional insulin treatment or CSII. Diabetes 1985 0.76
86 Targets for glycated haemoglobin. Glycated haemoglobin targets are attainable. BMJ 1995 0.75
87 The response of blood intermediary metabolite levels to 24 hours treatment with a blood glucose-controlled insulin infusion system in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res 1984 0.75
88 Cost-effectiveness of CSII. Diabet Med 2006 0.75
89 Are reflectance meters necessary for home blood glucose monitoring? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981 0.75
90 An approach to manageable datasets in diabetes care. British Diabetic Association. Diabet Med 1994 0.75
91 Alternative routes and methods of insulin delivery. Neth J Med 1985 0.75
92 Autonomic function testing in diabetic subjects using sequential measurements. Diabet Med 1992 0.75
93 The changeover to U100 insulin in the United Kingdom. Neth J Med 1987 0.75
94 Optimization of evening insulin dose in patients using the short-acting insulin analog lispro. Diabetes Care 1998 0.75
95 Standardization of glycated haemoglobin. Diabet Med 2002 0.75
96 A comparison of two regimens for the management of diabetes during open-heart surgery. Anesthesiology 1984 0.75
97 Very low density lipoprotein metabolism after insulin over-treatment and during a euglycaemic clamp. Eur J Clin Invest 1987 0.75
98 Is diabetes always diabetes? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1992 0.75
99 Diabetes care: a guideline to the facilities needed to support internationally endorsed standards. Diabet Med 1995 0.75
100 Hormonal and metabolic responses in brittle diabetic patients during feedback intravenous insulin infusion. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1987 0.75
101 A comparison of the effects of semisynthetic human insulin and porcine insulin on transmembrane ion shifts and glucose metabolism during euglycaemic clamping. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1984 0.75
102 The contribution of proinsulin and des-31,32 proinsulin to the hyperinsulinemia of diabetic and nondiabetic cirrhotic patients. Metabolism 1995 0.75
103 Management of newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus: a retrospective audit. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1991 0.75
104 Time delay compensation for closed-loop insulin delivery systems: a simulation study. Int J Artif Organs 1991 0.75
105 Optimal provision of daytime NPH insulin in patients using the insulin analog lispro. Diabetes Care 1998 0.75
106 A study of the comparative safety and efficacy of neutral soluble human (semi-synthetic) and porcine monocomponent insulin in non-diabetic subjects. Diabete Metab 1982 0.75
107 Insulin insensitivity in type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 1987 0.75
108 The influence of glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia on renal glomerular function and circulating catecholamines in normal man. Diabetologia 1981 0.75
109 Comparison of portal and peripheral insulin delivery on lipid metabolism in streptozocin-diabetic rats. Diabetes 1985 0.75
110 Preservation of islet function and morphology after transplantation into high dose streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Diabetes Res 1986 0.75
111 Insulin treatment: a decade of change. Br Med Bull 1989 0.75
112 Effect of raising injection-site skin temperature on isophane (NPH) insulin crystal dissociation. Diabetes Care 1989 0.75
113 Appointments and turnover of consultants and senior registrars in diabetes and endocrinology in the UK, 1984 and 1985. Diabet Med 1987 0.75
114 Intermediary metabolism, insulin sensitivity and insulin receptor status under comparable long-term therapy with insulin injections and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1988 0.75
115 Conference on insulin pump therapy in diabetes. Multicenter study of effect on microvascular disease. The Central Biochemistry Laboratory in the Multicenter Kroc Study. Problems and proposals. Diabetes 1985 0.75
116 An approach to the use of the DO IT Study Group guidelines for supporting the optimal implementation of information systems in diabetes care. Diabet Med 1993 0.75
117 Which pump? Diabet Med 1986 0.75
118 A prospective study of the immunogenicity of porcine insulin in HLA-typed new insulin-treated diabetics. Diabetes Res 1985 0.75
119 Lipid metabolism in rat models of causes of hyperinsulinaemia in insulin treated man. Diabete Metab 1987 0.75
120 Overnight metabolic profiles in very young insulin-dependent diabetic children. Eur J Pediatr 1986 0.75
121 Problems and pitfalls of sulphonylurea therapy in older patients. Drugs Aging 1994 0.75
122 Impaired subcutaneous absorption of insulin in 'brittle' diabetics. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1982 0.75
123 Metabolic effects of physical exercise in insulin-dependent diabetics controlled by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or conventional injection therapy. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1984 0.75
124 Exercise augments the absorption of isophane (NPH) insulin. Diabet Med 1989 0.75
125 Does flexibility at mealtimes disturb blood glucose control on a multiple insulin injection regimen? Diabet Med 1991 0.75
126 Observations on the metabolic basis for altered insulin dose distribution in diabetic pregnancy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1987 0.75
127 Manpower changes in diabetes and endocrinology in the UK, 1985-1990. Diabet Med 1990 0.75