Published in BMJ on November 03, 2006
Isoniazid Prophylaxis With Concomitant Cotrimoxazole in HIV-infected Children | NCT00330304
Paediatric tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis (2008) 3.97
Primary isoniazid prophylaxis against tuberculosis in HIV-exposed children. N Engl J Med (2011) 3.29
Initial response to protease-inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy among children less than 2 years of age in South Africa: effect of cotreatment for tuberculosis. J Infect Dis (2010) 2.09
Anti-retroviral therapy reduces incident tuberculosis in HIV-infected children. Int J Epidemiol (2009) 1.96
Children and HIV/AIDS: from research to policy and action in resource-limited settings. AIDS (2008) 1.49
Clinical presentation and outcome of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus infected children on anti-retroviral therapy. BMC Pediatr (2008) 1.49
HIV and tuberculosis--science and implementation to turn the tide and reduce deaths. J Int AIDS Soc (2012) 1.21
Outcomes of isoniazid prophylaxis among HIV-infected children attending routine HIV care in Kenya. Public Health Action (2013) 1.13
HIV-1 infection in infants severely impairs the immune response induced by Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine. J Infect Dis (2009) 1.12
Tuberculosis as part of the natural history of HIV infection in developing countries. Clin Infect Dis (2010) 1.05
Efficacy of isoniazid prophylactic therapy in prevention of tuberculosis in children: a meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis (2014) 1.04
Tuberculosis screening in high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence settings: turning promise into reality. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis (2013) 1.03
Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in children. BMC Infect Dis (2014) 1.00
Validation of 2006 WHO prediction scores for true HIV infection in children less than 18 months with a positive serological HIV test. PLoS One (2009) 0.99
Adherence to isoniazid prophylaxis among HIV-infected children: a randomized controlled trial comparing two dosing schedules. BMC Med (2009) 0.93
Worsening and unmasking of tuberculosis in HIV-1 infected patients after initiating highly active anti-retroviral therapy in Uganda. Afr Health Sci (2008) 0.93
Ensuring the involvement of children in the evaluation of new tuberculosis treatment regimens. PLoS Med (2008) 0.92
Interpreting meta-analysis according to the adequacy of sample size. An example using isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for tuberculosis in purified protein derivative negative HIV-infected individuals. Clin Epidemiol (2010) 0.92
BCG Vaccination in HIV-Infected Children. Tuberc Res Treat (2011) 0.88
Global Burden of Childhood Tuberculosis. Pneumonia (Nathan) (2016) 0.85
The use of anti-tuberculosis therapy for latent TB infection. Infect Drug Resist (2010) 0.84
High prevalence of tuberculosis infection in HIV-1 exposed Kenyan infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2014) 0.84
High prevalence of drug resistance amongst HIV-exposed and -infected children in a tuberculosis prevention trial. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis (2012) 0.82
HIV-Associated Tuberculosis. Clin Dev Immunol (2010) 0.81
Confronting TB/HIV in the era of increasing anti-TB drug resistance. J Int AIDS Soc (2008) 0.80
The effect of tuberculosis treatment at combination antiretroviral therapy initiation on subsequent mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One (2013) 0.80
Isoniazid pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and dosing in South African infants. Ther Drug Monit (2012) 0.79
HIV: primary and secondary prophylaxis for opportunistic infections. BMJ Clin Evid (2010) 0.79
Tuberculosis in resource poor countries. BMJ (2007) 0.79
The impact of HIV and antiretroviral therapy on TB risk in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax (2017) 0.78
Risk of Disease After Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Exposure in Young HIV-uninfected Children. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2015) 0.78
Impact of isoniazid preventive therapy on mortality among children less than 5 years old following exposure to tuberculosis at home in Guinea-Bissau: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open (2013) 0.78
Tuberculosis: opportunities and challenges for the 90-90-90 targets in HIV-infected children. J Int AIDS Soc (2015) 0.78
A Description of Mortality Associated with IPT plus ART Compared to ART Alone among HIV-Infected Individuals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cohort Study. PLoS One (2015) 0.77
Debunking the myths perpetuating low implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy amongst human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. World J Virol (2015) 0.76
Randomized controlled trials of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment in Africa: results from the Cochrane HIV/AIDS Specialized Register. PLoS One (2011) 0.75
High Incidence of Tuberculosis in the Absence of Isoniazid and Cotrimoxazole Preventive Therapy in Children Living with HIV in Northern Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study. PLoS One (2016) 0.75
Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis among children at an HIV care program in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2014) 0.75
Getting to 90-90-90 in paediatric HIV: What is needed? J Int AIDS Soc (2015) 0.75
A systematic review of the reporting of Data Monitoring Committees' roles, interim analysis and early termination in pediatric clinical trials. BMC Pediatr (2009) 0.75
Survival of HIV-1 vertically infected children. Curr Opin HIV AIDS (2016) 0.75
Barriers in the implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy for people living with HIV in Northern Ethiopia: a mixed quantitative and qualitative study. BMC Public Health (2016) 0.75
Correlates of isoniazid preventive therapy failure in child household contacts with infectious tuberculosis in high burden settings in Nairobi, Kenya - a cohort study. BMC Infect Dis (2017) 0.75
Tuberculosis and pneumonia in HIV-infected children: an overview. Pneumonia (Nathan) (2016) 0.75
Tuberculosis in Children. Pediatr Clin North Am (2017) 0.75
Stakeholder perspectives for optimization of tuberculosis contact investigation in a high-burden setting. PLoS One (2017) 0.75
Co-trimoxazole as prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in HIV-infected Zambian children (CHAP): a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet (2004) 4.25
Induced sputum versus gastric lavage for microbiological confirmation of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants and young children: a prospective study. Lancet (2005) 4.24
Accelerated course of human immunodeficiency virus infection after tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (1995) 3.29
When to stop a clinical trial. BMJ (1992) 3.19
Isoniazid prophylaxis for tuberculosis in HIV infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. AIDS (1999) 3.04
Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV infected persons. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2004) 2.95
Lung diseases at necropsy in African children dying from respiratory illnesses: a descriptive necropsy study. Lancet (2002) 2.92
Effect of post-treatment isoniazid on prevention of recurrent tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected individuals: a randomised trial. Lancet (2000) 2.77
Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in children: a five-year prospective study in Rwanda. Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission Study Group. Pediatrics (1999) 2.69
Use of isoniazid for latent tuberculosis infection in a public health clinic. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (2003) 2.45
Isoniazid prophylaxis among Alaskan Eskimos: a final report of the bethel isoniazid studies. Am Rev Respir Dis (1979) 2.15
Tuberculosis preventive therapy for HIV-infected people in sub-Saharan Africa is cost-effective. AIDS (1999) 2.11
Effect of treatment of latent tuberculosis infection on the T cell response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. J Infect Dis (2005) 2.07
Increased disease burden and antibiotic resistance of bacteria causing severe community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children. Clin Infect Dis (2000) 2.02
Virological and immunological impact of tuberculosis on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease. J Infect Dis (2003) 1.90
Impact of human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection on clinical presentation, treatment outcome and survival in a cohort of Ethiopian children with tuberculosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2002) 1.74
Impact of HIV-1 co-infection on presentation and hospital-related mortality in children with culture proven pulmonary tuberculosis in Durban, South Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis (2002) 1.72
Impact of HIV infection on the development, clinical presentation, and outcome of tuberculosis among children in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. AIDS (1997) 1.63
Aetiology and outcome of pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children hospitalized in South Africa. Acta Paediatr (2001) 1.37
Effect of preventive treatment for tuberculosis in adults infected with HIV: systematic review of randomised placebo controlled trials. BMJ (1998) 1.34
Outcome of HIV infected children with culture confirmed tuberculosis. Arch Dis Child (2005) 1.30
Mechanism of action of diazaborines. Biochem Pharmacol (1998) 1.15
Clinical features and outcome in children admitted to a TB hospital in the Western Cape--the influence of HIV infection and drug resistance. S Afr Med J (2005) 1.08
Risk factors for development of tuberculosis after isoniazid chemoprophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis (2001) 1.01
In vitro inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase MabA by isoniazid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2004) 0.98
Tuberculosis in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis (2005) 0.92
Isonicotinic acid hydrazide: an anti-tuberculosis drug inhibits malarial transmission in the mosquito gut. Exp Parasitol (2004) 0.89
Potentiating action of rifampicin and isoniazid against Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. Lancet (1981) 0.86
Differential role of CYP2E1 binders and isoniazid on CYP2E1 protein modification in NADPH-dependent microsomal oxidative reactions: free radical scavenging ability of isoniazid. Free Radic Res (2002) 0.83
Isoniazid protects mice against endotoxin lethality without influencing tumor necrosis factor synthesis and release. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1991) 0.82
Early antiretroviral therapy and mortality among HIV-infected infants. N Engl J Med (2008) 17.12
Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a threat to global control of tuberculosis. Lancet (2010) 10.21
Multidrug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis treatment regimens and patient outcomes: an individual patient data meta-analysis of 9,153 patients. PLoS Med (2012) 4.69
Induced sputum versus gastric lavage for microbiological confirmation of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants and young children: a prospective study. Lancet (2005) 4.24
Antiretroviral treatment for children with peripartum nevirapine exposure. N Engl J Med (2010) 3.81
Primary isoniazid prophylaxis against tuberculosis in HIV-exposed children. N Engl J Med (2011) 3.29
The risk of disseminated Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) disease in HIV-infected children. Vaccine (2006) 3.16
Outcomes of the South African National Antiretroviral Treatment Programme for children: the IeDEA Southern Africa collaboration. S Afr Med J (2009) 2.97
Childhood pulmonary tuberculosis: old wisdom and new challenges. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (2006) 2.68
Specific T cell frequency and cytokine expression profile do not correlate with protection against tuberculosis after bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination of newborns. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (2010) 2.64
Nevirapine versus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir for HIV-infected children. N Engl J Med (2012) 2.50
Treatment outcomes for children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis (2012) 2.45
Virologic failure and second-line antiretroviral therapy in children in South Africa--the IeDEA Southern Africa collaboration. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (2011) 2.39
Hemodynamic changes associated with spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in severe preeclampsia. Anesthesiology (2008) 2.29
A refined symptom-based approach to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis in children. Pediatrics (2006) 2.21
Monitoring the South African National Antiretroviral Treatment Programme, 2003-2007: the IeDEA Southern Africa collaboration. S Afr Med J (2009) 2.17
New vaccines for tuberculosis. Lancet (2010) 2.14
Acquired drug resistance during inadequate therapy in a young child with tuberculosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2014) 2.02
Outcomes of antiretroviral therapy in children in Asia and Africa: a comparative analysis of the IeDEA pediatric multiregional collaboration. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (2013) 1.82
Childhood tuberculosis: an emerging and previously neglected problem. Infect Dis Clin North Am (2010) 1.78
The global cardiovascular diseases risk pattern in a peri-urban working-class community in South Africa. The Mamre study. Ethn Dis (2004) 1.73
Beta-carotene-rich orange-fleshed sweet potato improves the vitamin A status of primary school children assessed with the modified-relative-dose-response test. Am J Clin Nutr (2005) 1.69
Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and unmasking of tuberculosis by antiretroviral therapy. Clin Chest Med (2009) 1.68
High prevalence of tuberculosis in previously treated patients, Cape Town, South Africa. Emerg Infect Dis (2007) 1.65
Structured approaches for the screening and diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis in a high prevalence region of South Africa. Bull World Health Organ (2009) 1.62
Early antiretroviral therapy improves neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants. AIDS (2012) 1.59
Hemodynamic effects of ephedrine, phenylephrine, and the coadministration of phenylephrine with oxytocin during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology (2009) 1.58
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression in asthmatic school children. Pediatrics (2012) 1.51
A proposed radiological classification of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis. Pediatr Radiol (2004) 1.50
Clinical presentation and outcome of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus infected children on anti-retroviral therapy. BMC Pediatr (2008) 1.49
No decrease in annual risk of tuberculosis infection in endemic area in Cape Town, South Africa. Trop Med Int Health (2009) 1.47
Staff training and ambulatory tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a cluster randomized controlled trial in South Africa. Bull World Health Organ (2005) 1.43
Effect of HIV infection status and anti-retroviral treatment on quantitative and qualitative antibody responses to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants. J Infect Dis (2010) 1.39
Effect of a fortified maize-meal porridge on anemia, micronutrient status, and motor development of infants. Am J Clin Nutr (2005) 1.38
Protease inhibitor resistance in South African children with virologic failure. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2009) 1.37
Resistant Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin disease: implications for management of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2004) 1.36
Short intensified treatment in children with drug-susceptible tuberculous meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2014) 1.35
Lessons learnt from the first efficacy trial of a new infant tuberculosis vaccine since BCG. Tuberculosis (Edinb) (2013) 1.34
Initial experience of a public sector antiretroviral treatment programme for HIV-infected children and their infected parents. S Afr Med J (2004) 1.34
Culture-confirmed multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children: clinical features, treatment, and outcome. Clin Infect Dis (2011) 1.33
Outcome of HIV infected children with culture confirmed tuberculosis. Arch Dis Child (2005) 1.30
Beijing and Haarlem genotypes are overrepresented among children with drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. J Clin Microbiol (2006) 1.28
Isoniazid plasma concentrations in a cohort of South African children with tuberculosis: implications for international pediatric dosing guidelines. Clin Infect Dis (2009) 1.28
Antiretroviral drugs for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV: a review of potential effects on HIV-exposed but uninfected children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (2011) 1.26
Masking through averages--intraprovincial heterogeneity in HIV prevalence within the Western Cape. S Afr Med J (2006) 1.24
Streamlining tasks and roles to expand treatment and care for HIV: randomised controlled trial protocol. Trials (2008) 1.23
Comparison of T-SPOT.TB assay and tuberculin skin test for the evaluation of young children at high risk for tuberculosis in a community setting. Pediatrics (2009) 1.23
Bullying, violence, and risk behavior in South African school students. Child Abuse Negl (2007) 1.22
Paediatric use of second-line anti-tuberculosis agents: a review. Tuberculosis (Edinb) (2011) 1.19
The evidence for using conjugate vaccines to protect HIV-infected children against pneumococcal disease. Lancet Infect Dis (2007) 1.19
The challenges of success: adolescents with perinatal HIV infection. J Int AIDS Soc (2013) 1.19
Tuberculosis in healthcare workers and infection control measures at primary healthcare facilities in South Africa. PLoS One (2013) 1.18
Randomized trial of type 1 and type 3 oral monovalent poliovirus vaccines in newborns in Africa. J Infect Dis (2011) 1.17
Lopinavir exposure is insufficient in children given double doses of lopinavir/ritonavir during rifampicin-based treatment for tuberculosis. Antivir Ther (2011) 1.17
Unresolved antiretroviral treatment management issues in HIV-infected children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (2012) 1.17
Opsoclonus-myoclonus in an HIV-infected child on antiretroviral therapy--possible immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Eur J Paediatr Neurol (2005) 1.14
Association of human TLR1 and TLR6 deficiency with altered immune responses to BCG vaccination in South African infants. PLoS Pathog (2011) 1.13
Increased microbial translocation in ≤ 180 days old perinatally human immunodeficiency virus-positive infants as compared with human immunodeficiency virus-exposed uninfected infants of similar age. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2011) 1.11
High treatment success in children treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: an observational cohort study. Thorax (2013) 1.10
Virologic response in children treated with abacavir-compared with stavudine-based antiretroviral treatment: a South African multi-cohort analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2014) 1.09
Clinical features and outcome in children admitted to a TB hospital in the Western Cape--the influence of HIV infection and drug resistance. S Afr Med J (2005) 1.08
Toxicity and tolerability of fluoroquinolone-based preventive therapy for childhood contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2014) 1.08
High prevalence of lipoatrophy in pre-pubertal South African children on antiretroviral therapy: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr (2012) 1.08
Variability of growth in children starting antiretroviral treatment in southern Africa. Pediatrics (2012) 1.08
Failure of chemoprophylaxis with standard antituberculosis agents in child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2007) 1.08
Symptom-based screening of child tuberculosis contacts: improved feasibility in resource-limited settings. Pediatrics (2008) 1.06
Accuracy of immunological criteria for identifying virological failure in children on antiretroviral therapy - the IeDEA Southern Africa Collaboration. Trop Med Int Health (2011) 1.05
A proposed comprehensive classification of tuberculosis disease severity in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2012) 1.04
A critical look at the diagnostic value of culture-confirmation in childhood tuberculosis. J Infect (2006) 1.04
Measurement of risk and protective factors for drug use and anti-social behavior among high school students in South Africa. J Drug Educ (2002) 1.04
They think they know but do they? Misalignment of perceptions of lifestyle modification knowledge among health professionals. Public Health Nutr (2010) 1.03
Comparison of diagnostic criteria of tuberculous meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected children. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2006) 1.03
Human metapneumovirus infection in hospital referred South African children. J Med Virol (2004) 1.03
A rapid method for detection of five known mutations associated with aminoglycoside-induced deafness. BMC Med Genet (2009) 1.01
Management of children exposed to multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis (2012) 1.00
"HealthKick": formative assessment of the health environment in low-resource primary schools in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. BMC Public Health (2012) 1.00
Antimicrobial resistance in tuberculosis: an international perspective. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther (2006) 1.00
Detecting tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected children: a study of diagnostic accuracy, confounding and interaction. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2013) 1.00
The impact of a change in bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine policy on tuberculosis incidence in children in Cape Town, South Africa. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2006) 0.99
Drug-resistant tuberculosis: pediatric guidelines. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2011) 0.98
Retooling existing tuberculosis drugs for children. Clin Infect Dis (2012) 0.98
Secular trends in risk behaviour of Cape Town grade 8 students. S Afr Med J (2006) 0.98
Impact of drug resistance on clinical outcome in children with tuberculous meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2012) 0.97
Health promotion services for patients having non-comminicable diseases: feedback from patients and health care providers in Cape Town, South Africa. BMC Public Health (2012) 0.96
Preventive therapy for child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study. Clin Infect Dis (2013) 0.96
Hearing loss in children treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. J Infect (2012) 0.95
Association between passive smoking and infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children. Pediatrics (2007) 0.94