Vitamin D deficiency in children and its management: review of current knowledge and recommendations.

Prevalence and associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in US children: NHANES 2001-2004. Pediatrics (2009) 3.62

Decreased serum vitamin D levels in children with asthma are associated with increased corticosteroid use. J Allergy Clin Immunol (2010) 3.22

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels among US children aged 1 to 11 years: do children need more vitamin D? Pediatrics (2009) 2.99

Effect on the incidence of pneumonia of vitamin D supplementation by quarterly bolus dose to infants in Kabul: a randomised controlled superiority trial. Lancet (2012) 2.21

Rachitic changes, demineralization, and fracture risk in healthy infants and toddlers with vitamin D deficiency. Radiology (2011) 2.10

High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among inner-city African American youth with asthma in Washington, DC. J Pediatr (2010) 1.68

The vitamin D connection to pediatric infections and immune function. Pediatr Res (2009) 1.55

A Belgian consensus-statement on growing-up milks for children 12-36 months old. Eur J Pediatr (2014) 1.47

The etiology and significance of fractures in infants and young children: a critical multidisciplinary review. Pediatr Radiol (2016) 1.44

Vitamin D in atopic dermatitis, asthma and allergic diseases. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am (2010) 1.43

Global Consensus Recommendations on Prevention and Management of Nutritional Rickets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2016) 1.43

Does vitamin D make the world go 'round'? Breastfeed Med (2008) 1.35

Vitamin D deficiency in critically ill children. Pediatrics (2012) 1.32

Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D insufficiency in children: a Great Britain population based study. PLoS One (2011) 1.25

Maternal vitamin D status affects bone growth in early childhood--a prospective cohort study. Osteoporos Int (2010) 1.23

Steroid requirements and immune associations with vitamin D are stronger in children than adults with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol (2012) 1.22

Nutritional deficiencies in obesity and after bariatric surgery. Pediatr Clin North Am (2009) 1.21

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with pulmonary exacerbations in children with cystic fibrosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc (2014) 1.19

Vitamin D in childhood and adolescence: an expert position statement. Eur J Pediatr (2015) 1.17

Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol (2012) 1.16

Vitamin D deficiency in healthy breastfed term infants at 3 months & their mothers in India: seasonal variation & determinants. Indian J Med Res (2011) 1.16

High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children aged 1 month to 16 years in Hangzhou, China. BMC Public Health (2012) 1.15

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency rickets in the eastern part of Turkey. Eur J Pediatr (2008) 1.13

An inflection point of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D for maximal suppression of parathyroid hormone is not evident from multi-site pooled data in children and adolescents. J Nutr (2010) 1.12

Effect of vitamin D therapy in addition to amitriptyline on migraine attacks in pediatric patients. Braz J Med Biol Res (2014) 1.11

Health supervision in the management of children and adolescents with IBD: NASPGHAN recommendations. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr (2012) 1.10

Bone density assessment in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis: A preliminary report from patients with MPS II and VI. J Pediatr Rehabil Med (2010) 1.09

Impact of season and diet on vitamin D status of African American and Caucasian children. Clin Pediatr (Phila) (2011) 1.09

Vitamin D is a major determinant of bone mineral density at school age. PLoS One (2012) 1.08

Prevalence and risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in young patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr (2011) 1.06

Endocrine and metabolic emergencies in children: hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, adrenal insufficiency, and metabolic acidosis including diabetic ketoacidosis. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab (2015) 1.05

Tenofovir-associated bone density loss. Ther Clin Risk Manag (2010) 1.02

Prevention of vitamin D deficiency in mothers and infants worldwide - a paradigm shift. Paediatr Int Child Health (2012) 1.02

25-Hydroxyvitamin D response to cholecalciferol supplementation in hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol (2012) 1.01

Treatment of vitamin D insufficiency in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: a randomized clinical trial comparing three regimens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2012) 1.01

National Cancer Institute, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation Consortium First International Consensus Conference on late effects after pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation: the need for pediatric-specific long-term follow-up guidelines. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant (2012) 1.01

Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol (2011) 0.97

Increasing incidence of nutritional rickets: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Mayo Clin Proc (2013) 0.96

Prevention of Vitamin D deficiency in infancy: daily 400 IU vitamin D is sufficient. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol (2011) 0.96

Vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity is associated with high levels of circulating inflammatory mediators, and low insulin sensitivity. Int J Obes (Lond) (2013) 0.95

Vitamin d deficiency in obese children and its relationship to insulin resistance and adipokines. J Obes (2011) 0.94

Higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in school-age children are inconsistently associated with increased calcium absorption. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2009) 0.93

Rickets and vitamin D deficiency in Alaska native children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab (2015) 0.93

Vitamin D and depression: where is all the sunshine? Issues Ment Health Nurs (2010) 0.93

Bone density in peripubertal boys with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord (2013) 0.93

Rickets-vitamin D deficiency and dependency. Indian J Endocrinol Metab (2012) 0.92

Response to vitamin D3 supplementation in obese and non-obese Caucasian adolescents. Horm Res Paediatr (2012) 0.92

Endocrine and musculoskeletal abnormalities in patients with Down syndrome. Nat Rev Endocrinol (2009) 0.92

Osteoporosis in children: pediatric and pediatric rheumatology perspective: a review. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J (2009) 0.91

Vitamin D and tuberculosis: a multicenter study in children. BMC Infect Dis (2014) 0.91

Modifiable risk factors associated with tuberculosis disease in children in Pune, India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis (2014) 0.91

Circadian rhythm and cartilage extracellular matrix genes in osseointegration: a genome-wide screening of implant failure by vitamin D deficiency. PLoS One (2011) 0.90

Nutritional rickets. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol (2010) 0.90

Is vitamin D status known among children living in Northern Italy? Eur J Nutr (2011) 0.90

Childhood asthma and vitamin D deficiency in Turkey: is there cause and effect relationship between them? Ital J Pediatr (2013) 0.89

Nutritional adequacy of diets containing growing up milks or unfortified cow's milk in Irish children (aged 12-24 months). Food Nutr Res (2013) 0.89

Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in survivors of childhood cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer (2012) 0.88

Skeletal health of children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr (2011) 0.88

Causes, mechanisms and management of paediatric osteoporosis. Nat Rev Rheumatol (2013) 0.88

Bone health in children and adolescents with perinatal HIV infection. J Int AIDS Soc (2013) 0.87

Vitamin D deficiency in infants aged 1 to 6 months. Korean J Pediatr (2013) 0.87

Clinical characteristics and prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in children less than two years of age. Korean J Pediatr (2011) 0.86

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in iron-deficient and normal children under the age of 24 months. Blood Res (2013) 0.86

Vitamin D deficiency in children living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Indian J Endocrinol Metab (2012) 0.86

A review on vitamin d deficiency treatment in pediatric patients. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther (2013) 0.85

Vitamin D deficiency in children with a chronic illness-seasonal and age-related variations in serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D concentrations. PLoS One (2013) 0.84

A randomized clinical trial of vitamin D supplementation in healthy adolescents. J Adolesc Health (2012) 0.84

Vitamin D, osteocalcin, and risk for adiposity as comorbidities in middle school children. J Bone Miner Res (2012) 0.84

The effectiveness of a short food frequency questionnaire in determining vitamin D intake in children. Dermatoendocrinol (2013) 0.84

A novel pathogenic mutation of the CYP27B1 gene in a patient with vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1: a case report. BMC Res Notes (2014) 0.84

Vitamin D concentrations among healthy children in Calgary, Alberta. Paediatr Child Health (2011) 0.84

Associations between genetic variants in vitamin D metabolism and asthma characteristics in young African Americans: a pilot study. J Investig Med (2011) 0.84

Rickets: Part I. Pediatr Radiol (2012) 0.84

Low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the pediatric populations: prevalence and clinical outcomes. Ped Health (2010) 0.83

Consumption of non-cow's milk beverages and serum vitamin D levels in early childhood. CMAJ (2014) 0.83

Serum vitamin D levels in children with recurrent otitis media. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol (2013) 0.83

Vitamin D₃supplementation and childhood diarrhea: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics (2013) 0.83

Vitamin D supplementation blocks pulmonary structural and functional changes in a rat model of perinatal vitamin D deficiency. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol (2014) 0.83

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in girls and women with Rett syndrome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr (2011) 0.83

Maintenance of optimal vitamin D status in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: a randomized clinical trial comparing two regimens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2014) 0.82

Associations between serum vitamin D levels and precocious puberty in girls. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab (2014) 0.82

Bisphosphonate therapy in pediatric patients. J Diabetes Metab Disord (2014) 0.81

Vitamin D insufficiency and insulin resistance in obese adolescents. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab (2014) 0.81

Vitamin D Deficiency Is Prevalent in Morbidly Obese Adolescents Prior to Bariatric Surgery. ISRN Obes (2013) 0.81

Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter (2014) 0.81

Vitamin D deficiency presenting with cardiogenic shock in an infant. Ann Pediatr Cardiol (2011) 0.81

Dietary Intakes and Nutritional Issues in Neurologically Impaired Children. Nutrients (2015) 0.81

Trends in the Diagnosis of Vitamin D Deficiency. Pediatrics (2017) 0.81

Hypovitaminosis D and severe hypocalcaemia: the rebirth of an old disease. BMJ Case Rep (2013) 0.80

Vitamin d levels in children with bronchial asthma. J Clin Diagn Res (2014) 0.80

Dietary supplements and pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Present and the future. World J Hepatol (2015) 0.80

A potential role for adjunctive vitamin D therapy in the management of weight gain and metabolic side effects of second-generation antipsychotics. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab (2011) 0.80

Pediatric solid organ transplantation and osteoporosis: a descriptive study on bone histomorphometric findings. Pediatr Nephrol (2014) 0.80

Osteoporosis in paediatric patients with spina bifida. J Spinal Cord Med (2012) 0.80

Vitamin D status in diabetic Egyptian children and adolescents: a case-control study. Ital J Pediatr (2013) 0.80

Vitamin D deficiency in adolescents. Indian J Endocrinol Metab (2014) 0.80

Fat-soluble vitamins in cystic fibrosis and pancreatic insufficiency: efficacy of a nutrition intervention. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr (2014) 0.80

Vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with antiepileptic drug treatment. Yonsei Med J (2014) 0.79

The management of osteoporosis in children. Osteoporos Int (2016) 0.79

Vitamin D supplementation in children with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Res Notes (2015) 0.79

WNT5A mutations in patients with autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome. Dev Dyn (2010) 1.91

Molecular and biochemical characterization of two P450 enzymes in the ecdysteroidogenic pathway of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2002) 1.61

Phantom encodes the 25-hydroxylase of Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori: a P450 enzyme critical in ecdysone biosynthesis. Insect Biochem Mol Biol (2004) 1.57

Spook and Spookier code for stage-specific components of the ecdysone biosynthetic pathway in Diptera. Dev Biol (2006) 1.57

WT1 regulates epicardial epithelial to mesenchymal transition through β-catenin and retinoic acid signaling pathways. Dev Biol (2011) 1.53

Iron is essential for neuron development and memory function in mouse hippocampus. J Nutr (2009) 1.47

Wnt5 signaling in vertebrate pancreas development. BMC Biol (2005) 1.45

The effectiveness of glucose, sucrose, and fructose in treating hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes (2009) 1.42

Placental growth factor mediates mesenchymal cell development, cartilage turnover, and bone remodeling during fracture repair. J Clin Invest (2006) 1.39

Perinatal iron deficiency results in altered developmental expression of genes mediating energy metabolism and neuronal morphogenesis in hippocampus. Hippocampus (2007) 1.36

Wnt5a is required for cardiac outflow tract septation in mice. Pediatr Res (2007) 1.27

Bone morphogenic protein 2 directly enhances differentiation of murine osteoclast precursors. J Cell Biochem (2010) 1.26

Long-term follow-up of children who underwent hematopoeitic cell transplant (HCT) for AML or ALL at less than 3 years of age. Pediatr Blood Cancer (2007) 1.21

Enhanced osteoclastogenesis causes osteopenia in twisted gastrulation-deficient mice through increased BMP signaling. J Bone Miner Res (2009) 1.19

Early diagnosis of cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy in boys with Addison's disease improves survival and neurological outcomes. Eur J Pediatr (2011) 1.13

Type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. Can J Diabetes (2013) 1.11

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab (2008) 1.04

National Cancer Institute, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation Consortium First International Consensus Conference on late effects after pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation: the need for pediatric-specific long-term follow-up guidelines. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant (2012) 1.01

Twisted gastrulation limits apoptosis in the distal region of the mandibular arch in mice. Dev Biol (2009) 1.00

Iron deficiency in international adoptees from Eastern Europe. J Pediatr (2008) 0.98

Bone morphogenetic proteins signal via SMAD and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways at distinct times during osteoclastogenesis. J Biol Chem (2013) 0.97

Long-acting octreotide treatment causes a sustained decrease in ghrelin concentrations but does not affect weight, behaviour and appetite in subjects with Prader-Willi syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol (2008) 0.96

Modifiable risk factors associated with bone deficits in childhood cancer survivors. BMC Pediatr (2012) 0.96

NCI, NHLBI/PBMTC first international conference on late effects after pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation: endocrine challenges-thyroid dysfunction, growth impairment, bone health, & reproductive risks. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant (2011) 0.96

The role of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I in treating children with short stature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2007) 0.95

Iron deficiency alters expression of genes implicated in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. Brain Res (2008) 0.94

BMP-binding protein twisted gastrulation is required in mammary gland epithelium for normal ductal elongation and myoepithelial compartmentalization. Dev Biol (2012) 0.93

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 signaling in osteoclasts is negatively regulated by the BMP antagonist, twisted gastrulation. J Cell Biochem (2011) 0.93

Brief report: Hope, perceived maternal empathy, medical regimen adherence, and glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Psychol (2009) 0.92

State of the Art Review: Emerging Therapies: The Use of Insulin Sensitizers in the Treatment of Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Int J Pediatr Endocrinol (2011) 0.90

Diabetic ketoacidosis and pediatric stroke. CMAJ (2005) 0.89

Auxological evaluation and determinants of growth failure at the time of adoption in Eastern European adoptees. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab (2009) 0.89

Hippocampus specific iron deficiency alters competition and cooperation between developing memory systems. J Neurodev Disord (2010) 0.86

Perinatal goiter with increased iodine uptake and hypothyroidism due to excess maternal iodine ingestion. Horm Res (2009) 0.86

Embryonic salivary gland dysmorphogenesis in Twisted gastrulation deficient mice. Arch Oral Biol (2005) 0.86

New insight into the pathophysiology of severe hypothyroidism in an infant with multiple hepatic hemangiomas. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab (2005) 0.86

Adoption as an intervention for institutionally reared children: HPA functioning and developmental status. Infant Behav Dev (2012) 0.85

Determinants of catch-up growth in international adoptees from eastern europe. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol (2010) 0.85

Glycosylation of Twisted Gastrulation is Required for BMP Binding and Activity during Craniofacial Development. Front Physiol (2011) 0.85

Adverse effects of growth hormone replacement therapy in children. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol (2011) 0.84

Comparison of conventional and non-invasive techniques for the early identification of diabetic neuropathy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes (2006) 0.84

Compartmentalization of bone morphogenetic proteins and their antagonists in lymphoid progenitors and supporting microenvironments and functional implications. Immunology (2011) 0.84

The molecular and cellular basis of variable craniofacial phenotypes and their genetic rescue in Twisted gastrulation mutant mice. Dev Biol (2011) 0.84

Iron deficiency after arrival is associated with general cognitive and behavioral impairment in post-institutionalized children adopted from Eastern Europe. Matern Child Health J (2013) 0.84

Impact of treatment exposures on cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance in childhood cancer survivors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev (2013) 0.83

The influence of therapeutic radiation on the patterns of bone remodeling in ovary-intact and ovariectomized mice. Calcif Tissue Int (2013) 0.82

Pediatric hypocalcemia: making the diagnosis. CMAJ (2007) 0.81

A novel role of BMP4 in adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell homing via Smad independent regulation of integrin-α4 expression. Blood (2012) 0.81

Involvement of twisted gastrulation in T cell-independent plasma cell production. J Immunol (2011) 0.81

Treatment of symptomatic osteoporosis in children: a comparison of two pamidronate dosage regimens. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab (2011) 0.80

Twisted gastrulation expression in cholangiocellular and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Pathol (2012) 0.80

Evaluation of sublingual microcirculation in children with dengue shock. Clinics (Sao Paulo) (2013) 0.79

Endocrine complications following pediatric bone marrow transplantation. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab (2011) 0.79

Thymic hyperplasia in a child treated with growth hormone. Growth Horm IGF Res (2006) 0.79

Growth-attenuation therapy: principles for practice. Pediatrics (2009) 0.78

First phase insulin release and glucose tolerance in children with Fanconi anemia after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer (2009) 0.78

Pediatric stroke associated with new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: case reports and review of the literature. Pediatr Diabetes (2006) 0.78

Maternal diet supplementation with methyl donors and increased parity affect the incidence of craniofacial defects in the offspring of twisted gastrulation mutant mice. J Nutr (2013) 0.78

Growth hormone treatment of patients with Fanconi anemia after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer (2013) 0.78

Differential Expression of Sonic Hedgehog Protein in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res (2015) 0.77

Self-renewal of neural stem cells: implications for future therapies. Front Physiol (2013) 0.77

Complementary and alternative medicine use in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Paediatr Child Health (2011) 0.76

Leydig cell tumour in a 46,XX child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Horm Res Paediatr (2013) 0.76

Managing type 1 diabetes in school: Recommendations for policy and practice. Paediatr Child Health (2015) 0.76

Autosomal dominant mesomandibular fibro-osseous dysplasia: a self-resolving inherited fibro-osseous lesion of the jaws. Front Physiol (2012) 0.75

Starting subcutaneous insulin doses in a paediatric population with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Paediatr Child Health (2010) 0.75

Insulin detemir in a twice daily insulin regimen versus a three times daily insulin regimen in the treatment of type 1 diabetes in children: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol (2011) 0.75

Consensus and discordance in the management of growth hormone-treated patients: results of a knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices survey. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol (2010) 0.75

Pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis. CMAJ (2003) 0.75

A swelling in the neck. Am Fam Physician (2006) 0.75

[Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of the infancy: analysis of clinical data from a Brazilian sample]. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol (2012) 0.75

Association between cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness in prepubertal Brazilian children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab (2015) 0.75

The use of hormonal therapy in pediatric heart disease. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) (2009) 0.75

Virilization in two pre-pubertal children exposed to topical androgen. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab (2013) 0.75