Synergy and antagonism in cause-effect relationships.

PubWeight™: 2.57‹?› | Rank: Top 1%

🔗 View Article (PMID 4841816)

Published in Am J Epidemiol on June 01, 1974

Authors

K J Rothman

Articles citing this

Job strain, work place social support, and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study of a random sample of the Swedish working population. Am J Public Health (1988) 5.85

Prediction and interaction in complex disease genetics: experience in type 1 diabetes. PLoS Genet (2009) 3.64

Childhood adversity, adult stressful life events, and risk of past-year psychiatric disorder: a test of the stress sensitization hypothesis in a population-based sample of adults. Psychol Med (2009) 2.66

Basic problems in interaction assessment. Environ Health Perspect (1993) 2.46

Synergism between obesity and alcohol in increasing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective cohort study. Am J Epidemiol (2013) 2.44

The overlap syndrome of depression and delirium in older hospitalized patients. J Am Geriatr Soc (2009) 2.12

GEIRA: gene-environment and gene-gene interaction research application. Eur J Epidemiol (2011) 1.50

The synergistic effect of concomitant schistosomiasis, hookworm, and trichuris infections on children's anemia burden. PLoS Negl Trop Dis (2008) 1.49

Syndemics of psychosocial problems and HIV risk: A systematic review of empirical tests of the disease interaction concept. Soc Sci Med (2015) 1.48

Measuring additive interaction using odds ratios. Epidemiol Perspect Innov (2006) 1.41

Independent and joint effects of the MAPT and SNCA genes in Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol (2011) 1.40

Quantification of the role of smoking and chewing tobacco in oral, pharyngeal, and oesophageal cancers. Br J Cancer (1977) 1.34

Obesity and mortality risk among younger dialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol (2012) 1.29

Remarks on antagonism. Am J Epidemiol (2011) 1.26

Should gestational weight gain recommendations be tailored by maternal characteristics? Am J Epidemiol (2011) 1.25

The synergy factor: a statistic to measure interactions in complex diseases. BMC Res Notes (2009) 1.17

The severity of breast cancer at diagnosis: a comparison of age and extent of disease in black and white women. Am J Public Health (1986) 1.13

Determinants of chronic bronchitis and lung dysfunction in Western Australian gold miners. Br J Ind Med (1987) 1.11

Professional driving, smoking, and lung cancer: a case referent study. Br J Ind Med (1985) 1.08

Maternal vitamin D status and the risk of mild and severe preeclampsia. Epidemiology (2014) 1.05

Reducing aluminum: an occupation possibly associated with bladder cancer. Can Med Assoc J (1981) 1.00

Evaluation of removable statistical interaction for binary traits. Stat Med (2012) 0.99

Contrasting theories of interaction in epidemiology and toxicology. Environ Health Perspect (2012) 0.94

Invited commentary: How big is that interaction (in my community)--and in which direction? Am J Epidemiol (2014) 0.91

A case-control study of head and neck cancer in the Republic of Ireland. Br J Cancer (1981) 0.88

RAS gene polymorphisms, classical risk factors and the advent of coronary artery disease in the Portuguese population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord (2008) 0.86

The -930A>G polymorphism of the CYBA gene is associated with premature coronary artery disease. A case-control study and gene-risk factors interactions. Mol Biol Rep (2014) 0.85

The epidemiology of polyparasitism and implications for morbidity in two rural communities of Côte d'Ivoire. Parasit Vectors (2014) 0.84

Perinatal conditions and parental age at birth as risk markers for subsequent suicide attempt and suicide: a population based case-control study. Eur J Epidemiol (2012) 0.83

A conditional synergy index to assess biological interaction. Eur J Epidemiol (2009) 0.80

Coronary artery calcium and physical performance as determinants of mortality in older age: the AGES-Reykjavik Study. Int J Cardiol (2013) 0.78

Additive interactions between susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified in genome-wide association studies and breast cancer risk factors in the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium. Am J Epidemiol (2014) 0.78

Evaluating Additive Interaction Using Survival Percentiles. Epidemiology (2016) 0.78

Commentary: reporting and assessing evidence for interaction: why, when and how? Int J Epidemiol (2012) 0.77

Enhancement of the pneumotoxic effect of cadmium acetate by ionizing radiation in the rat. Environ Health Perspect (1993) 0.76

Inherited thrombophilia and stratification of ischaemic stroke risk among users of oral contraceptives. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (2006) 0.76

The Effects of Pre-Existing Hyponatremia and Subsequent-Developing Acute Kidney Injury on In-Hospital Mortality: A Retrospective Cohort Study. PLoS One (2016) 0.75

The Interaction of Apolipoprotein E and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Dna Polymorphisms with Hypertension on Early Ischemic Stroke Risk. EJIFCC (2010) 0.75

The scientific assessment of combined effects of risk factors: different approaches in experimental biosciences and epidemiology. Eur J Epidemiol (2010) 0.75

Obesity and risk of death or dialysis in younger and older patients on specialized pre-dialysis care. PLoS One (2017) 0.75

Hypoalbuminemia at admission predicts the development of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One (2017) 0.75

Effect modification, interaction and mediation: an overview of theoretical insights for clinical investigators. Clin Epidemiol (2017) 0.75

Articles by these authors

(truncated to the top 100)

No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology (1990) 23.80

Causes. Am J Epidemiol (1976) 5.78

A show of confidence. N Engl J Med (1978) 4.90

Concepts of interaction. Am J Epidemiol (1980) 4.80

Multivitamin/folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy reduces the prevalence of neural tube defects. JAMA (1989) 4.52

Ethics of a prostate cancer screening trial. Lancet (1994) 4.21

Epidemiology and the internet. Epidemiology (1997) 3.48

A sobering start for the cluster busters' conference. Am J Epidemiol (1990) 3.33

Conflict of interest. The new McCarthyism in science. JAMA (1993) 3.02

Induction and latent periods. Am J Epidemiol (1981) 2.93

The estimation of synergy or antagonism. Am J Epidemiol (1976) 2.92

Replacement estrogens and endometrial cancer. N Engl J Med (1979) 2.65

Science and policy making. Am J Public Health (1985) 2.45

Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: historical cohort study. BMJ (1997) 2.29

That confounded P-value. Epidemiology (1998) 2.26

Predictive values, relative risks, and overall benefits of high and low maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening in singleton pregnancies: new epidemiologic data. Am J Obstet Gynecol (1989) 2.12

Excess melanoma incidence in a cohort exposed to high levels of environmental selenium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev (1998) 2.10

The incidence and severity of burn injuries following Project Burn Prevention. Am J Public Health (1982) 2.05

Spermicide use and Down's syndrome. Am J Public Health (1982) 2.00

Epidemiology of laryngeal cancer. Epidemiol Rev (1980) 1.90

Exogenous hormones and other drug exposures of children with congenital heart disease. Am J Epidemiol (1979) 1.83

The epidemiologist's lament. Am J Public Health (1981) 1.78

Utility of telephone company records for epidemiologic studies of cellular telephones. Epidemiology (1996) 1.77

Epidemiologic methods in clinical trials. Cancer (1977) 1.76

The epidemic of endometrial cancer: a commentary. Am J Public Health (1980) 1.74

Vaginal spermicides and congenital disorders. JAMA (1981) 1.74

Placebo mania. BMJ (1996) 1.72

Mortality in current and former users of clozapine. Epidemiology (1997) 1.58

Vasectomy and non-fatal myocardial infarction. Lancet (1981) 1.54

Birth weight and length as predictors for adult height. Am J Epidemiol (1999) 1.53

The rise and fall of epidemiology, 1950--2000 A.D. N Engl J Med (1981) 1.51

Epidemiology of endometrial cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst (1977) 1.50

Clustering of disease. Am J Public Health (1987) 1.49

Projections of asbestos-related disease 1980-2009. J Occup Med (1983) 1.49

Relation between weight and length at birth and body mass index in young adulthood: cohort study. BMJ (1997) 1.42

Significance questing. Ann Intern Med (1986) 1.41

Lymphatic and haematopoietic cancer mortality in a population attending school adjacent to styrene-butadiene facilities, 1963-1993. J Epidemiol Community Health (1999) 1.41

Mortality among employees of a nuclear power company. J Occup Med (1988) 1.39

Journal policies on conflict of interest. Science (1993) 1.38

Early menopause and the risk of myocardial infarction. Am J Obstet Gynecol (1981) 1.36

Oral contraceptive use in relation to nonfatal myocardial infarction. Am J Epidemiol (1980) 1.32

Oral contraceptives and breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol (1980) 1.32

Exploring the relation of alcohol consumption to risk of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol (2001) 1.32

Models of varying parametric form in case-referent studies. Am J Epidemiol (1982) 1.30

Chemical quality of maternal drinking water and congenital heart disease. Int J Epidemiol (1988) 1.30

Longevity of jazz musicians: flawed analysis. Am J Public Health (1992) 1.30

A prospective study of the risk of congenital defects associated with maternal obesity and diabetes mellitus. Epidemiology (2000) 1.29

Preschool physical activity level and change in body fatness in young children. The Framingham Children's Study. Am J Epidemiol (1995) 1.29

Estimation of confidence limits for the cumulative probability of survival in life table analysis. J Chronic Dis (1978) 1.28

Changing seasonality of mortality from coronary heart disease. JAMA (1997) 1.24

Work-related risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Am J Epidemiol (1984) 1.19

Congenital heart disease in relation to maternal use of Bendectin and other drugs in early pregnancy. N Engl J Med (1985) 1.19

The ethics of research sponsorship. J Clin Epidemiol (1991) 1.18

Birthweight of children with phenylketonuria. Pediatrics (1976) 1.18

Sex, birth order, and maternal age characteristics of infants with congenital heart defects. Am J Epidemiol (1976) 1.17

Writing for epidemiology. Epidemiology (1998) 1.16

Risk of specific congenital abnormalities in offspring of women with diabetes. Diabet Med (2005) 1.16

Interaction of alcohol and tobacco in laryngeal cancer. Am J Epidemiol (1982) 1.14

Vaginal spermicides and gonorrhea. JAMA (1982) 1.12

Fetal loss, twinning and birth weight after oral-contraceptive use. N Engl J Med (1977) 1.12

Cause-specific mortality in cellular telephone users. JAMA (1999) 1.10

Maternal age and birth rank of women with breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst (1980) 1.08

Epidemiology of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. Otolaryngol Clin North Am (1985) 1.07

Pyloric stenosis and maternal Bendectin exposure. Am J Epidemiol (1984) 1.07

Replacement estrogens and breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol (1980) 1.06

Potato blight and neural-tube defects. Lancet (1973) 1.06

Our conscientious objection to the epidemiology wars. J Epidemiol Community Health (1998) 1.05

Low birth weight and preterm delivery as risk factors for asthma and atopic dermatitis in young adult males. Epidemiology (2000) 1.02

Myocardial infarction and other vascular diseases in young women. Role of estrogens and other factors. JAMA (1978) 1.02

Occupational risk for laryngeal cancer. Am J Public Health (1982) 1.01

The prevalence of human dental caries and water-borne trace metals. Arch Oral Biol (1973) 1.01

Maternal heat exposure and neural tube defects. JAMA (1992) 1.00

An independent analysis of the National Cancer Institute study on non-nutritive sweeteners and bladder cancer. Am J Public Health (1982) 0.99

Epidemiologic science and public health policy. J Clin Epidemiol (1990) 0.98

The proportion of cancer attributable to alcohol consumption. Prev Med (1980) 0.98

Birth outcome in women with breast cancer. Br J Cancer (2006) 0.98

Mortality of cellulose fiber production workers. Scand J Work Environ Health (1990) 0.97

Hospitalization rates in vasectomized men. JAMA (1981) 0.97

Noncontraceptive estrogens and nonfatal myocardial infarction. JAMA (1978) 0.96

Kidney cancer and hydrocarbon exposures among petroleum refinery workers. Environ Health Perspect (1993) 0.96

Does month of birth affect risk of Crohn's disease in childhood and adolescence? BMJ (2001) 0.95

Coffee and tea consumption and breast disease. Surgery (1981) 0.94

Oral contraceptives and birth defects. N Engl J Med (1978) 0.94

Mortality from cancer of the colon or rectum among workers exposed to ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate. Scand J Work Environ Health (1991) 0.94

Epidemiology of pelvic inflammatory disease. Epidemiology (1994) 0.93

Relation between diagnoses on severity, sick leave and loss of job among patients with occupational hand eczema. Br J Dermatol (2005) 0.93

Causes. 1976. Am J Epidemiol (1995) 0.93

Evaluation of cancer risk related to atopic dermatitis and use of topical calcineurin inhibitors. Br J Dermatol (2011) 0.92

Mortality update of cellulose fiber production workers. Scand J Work Environ Health (1993) 0.90

Incidence rates of malignancies and hospitalized infectious events in patients with psoriasis with or without treatment and a general population in the U.S.A.: 2005-09. Br J Dermatol (2014) 0.90

Long-term follow-up of cognitive outcome after breech presentation at birth. Epidemiology (1999) 0.90

A pictorial representation of confounding in epidemiologic studies. J Chronic Dis (1975) 0.90

Historical cohort study of in utero exposure to uterotonic drugs and cognitive function in young adult life. BMJ (1999) 0.90

Judging words rather than authors. Epidemiology (1997) 0.88

Oral contraceptives and nonfatal stroke in healthy young women. Ann Intern Med (1978) 0.86

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and risk of venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost (2011) 0.86

Effect of home and hospital delivery on long-term cognitive function. Epidemiology (2000) 0.86

Epidemiology of trigeminal neuralgia. J Chronic Dis (1973) 0.86

Fluoridation and the occurrence of Down's syndrome. N Engl J Med (1974) 0.85

Oral contraceptives and nonfatal myocardial infarction. JAMA (1978) 0.84