Kinetics of baseball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms.

PubWeight™: 3.42‹?› | Rank: Top 1%

🔗 View Article (PMID 7778711)

Published in Am J Sports Med on July 07, 1995

Authors

G S Fleisig1, J R Andrews, C J Dillman, R F Escamilla

Author Affiliations

1: Research Research Division, American Sports Medicine Institute, Birmingham, AL 35255-0039, USA.

Associated clinical trials:

Prevention of Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Injuries in Minor League Pitchers | NCT02749760

Articles citing this

(truncated to the top 100)

Validation of a new model-based tracking technique for measuring three-dimensional, in vivo glenohumeral joint kinematics. J Biomech Eng (2006) 1.88

Trunk-rotation flexibility in collegiate softball players with or without a history of shoulder or elbow injury. J Athl Train (2012) 1.38

Prevention of elbow injuries in youth baseball pitchers. Sports Health (2012) 1.32

The acute effects of sleeper stretches on shoulder range of motion. J Athl Train (2008) 1.23

Elastic energy storage in the shoulder and the evolution of high-speed throwing in Homo. Nature (2013) 1.11

Assessing posterior shoulder contracture: the reliability and validity of measuring glenohumeral joint horizontal adduction. J Athl Train (2007) 1.06

The kinetic chain in overhand pitching: its potential role for performance enhancement and injury prevention. Sports Health (2010) 1.04

Associations among hip and shoulder range of motion and shoulder injury in professional baseball players. J Athl Train (2010) 1.01

Shoulder joint loading in the high performance flat and kick tennis serves. Br J Sports Med (2007) 0.97

Shoulder pain in the overhead throwing athlete. Sports Health (2009) 0.96

Baseball pitching biomechanics in relation to injury risk and performance. Sports Health (2009) 0.96

A 12-week rehabilitation program improves body composition, pain sensation, and internal/external torques of baseball pitchers with shoulder impingement symptom. J Exerc Rehabil (2014) 0.95

A profile of glenohumeral internal and external rotation motion in the uninjured high school baseball pitcher, part II: strength. J Athl Train (2011) 0.94

The effect of humeral torsion on rotational range of motion in the shoulder and throwing performance. J Anat (2012) 0.94

Current concepts in the evaluation and treatment of the shoulder in overhead-throwing athletes, part 1: physical characteristics and clinical examination. Sports Health (2010) 0.93

Functional fatigue and upper extremity sensorimotor system acuity in baseball athletes. J Athl Train (2007) 0.93

Débridement of small partial-thickness rotator cuff tears in elite overhead throwers. Clin Orthop Relat Res (2008) 0.92

Current concepts in the evaluation and treatment of the shoulder in overhead throwing athletes, part 2: injury prevention and treatment. Sports Health (2010) 0.92

Radial shortening osteotomy reduces radiocapitellar contact pressures while preserving valgus stability of the elbow. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc (2017) 0.90

Evaluation of impingement syndromes in the overhead-throwing athlete. J Athl Train (2000) 0.88

Humeral retrotorsion in collegiate baseball pitchers with throwing-related upper extremity injury history. Sports Health (2011) 0.88

Advances in the understanding of throwing injuries of the shoulder. Br J Sports Med (1996) 0.87

Data-based interval throwing programs for baseball players. Sports Health (2009) 0.86

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction: Anatomy, Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes. Sports Health (2015) 0.84

Lumbopelvic control and days missed because of injury in professional baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med (2014) 0.84

An 8-stage model for evaluating the tennis serve: implications for performance enhancement and injury prevention. Sports Health (2011) 0.84

Baseball throwing mechanics as they relate to pathology and performance - a review. J Sports Sci Med (2007) 0.84

Rehabilitation of the Overhead Athlete's Elbow. Sports Health (2012) 0.84

The epidemiology of single season musculoskeletal injuries in professional baseball. Orthop Rev (Pavia) (2013) 0.83

Advances and utility of diagnostic ultrasound in musculoskeletal medicine. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med (2008) 0.83

Relationship between the medial elbow adduction moment during pitching and ulnar collateral ligament appearance during magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. Am J Sports Med (2011) 0.83

Current concepts in examination and treatment of elbow tendon injury. Sports Health (2013) 0.82

Evolution of the treatment options of ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the elbow. Br J Sports Med (2006) 0.82

Glenohumeral motion deficits: friend or foe? Int J Sports Phys Ther (2013) 0.81

The thrower's elbow: arthroscopic treatment of valgus extension overload syndrome. HSS J (2006) 0.81

Biomechanics of the elbow joint in tennis players and relation to pathology. Br J Sports Med (2007) 0.81

Pitch velocity is a predictor of medial elbow distraction forces in the uninjured high school-aged baseball pitcher. Sports Health (2012) 0.81

Specimen-specific method for quantifying glenohumeral joint kinematics. Ann Biomed Eng (2010) 0.81

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction: The Rush Experience. Orthop J Sports Med (2016) 0.81

Evaluation of the thickness of the medial ulnar collateral ligament in junior high and high school baseball players. J Med Ultrason (2001) (2014) 0.80

Superior labrum anterior to posterior lesions of the shoulder: Diagnosis and arthroscopic management. World J Orthop (2014) 0.79

Upper limb biomechanics during the volleyball serve and spike. Sports Health (2010) 0.79

Postero-medial elbow problems in the adult athlete. Br J Sports Med (2006) 0.79

Adaptations of the Shoulder to Overhead Throwing in Youth Athletes. J Athl Train (2015) 0.79

Posterosuperior and anterosuperior impingement of the shoulder in overhead athletes-evolving concepts. Int Orthop (2010) 0.79

A total motion release warm-up improves dominant arm shoulder internal and external rotation in baseball players. Int J Sports Phys Ther (2014) 0.78

Does a SLAP lesion affect shoulder muscle recruitment as measured by EMG activity during a rugby tackle? J Orthop Surg Res (2010) 0.78

The effects of repetitive overhead throwing on shoulder rotator isokinetic work-fatigue. N Am J Sports Phys Ther (2007) 0.78

The role of shoulder maximum external rotation during throwing for elbow injury prevention in baseball players. J Sports Sci Med (2008) 0.78

The Development of Humeral Retrotorsion and Its Relationship to Throwing Sports. Sports Health (2015) 0.77

The relationship between glenohumeral joint total rotational range of motion and the functional movement screen™ shoulder mobility test. Int J Sports Phys Ther (2014) 0.77

Current concepts in shoulder examination of the overhead athlete. Int J Sports Phys Ther (2013) 0.77

A biomechanical comparison of pitching from a mound versus flat ground in adolescent baseball pitchers. Sports Health (2013) 0.77

Recovery of upper extremity sensorimotor system acuity in baseball athletes after a throwing-fatigue protocol. J Athl Train (2008) 0.77

Pitching mechanics, revisited. Int J Sports Phys Ther (2013) 0.77

Elbow injuries in the young athlete--an orthopedic perspective. Pediatr Radiol (2013) 0.77

The proximal origins of the flexor-pronator muscles and their role in the dynamic stabilization of the elbow joint: an anatomical study. Surg Radiol Anat (2013) 0.77

The Coracoacromial Ligament: Anatomy, Function, and Clinical Significance. Orthop J Sports Med (2017) 0.76

Does Repair of a Hill-Sachs Defect Increase Stability at the Glenohumeral Joint? Orthop J Sports Med (2016) 0.76

Does posteromedial chondromalacia reduce rate of return to play after ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction? Clin Orthop Relat Res (2012) 0.76

A new manual method for assessing elbow valgus laxity. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol (2012) 0.76

Computing muscle, ligament, and osseous contributions to the elbow varus moment during baseball pitching. Ann Biomed Eng (2014) 0.76

A biomechanical model correlating shoulder kinetics to pain in young baseball pitchers. J Hum Kinet (2012) 0.76

Correlation of Shoulder and Elbow Kinetics With Ball Velocity in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers. J Athl Train (2015) 0.76

Optimal management of ulnar collateral ligament injury in baseball pitchers. Open Access J Sports Med (2015) 0.76

Three-Tesla MR imaging of the elbow in non-symptomatic professional baseball pitchers. Skeletal Radiol (2014) 0.75

Asymptomatic elite young tennis players show lateral and ventral growth plate alterations of proximal humerus on MRI. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc (2016) 0.75

Shoulder rotator muscle dynamometry characteristics: side asymmetry and correlations with ball-throwing speed in adolescent handball players. J Hum Kinet (2014) 0.75

Effective ways of restoring muscular imbalances of the rotator cuff muscle group: a comparative study of various training methods. Br J Sports Med (2004) 0.75

Relationship Between Tightness of the Hip Joint and Elbow Pain in Adolescent Baseball Players. Orthop J Sports Med (2014) 0.75

Glenoid stress distribution in baseball players using computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry: a pilot study. Clin Orthop Relat Res (2012) 0.75

HIP AND GLENOHUMERAL PASSIVE RANGE OF MOTION IN COLLEGIATE SOFTBALL PLAYERS. Int J Sports Phys Ther (2016) 0.75

COMPARISON OF SCAPULAR MUSCLE ACTIVATIONS DURING THREE OVERHEAD THROWING EXERCISES. Int J Sports Phys Ther (2016) 0.75

Pitcher's elbow: medial elbow pain in the overhead-throwing athlete. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med (2016) 0.75

A Biomechanical Evaluation of the Kinetics for Multiple Pitching Techniques in College-Aged Pitchers. Orthop J Sports Med (2013) 0.75

Exceeding Pitch Count Recommendations in Little League Baseball Increases the Chance of Requiring Tommy John Surgery as a Professional Baseball Pitcher. Orthop J Sports Med (2017) 0.75

Axillary artery thrombosis in a major league baseball pitcher: a case report and rehabilitation guide. Sports Health (2013) 0.75

Defining the Long-Toss: A Professional Baseball Epidemiological Study. Orthop J Sports Med (2017) 0.75

Ulnar Collateral Ligament and Elbow Adaptations in High School Baseball Pitchers. Sports Health (2015) 0.75

Hip rotational velocities during the full golf swing. J Sports Sci Med (2009) 0.75

Relationship between maximum shoulder external rotation angle during throwing and physical variables. J Sports Sci Med (2008) 0.75

The Relationship Between Humeral Retrotorsion and Shoulder Range of Motion in Baseball Players With an Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear. Orthop J Sports Med (2016) 0.75

Descriptive report of shoulder range of motion and rotational strength six and 12 weeks following arthroscopic superior labral repair. N Am J Sports Phys Ther (2008) 0.75

CHANGES IN HIP RANGE OF MOTION AND STRENGTH IN COLLEGIATE BASEBALL PITCHERS OVER THE COURSE OF A COMPETITIVE SEASON: A PILOT STUDY. Int J Sports Phys Ther (2015) 0.75

Return to sport following shoulder surgery in the elite pitcher: a systematic review. Sports Health (2013) 0.75

A physiological dynamic testing machine for the elbow joint. Open Orthop J (2013) 0.75

Evaluation and treatment of internal impingement of the shoulder in overhead athletes. World J Orthop (2016) 0.75

The relationship between independent transfer skills and upper limb kinetics in wheelchair users. Biomed Res Int (2014) 0.75

Muscular activation during plyometric exercises in 90° of glenohumeral joint abduction. Sports Health (2015) 0.75

Current Concepts: Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum and the Role of Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation. Hand (N Y) (2016) 0.75

The Functional Arm Scale for Throwers (FAST)-Part I: The Design and Development of an Upper Extremity Region-Specific and Population-Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Scale for Throwing Athletes. Orthop J Sports Med (2017) 0.75

Elbow ulnar collateral ligament injuries in athletes: Can we improve our outcomes? World J Orthop (2016) 0.75

The Effects of Elbow Bracing on Medial Elbow Joint Space Gapping Associated With Repetitive Throwing in High School Baseball Players. Orthop J Sports Med (2017) 0.75

The Impact of Fatigue on the Kinematics of Collegiate Baseball Pitchers. Orthop J Sports Med (2014) 0.75

Treatment of the ulnar nerve for overhead throwing athletes undergoing ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction. World J Orthop (2016) 0.75

Conservative treatment of a rock climber with a SLAP lesion: a case report. J Can Chiropr Assoc (2015) 0.75

Risk Stratification for Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury in Major League Baseball Players: A Retrospective Study From 2007 to 2014. Orthop J Sports Med (2016) 0.75

Loose Body in Elbow of a Baseball Player: Arthroscopic/Radiologic Correlation. Radiol Case Rep (2015) 0.75

Grating on the curve. Emerg Radiol (2005) 0.75

Age-Specific Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Humeral Medial Epicondyle Apophysitis and Osteochondritis Dissecans: Ultrasonographic Assessment of 4249 Players. Orthop J Sports Med (2017) 0.75

Articles by these authors

Classification of knee ligament instabilities. Part I. The medial compartment and cruciate ligaments. J Bone Joint Surg Am (1976) 2.53

Longitudinal study of elbow and shoulder pain in youth baseball pitchers. Med Sci Sports Exerc (2001) 2.43

Classification of knee ligament instabilities. Part II. The lateral compartment. J Bone Joint Surg Am (1976) 2.24

Glenoid labrum tears related to the long head of the biceps. Am J Sports Med (1985) 2.22

A comparison of tibiofemoral joint forces and electromyographic activity during open and closed kinetic chain exercises. Am J Sports Med (1996) 2.00

Kinematic and kinetic comparison of baseball pitching among various levels of development. J Biomech (1999) 1.97

The relationship between subjective knee scores, isokinetic testing, and functional testing in the ACL-reconstructed knee. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1994) 1.96

Role of the seton in the management of anorectal fistulas. Dis Colon Rectum (1993) 1.86

Biomechanics of pitching with emphasis upon shoulder kinematics. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1993) 1.84

Biomechanics of overhand throwing with implications for injuries. Sports Med (1996) 1.61

Biomechanics of the knee during closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain exercises. Med Sci Sports Exerc (1998) 1.54

Avulsion fracture of the sublime tubercle of the ulna: a newly recognized injury in the throwing athlete. AJR Am J Roentgenol (1998) 1.46

Biomechanics of the elbow during baseball pitching. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1993) 1.41

Risk factors for mortality among MDR- and XDR-TB patients in a high HIV prevalence setting. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis (2012) 1.37

Current concepts: the stabilizing structures of the glenohumeral joint. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1997) 1.36

Stretch-shortening drills for the upper extremities: theory and clinical application. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1993) 1.33

Arthroscopy of the shoulder: technique and normal anatomy. Am J Sports Med (1984) 1.33

Arthroscopic treatment of posttraumatic elbow pain and stiffness. Am J Sports Med (1994) 1.26

Operative treatment of ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the elbow in athletes. Am J Sports Med (2000) 1.25

Effects of technique variations on knee biomechanics during the squat and leg press. Med Sci Sports Exerc (2001) 1.25

The strength characteristics of internal and external rotator muscles in professional baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med (1993) 1.20

Valgus extension overload in the pitching elbow. Am J Sports Med (1983) 1.19

Operative ankle arthroscopy. Long-term followup. Am J Sports Med (1989) 1.18

Preventing throwing injuries. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1998) 1.17

Biomechanics of windmill softball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms at the shoulder and elbow. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1998) 1.17

Acute anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am (1979) 1.16

An analytical model of the knee for estimation of internal forces during exercise. J Biomech (1998) 1.14

The specificity of cathepsin D. J Biol Chem (1973) 1.14

Rehabilitation for the overhead athlete. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1993) 1.13

Acute tears of the posterior cruciate ligament. Results of operative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am (1980) 1.13

Classification and treatment of rotator cuff injuries in the overhand athlete. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1993) 1.12

The arthroscopic classification and treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum. Am J Sports Med (1998) 1.11

Arthroscopy of the ankle: technique and normal anatomy. Foot Ankle (1985) 1.11

Preoperative evaluation of the ulnar collateral ligament by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography arthrography. Evaluation in 25 baseball players with surgical confirmation. Am J Sports Med (1994) 1.08

Rehabilitation of the elbow in the throwing athlete. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1993) 1.08

Arthroscopy of the elbow. Arthroscopy (1985) 1.07

A three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of the squat during varying stance widths. Med Sci Sports Exerc (2001) 1.07

Selective management of anterior abdominal stab wounds. J Trauma (1989) 1.04

Kinematic comparisons of 1996 Olympic baseball pitchers. J Sports Sci (2001) 1.04

Arthroscopy of the shoulder in the management of partial tears of the rotator cuff: a preliminary report. Arthroscopy (1985) 1.04

Stress radiography of the medial elbow ligaments. Radiology (1994) 1.02

Undersurface tear of the ulnar collateral ligament in baseball players. A newly recognized lesion. Am J Sports Med (1994) 1.01

Shoulder joint arthroscopy. Orthopedics (1983) 1.00

The biomechanics of tennis elbow. An integrated approach. Clin Sports Med (1995) 0.99

Kinematic analyses of running. Exerc Sport Sci Rev (1975) 0.97

Muscle activity in slalom and giant slalom skiing. Med Sci Sports Exerc (1995) 0.97

Histology and arthroscopic anatomy of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow. Am J Sports Med (1995) 0.96

Bony injuries about the elbow in the throwing athlete. Instr Course Lect (1985) 0.96

Biomechanics of overground versus treadmill running. Med Sci Sports (1972) 0.96

A three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of sumo and conventional style deadlifts. Med Sci Sports Exerc (2000) 0.95

Electromyographic and kinematic analysis of graded treadmill walking and the implications for knee rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1996) 0.95

Acute medial elbow ruptures. Am J Sports Med (1981) 0.95

Localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee mimicking meniscal injury. Arthroscopy (1986) 0.93

Ulnar collateral ligament injury in the throwing athlete: evaluation with saline-enhanced MR arthrography. Radiology (1995) 0.92

The physical examination of the glenohumeral joint: emphasis on the stabilizing structures. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1997) 0.90

High school football injuries: identifying the risk factors. Am J Sports Med (1987) 0.90

The use of arthroscopic thermal capsulorrhaphy to treat internal impingement in baseball players. Arthroscopy (2001) 0.89

A "mini-reconstruction" technique in treating anterolateral rotatory instability (ALRI). Clin Orthop Relat Res (1983) 0.88

Kinematic analysis of swing in pro and amateur golfers. Int J Sports Med (2007) 0.88

Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the female athlete. J Athl Train (1999) 0.88

Labral tears in throwing and racquet sports. Clin Sports Med (1991) 0.87

Current concepts in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament disruption. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1992) 0.86

The role of arthroscopic surgery in the evaluation of acute traumatic hemarthrosis of the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res (1988) 0.85

Rehabilitation following arthroscopic subacromial decompression. Orthopedics (1993) 0.85

The cutting mechanism. Am J Sports Med (1977) 0.85

Isokinetic Testing of the Shoulder Abductors and Adductors: Windowed vs Nonwindowed Data Collection. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1992) 0.85

Clinical predictors for the aetiology of peripheral lymphadenopathy in HIV-infected adults. HIV Med (2012) 0.85

The effects of pad placement and angular velocity on tibial displacement during isokinetic exercise. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1993) 0.85

A kinematic model of performance in the parallel squat by champion powerlifers. Med Sci Sports (1977) 0.85

Shoulder and elbow injuries in the young athlete. Clin Sports Med (1988) 0.85

Arthroscopy of the ankle. Clin Sports Med (1987) 0.84

The abductor and adductor strength characteristics of professional baseball pitcherse. Am J Sports Med (1995) 0.84

Treatment of patellar fractures by partial patellectomy. South Med J (1977) 0.84

Swing kinematics for male and female pro golfers. Int J Sports Med (2008) 0.84

Surgical treatment of anterolateral rotatory instability. A follow-up study. Am J Sports Med (1985) 0.84

Arthroscopic resection of the distal aspect of the clavicle with concomitant subacromial decompression. J Bone Joint Surg Am (2001) 0.84

High school football injuries: evaluation. Am J Sports Med (1987) 0.84

The origin and evolution of host associations of Sarcoptes scabiei and the subfamily Sarcoptinae Murray. Acarologia (1983) 0.83

Performance profile-directed simulated game: an objective functional evaluation for baseball pitchers*. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1987) 0.83

Quantification of elastic resistance knee rehabilitation exercises. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1998) 0.83

Elbow injuries in young baseball players. Phys Sportsmed (1999) 0.83

Arthroscopic treatment of transchondral talar dome fractures. Arthroscopy (1986) 0.82

Symptomatic thrower's exostosis. Arthroscopic evaluation and treatment. Am J Sports Med (1999) 0.82

The mechanical energy transformations of pole vaulting with a fiberglass pole. J Biomech (1968) 0.82

The prevalence of hair follicle mites in caucasian New Zealanders. N Z Med J (1982) 0.81

Ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the thumb in athletes. J Sports Med (1976) 0.81

Muscle activity in wedge, parallel, and giant slalom skiing. Med Sci Sports Exerc (1997) 0.81

Kinetics of the parallel squat. Res Q (1978) 0.81

Heterotopic calcification and tears of the ulnar collateral ligament: radiographic and MR imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol (2000) 0.81

Tibial plateau topography. Am J Sports Med (1977) 0.81

Genetic analysis of the lozenge gene complex in Drosophila melanogaster: adult visual system phenotypes. J Neurogenet (1996) 0.81

Diagnostic and operative arthroscopy of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint. A case report. Am J Sports Med (1985) 0.81

Mechanical block to extension following augmentation of the anterior cruciate ligament. A case report. Am J Sports Med (1984) 0.80

Quadriceps muscular strength after removal of the central third patellar tendon for contralateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: a case study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (1993) 0.80