Frequent detection of escape from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte recognition in perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 transmission: the ariel project for the prevention of transmission of HIV from mother to infant.

PubWeight™: 1.16‹?› | Rank: Top 10%

🔗 View Article (PMC 104176)

Published in J Virol on May 01, 1999

Authors

C C Wilson1, R C Brown, B T Korber, B M Wilkes, D J Ruhl, D Sakamoto, K Kunstman, K Luzuriaga, I C Hanson, S M Widmayer, A Wiznia, S Clapp, A J Ammann, R A Koup, S M Wolinsky, B D Walker

Author Affiliations

1: AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.

Articles citing this

Selection, transmission, and reversion of an antigen-processing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte escape mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol (2004) 4.20

Clustering patterns of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteins reveal imprints of immune evasion on HIV-1 global variation. J Virol (2002) 3.38

Differential narrow focusing of immunodominant human immunodeficiency virus gag-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in infected African and caucasoid adults and children. J Virol (2000) 1.79

Identification of sequential viral escape mutants associated with altered T-cell responses in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individual. J Virol (2003) 1.57

Perinatal transmission of major, minor, and multiple maternal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants in utero and intrapartum. J Virol (2001) 1.37

Relative dominance of epitope-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected persons with shared HLA alleles. J Virol (2001) 1.23

Human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8(+) T cells in human breast milk. J Virol (2002) 1.19

Influence of random genetic drift on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env evolution during chronic infection. Genetics (2004) 1.16

Mapping sites of positive selection and amino acid diversification in the HIV genome: an alternative approach to vaccine design? Genetics (2004) 1.15

Comprehensive screening for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype-specific CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes and definition of degenerate epitopes restricted by HLA-A0207 and -C(W)0304 alleles. J Virol (2002) 1.10

Prospective 5-year study of peripheral blood CD4, CD8, and CD19/CD20 lymphocytes and serum Igs in children born to HIV-1 women. The P(2)C(2) HIV Study Group. J Allergy Clin Immunol (2000) 1.09

Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 isolates in Egypt and analysis of the variability of envelope proteins E1 and E2 in patients with chronic hepatitis. J Clin Microbiol (2005) 0.99

The role of infant immune responses and genetic factors in preventing HIV-1 acquisition and disease progression. Clin Exp Immunol (2003) 0.95

The role of MHC class I allele Mamu-A*07 during SIV(mac)239 infection. Immunogenetics (2011) 0.85

Molecular characterization of the HIV-1 gag nucleocapsid gene associated with vertical transmission. Retrovirology (2006) 0.83

Role of viral evolutionary rate in HIV-1 disease progression in a linked cohort. Retrovirology (2005) 0.83

Conservation of functional domains and limited heterogeneity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase gene following vertical transmission. Retrovirology (2005) 0.82

Characterization of HIV-1 envelope gp41 genetic diversity and functional domains following perinatal transmission. Retrovirology (2006) 0.81

Molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission and infection in neonatal target cells. Life Sci (2010) 0.78

CD4+ T cell targeting of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) peptide sequences present in vivo during chronic, progressive HIV-1 disease. Virology (2006) 0.77

Fetal allostimulation of maternal cells: a potential mechanism for perinatal HIV transmission following obstetrical hemorrhage. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (2008) 0.77

Articles cited by this

Avoiding false positives with PCR. Nature (1989) 30.66

Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group. N Engl J Med (1994) 25.02

Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syndrome. J Virol (1994) 22.96

1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR Recomm Rep (1992) 22.29

HIV population dynamics in vivo: implications for genetic variation, pathogenesis, and therapy. Science (1995) 18.40

Virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity associated with control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol (1994) 15.93

Late escape from an immunodominant cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response associated with progression to AIDS. Nat Med (1997) 12.26

Antiviral pressure exerted by HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) during primary infection demonstrated by rapid selection of CTL escape virus. Nat Med (1997) 12.08

Human immunodeficiency virus genetic variation that can escape cytotoxic T cell recognition. Nature (1991) 10.85

The role of a mutant CCR5 allele in HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. Nat Med (1996) 10.62

A TH1-->TH2 switch is a critical step in the etiology of HIV infection. Immunol Today (1993) 10.43

Positive selection of HIV-1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape variants during primary infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1997) 8.05

MHC ligands and peptide motifs: first listing. Immunogenetics (1995) 7.78

Adaptive evolution of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 during the natural course of infection. Science (1996) 7.73

Selective transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 variants from mothers to infants. Science (1992) 7.44

Kinetics of Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses during the clinical course of HIV-1 infection: a longitudinal analysis of rapid progressors and long-term asymptomatics. J Exp Med (1995) 7.26

HIV-1 Nef protein protects infected primary cells against killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Nature (1998) 6.94

High levels of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) memory cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity and low viral load are associated with lack of disease in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors. J Virol (1995) 5.05

Long-term culture and fine specificity of human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clones reactive with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1989) 4.45

Maternal viral load, zidovudine treatment, and the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to infant. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group. N Engl J Med (1996) 4.44

Natural variants of cytotoxic epitopes are T-cell receptor antagonists for antiviral cytotoxic T cells. Nature (1994) 4.42

Molecular cloning and characterization of the HTLV-III virus associated with AIDS. Nature (1984) 4.35

Identification of levels of maternal HIV-1 RNA associated with risk of perinatal transmission. Effect of maternal zidovudine treatment on viral load. JAMA (1996) 4.33

Cytotoxic T-cell activity antagonized by naturally occurring HIV-1 Gag variants. Nature (1994) 3.97

Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by CD8+ cells: evidence for HLA class I-restricted triggering of cytolytic and noncytolytic mechanisms. J Virol (1997) 3.93

Genetic differences between blood- and brain-derived viral sequences from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: evidence of conserved elements in the V3 region of the envelope protein of brain-derived sequences. J Virol (1994) 3.39

HIV-1 gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize multiple highly conserved epitopes. Fine specificity of the gag-specific response defined by using unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cloned effector cells. J Immunol (1991) 3.18

Multiple aligned sequence editor (MASE). Trends Biochem Sci (1988) 3.11

HIV-specific cytotoxic T-cell activity in an HIV-exposed but uninfected infant. Lancet (1993) 2.71

Maintaining the integrity of human immunodeficiency virus sequence databases. J Virol (1996) 2.68

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in asymptomatic long-term nonprogressing HIV-1 infection. Breadth and specificity of the response and relation to in vivo viral quasispecies in a person with prolonged infection and low viral load. J Immunol (1996) 2.51

Comparison of variable region 3 sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from infected children with the RNA and DNA sequences of the virus populations of their mothers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1993) 2.49

Patterns of immunodominance in HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in two human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLA)-identical siblings with HLA-A*0201 are influenced by epitope mutation. J Exp Med (1997) 2.38

HIV in pregnant women and their offspring: evidence for late transmission. Lancet (1991) 2.27

Evolution of HIV-1 coreceptor usage through interactions with distinct CCR5 and CXCR4 domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1997) 2.11

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genetic evolution in children with different rates of development of disease. J Virol (1997) 2.11

Obstetrical factors and the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to child. The Women and Infants Transmission Study. N Engl J Med (1996) 2.08

Vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus is correlated with the absence of high-affinity/avidity maternal antibodies to the gp120 principal neutralizing domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1990) 2.04

Presence of maternal antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus 1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 epitopes correlates with the uninfected status of children born to seropositive mothers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1989) 1.89

Refocusing neutralizing antibody response by targeted dampening of an immunodominant epitope. J Immunol (1997) 1.77

Mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 affect sensitivity to neutralization by gp120 antibodies. J Virol (1993) 1.70

Bi-specific monoclonal antibodies: selective binding and complement fixation to cells that express two different surface antigens. J Immunol (1987) 1.64

Lack of viral escape and defective in vivo activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in rapidly progressive infection. J Virol (1999) 1.62

Endogenous peptides bound to HLA-A3 possess a specific combination of anchor residues that permit identification of potential antigenic peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1993) 1.50

Mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med (1995) 1.49

T cell receptor usage and fine specificity of human immunodeficiency virus 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones: analysis of quasispecies recognition reveals a dominant response directed against a minor in vivo variant. J Exp Med (1996) 1.42

Maternal HIV-1 viral load and vertical transmission of infection: the Ariel Project for the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to infant. Nat Med (1997) 1.41

Recognition of a highly conserved region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 by an HLA-Cw4-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clone. J Virol (1993) 1.35

Similarity in env and gag genes between genomic RNAs of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from mother and infant is unrelated to time of HIV-1 RNA positivity in the child. J Virol (1995) 1.33

Maternal plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA level: a determinant and projected threshold for mother-to-child transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1995) 1.25

Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 during pregnancy: relationship of viral titer to mother-to-child transmission and stability of viral load. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1994) 1.22

Early viremia and immune responses in vertical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Infect Dis (1993) 1.16

Overlapping epitopes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 presented by HLA A, B, and C molecules: effects of viral variation on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte recognition. J Virol (1997) 1.12

Cellular immune factors associated with mother-to-infant transmission of HIV. AIDS (1993) 1.11

Perinatal HIV-1 transmission: recent advances and therapeutic interventions. AIDS (1996) 1.00

Maternal antibodies to gp120 V3 sequence do not correlate with protection against vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis (1992) 1.00

Vertical HIV-1 transmission correlates with a high maternal viral load at delivery. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol (1997) 0.99

Vertical Transmission of HIV-1. Correlation with maternal viral load and plasma levels of CD4 binding site anti-gp120 antibodies. J Clin Invest (1995) 0.96

Vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: autologous neutralizing antibody, virus load, and virus phenotype. J Pediatr (1995) 0.94

Interaction between timing of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection and the design of preventive and therapeutic interventions. Acta Paediatr Suppl (1997) 0.92

Intrauterine and intrapartum transmission of HIV. Lancet (1992) 0.76

Articles by these authors

HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5. Nature (1996) 20.59

Hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med (2001) 18.67

Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection. Cell (1996) 17.81

Vigorous HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cell responses associated with control of viremia. Science (1997) 15.09

Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 patients with primary infection. Science (1993) 13.87

The role of a mutant CCR5 allele in HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. Nat Med (1996) 10.62

Changes in thymic function with age and during the treatment of HIV infection. Nature (1998) 10.27

HIV evolution: CTL escape mutation and reversion after transmission. Nat Med (2004) 10.21

Shorter survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is more closely associated with T lymphocyte activation than with plasma virus burden or virus chemokine coreceptor usage. J Infect Dis (1999) 9.81

Tat-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes select for SIV escape variants during resolution of primary viraemia. Nature (2000) 9.80

Analysis of successful immune responses in persons infected with hepatitis C virus. J Exp Med (2000) 9.36

Comprehensive epitope analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific T-cell responses directed against the entire expressed HIV-1 genome demonstrate broadly directed responses, but no correlation to viral load. J Virol (2003) 8.22

HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in seropositive individuals. Nature (1987) 7.88

HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cells are detectable in most individuals with active HIV-1 infection, but decline with prolonged viral suppression. Nat Med (1999) 7.77

Adaptive evolution of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 during the natural course of infection. Science (1996) 7.73

Immune control of HIV-1 after early treatment of acute infection. Nature (2000) 7.68

Selective transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 variants from mothers to infants. Science (1992) 7.44

Analysis of total human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses: relationship to viral load in untreated HIV infection. J Virol (2001) 7.37

Quantifying residual HIV-1 replication in patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med (1999) 7.07

HIV-1 Nef protein protects infected primary cells against killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Nature (1998) 6.94

Evolution and transmission of stable CTL escape mutations in HIV infection. Nature (2001) 6.57

Cellular targets of infection and route of viral dissemination after an intravaginal inoculation of simian immunodeficiency virus into rhesus macaques. J Exp Med (1996) 5.35

A new classification for HIV-1. Nature (1998) 5.30

CCR5 levels and expression pattern correlate with infectability by macrophage-tropic HIV-1, in vitro. J Exp Med (1997) 5.18

Persistence of HIV-1 transcription in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells in patients receiving potent antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med (1999) 5.18

Nucleoside-phosphorylase deficiency in a child with severely defective T-cell immunity and normal B-cell immunity. Lancet (1975) 5.15

Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. N Engl J Med (1998) 5.04

The critical need for CD4 help in maintaining effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. J Exp Med (1998) 4.80

HIV infection is blocked in vitro by recombinant soluble CD4. Nature (1988) 4.58

Relative resistance to HIV-1 infection of CD4 lymphocytes from persons who remain uninfected despite multiple high-risk sexual exposure. Nat Med (1996) 4.57

Cellular immune responses and viral diversity in individuals treated during acute and early HIV-1 infection. J Exp Med (2001) 4.42

Quantitating the multiplicity of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C reveals a non-poisson distribution of transmitted variants. J Virol (2009) 4.40

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolution in vivo tracked by DNA heteroduplex mobility assays. J Virol (1994) 4.35

Polyvalent pneumococcal-polysaccharide immunization of patients with sickle-cell anemia and patients with splenectomy. N Engl J Med (1977) 4.22

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in homosexual men who remain seronegative for prolonged periods. N Engl J Med (1989) 4.20

Assessment of thymic output in adults after haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and prediction of T-cell reconstitution. Lancet (2000) 4.17

Persistence of episomal HIV-1 infection intermediates in patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy. Nat Med (2000) 4.12

Consistent cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte targeting of immunodominant regions in human immunodeficiency virus across multiple ethnicities. J Virol (2004) 4.12

Rapid detection of herpes-simplex-virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with herpes simplex encephalitis. Lancet (1990) 4.12

Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by CD8+ cells: evidence for HLA class I-restricted triggering of cytolytic and noncytolytic mechanisms. J Virol (1997) 3.93

Strong cytotoxic T cell and weak neutralizing antibody responses in a subset of persons with stable nonprogressing HIV type 1 infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (1996) 3.74

An African HIV-1 sequence from 1959 and implications for the origin of the epidemic. Nature (1998) 3.69

Characterization of a subset of the basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS superfamily that interacts with components of the dioxin signaling pathway. J Biol Chem (1997) 3.67

Passive immunization with a human monoclonal antibody protects hu-PBL-SCID mice against challenge by primary isolates of HIV-1. Nat Med (1997) 3.63

Selective IgA deficiency: presentation of 30 cases and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) (1971) 3.57

Levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte effector and memory responses decline after suppression of viremia with highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Virol (1999) 3.54

Immune escape precedes breakthrough human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viremia and broadening of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response in an HLA-B27-positive long-term-nonprogressing child. J Virol (2004) 3.54

Substantial differences in specificity of HIV-specific cytotoxic T cells in acute and chronic HIV infection. J Exp Med (2001) 3.44

Genetic differences between blood- and brain-derived viral sequences from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: evidence of conserved elements in the V3 region of the envelope protein of brain-derived sequences. J Virol (1994) 3.39

Development of the anti-gp120 antibody response during seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol (1994) 3.28

Association between virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and helper responses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol (1999) 3.22

Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones isolated during acute seroconversion: recognition of autologous virus sequences within a conserved immunodominant epitope. J Exp Med (1994) 3.20

HIV-1 gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize multiple highly conserved epitopes. Fine specificity of the gag-specific response defined by using unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cloned effector cells. J Immunol (1991) 3.18

A chemokine receptor CCR2 allele delays HIV-1 disease progression and is associated with a CCR5 promoter mutation. Nat Med (1998) 3.15

Intrahepatic cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for hepatitis C virus in persons with chronic hepatitis. J Immunol (1992) 3.13

Molecular epidemiology of HIV transmission in a dental practice. Science (1992) 3.10

Detecting hypermutations in viral sequences with an emphasis on G --> A hypermutation. Bioinformatics (2000) 3.07

Perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by pregnant women with RNA virus loads <1000 copies/ml. J Infect Dis (2001) 2.95

Decay kinetics of human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Virol (2001) 2.93

Efficient lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Virol (1996) 2.85

Reduced antiretroviral drug susceptibility among patients with primary HIV infection. JAMA (1999) 2.82

Naturally processed viral peptides recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes on cells chronically infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Exp Med (1994) 2.81

Macrophage tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from brain and lymphoid tissues predicts neurotropism independent of coreceptor specificity. J Virol (2001) 2.79

A computer program designed to screen rapidly for HIV type 1 intersubtype recombinant sequences. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (1995) 2.78

Elevated expression of axin2 and hnkd mRNA provides evidence that Wnt/beta -catenin signaling is activated in human colon tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2001) 2.77

Longitudinal analysis of T cell receptor (TCR) gene usage by human immunodeficiency virus 1 envelope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones reveals a limited TCR repertoire. J Exp Med (1994) 2.72

Expression and characterization of CD4-IgG2, a novel heterotetramer that neutralizes primary HIV type 1 isolates. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (1995) 2.70

Maintaining the integrity of human immunodeficiency virus sequence databases. J Virol (1996) 2.68

Pneumococcal polysaccharide immunization in infants and children. Pediatrics (1978) 2.67

Human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 gene expression in cervical neoplasias. Hum Pathol (1992) 2.67

Limiting dilution analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to human immunodeficiency virus gag antigens in infected persons: in vitro quantitation of effector cell populations with p17 and p24 specificities. J Exp Med (1991) 2.66

HLA class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for hepatitis C virus. Identification of multiple epitopes and characterization of patterns of cytokine release. J Clin Invest (1995) 2.66

Immunological and virological analyses of persons infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 while participating in trials of recombinant gp120 subunit vaccines. J Virol (1998) 2.63

B-cell immunodeficiency in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. JAMA (1984) 2.63

Control of HIV-1 viremia and protection from AIDS are associated with HLA-Bw4 homozygosity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2001) 2.61

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize epitopes in the core and envelope proteins of HCV. J Virol (1993) 2.57

Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 mRNAs from genital condylomata acuminata. J Virol (1987) 2.57

Putative immunodominant human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses cannot be predicted by major histocompatibility complex class I haplotype. J Virol (2000) 2.51

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in asymptomatic long-term nonprogressing HIV-1 infection. Breadth and specificity of the response and relation to in vivo viral quasispecies in a person with prolonged infection and low viral load. J Immunol (1996) 2.51

Do untreated bednets protect against malaria? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg (2001) 2.50

Elevated cord macroglobulins in the diagnosis of intrauterine infections. N Engl J Med (1966) 2.50

Poor CD4 T cell restoration after suppression of HIV-1 replication may reflect lower thymic function. AIDS (2001) 2.47

The cytotoxic effects of asbestos and other mineral dust in tissue culture cell lines. Br J Exp Pathol (1978) 2.45

Methyldopa liver damage. Br Med J (1974) 2.40

Identification of overlapping HLA class I-restricted cytotoxic T cell epitopes in a conserved region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein: definition of minimum epitopes and analysis of the effects of sequence variation. J Exp Med (1992) 2.38

Proposed definitions for in utero versus intrapartum transmission of HIV-1. N Engl J Med (1992) 2.33

A randomized prospective trial of the obstetric forceps versus the M-cup vacuum extractor. Am J Obstet Gynecol (1996) 2.31

Functionally inert HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes do not play a major role in chronically infected adults and children. J Exp Med (2000) 2.31