Antibody neutralization escape mediated by point mutations in the intracytoplasmic tail of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41.

PubWeight™: 1.22‹?› | Rank: Top 10%

🔗 View Article (PMC 546547)

Published in J Virol on February 01, 2005

Authors

Vandana Kalia1, Surojit Sarkar, Phalguni Gupta, Ronald C Montelaro

Author Affiliations

1: University of Pittsburgh, Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, W1144 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.

Articles citing this

Structures and mechanisms of viral membrane fusion proteins: multiple variations on a common theme. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol (2008) 5.26

A next-generation cleaved, soluble HIV-1 Env trimer, BG505 SOSIP.664 gp140, expresses multiple epitopes for broadly neutralizing but not non-neutralizing antibodies. PLoS Pathog (2013) 4.23

Predominant mode of human immunodeficiency virus transfer between T cells is mediated by sustained Env-dependent neutralization-resistant virological synapses. J Virol (2007) 3.58

HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein biosynthesis, trafficking, and incorporation. J Mol Biol (2011) 2.01

Highly complex neutralization determinants on a monophyletic lineage of newly transmitted subtype C HIV-1 Env clones from India. Virology (2009) 1.51

High throughput functional analysis of HIV-1 env genes without cloning. J Virol Methods (2007) 1.35

4E10-resistant variants in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C-infected individual with an anti-membrane-proximal external region-neutralizing antibody response. J Virol (2007) 1.26

Evolutionary interactions between N-linked glycosylation sites in the HIV-1 envelope. PLoS Comput Biol (2006) 1.25

A mutation in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag protein destabilizes the interaction of the envelope protein subunits gp120 and gp41. J Virol (2006) 1.22

Clustering and mobility of HIV-1 Env at viral assembly sites predict its propensity to induce cell-cell fusion. J Virol (2013) 1.06

Identification of amino acid substitutions associated with neutralization phenotype in the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 subtype C gp120. Virology (2010) 0.94

Topology of the C-terminal tail of HIV-1 gp41: differential exposure of the Kennedy epitope on cell and viral membranes. PLoS One (2010) 0.93

C-terminal tail of human immunodeficiency virus gp41: functionally rich and structurally enigmatic. J Gen Virol (2012) 0.93

Highly conserved structural properties of the C-terminal tail of HIV-1 gp41 protein despite substantial sequence variation among diverse clades: implications for functions in viral replication. J Biol Chem (2011) 0.92

Differential functional phenotypes of two primary HIV-1 strains resulting from homologous point mutations in the LLP domains of the envelope gp41 intracytoplasmic domain. Virology (2007) 0.86

Membrane structure correlates to function of LLP2 on the cytoplasmic tail of HIV-1 gp41 protein. Biophys J (2013) 0.83

Impact of HIV-1 backbone on neutralization sensitivity: neutralization profiles of heterologous envelope glycoproteins expressed in native subtype C and CRF01_AE backbone. PLoS One (2013) 0.83

Computational prediction of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibody epitopes from neutralization activity data. PLoS One (2013) 0.83

Matrix and envelope coevolution revealed in a patient monitored since primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol (2009) 0.81

Detailed topology mapping reveals substantial exposure of the "cytoplasmic" C-terminal tail (CTT) sequences in HIV-1 Env proteins at the cell surface. PLoS One (2013) 0.79

Production and characterization of high-affinity human monoclonal antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins in a mouse model expressing human immunoglobulins. Clin Vaccine Immunol (2006) 0.79

HIV-1 Cell-Free and Cell-to-Cell Infections Are Differentially Regulated by Distinct Determinants in the Env gp41 Cytoplasmic Tail. J Virol (2015) 0.78

Unique functional properties of conserved arginine residues in the lentivirus lytic peptide domains of the C-terminal tail of HIV-1 gp41. J Biol Chem (2014) 0.76

Reduced Potency and Incomplete Neutralization of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies against Cell-to-Cell Transmission of HIV-1 with Transmitted Founder Envs. J Virol (2017) 0.76

Understanding the process of envelope glycoprotein incorporation into virions in simian and feline immunodeficiency viruses. Viruses (2014) 0.76

Study of the HIV-2 Env cytoplasmic tail variability and its impact on Tat, Rev and Nef. PLoS One (2013) 0.76

Structural and functional comparisons of retroviral envelope protein C-terminal domains: still much to learn. Viruses (2014) 0.76

Characterization of a new 5' splice site within the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus genome: evidence for a novel auxiliary protein. Retrovirology (2008) 0.75

Characterization of a stable HIV-1 B/C recombinant, soluble and trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) highly resistant to CD4-induced conformational changes. J Biol Chem (2017) 0.75

Articles cited by this

Integrins: bidirectional, allosteric signaling machines. Cell (2002) 36.25

Antibody neutralization and escape by HIV-1. Nature (2003) 21.48

Efficient neutralization of primary isolates of HIV-1 by a recombinant human monoclonal antibody. Science (1994) 13.54

Human monoclonal antibody 2G12 defines a distinctive neutralization epitope on the gp120 glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol (1996) 11.91

HIV-1 evades antibody-mediated neutralization through conformational masking of receptor-binding sites. Nature (2002) 9.62

Characterization of conserved human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 neutralization epitopes exposed upon gp120-CD4 binding. J Virol (1993) 8.62

Generation of human monoclonal antibodies against HIV-1 proteins; electrofusion and Epstein-Barr virus transformation for peripheral blood lymphocyte immortalization. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (1994) 6.35

Antibodies, viruses and vaccines. Nat Rev Immunol (2002) 4.92

Retrovirus envelope glycoproteins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol (1990) 4.22

A broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody against gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (1994) 3.97

Neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by antibody to gp120 is determined primarily by occupancy of sites on the virion irrespective of epitope specificity. J Virol (1998) 3.23

Generation of human monoclonal antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1989) 3.07

Mutagenic stabilization and/or disruption of a CD4-bound state reveals distinct conformations of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein. J Virol (2002) 2.81

The long cytoplasmic tail of gp41 is required in a cell type-dependent manner for HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein incorporation into virions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2000) 2.70

Viral persistence: HIV's strategies of immune system evasion. Annu Rev Med (2002) 2.51

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralization measured by flow cytometric quantitation of single-round infection of primary human T cells. J Virol (2002) 2.44

A membrane-proximal tyrosine-based signal mediates internalization of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein via interaction with the AP-2 clathrin adaptor. J Biol Chem (1998) 2.40

Truncation of the cytoplasmic domain of the simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein increases env incorporation into particles and fusogenicity and infectivity. J Virol (1993) 2.34

Challenges and opportunities for development of an AIDS vaccine. Nature (2001) 2.33

Truncation of the cytoplasmic domain induces exposure of conserved regions in the ectodomain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein. J Virol (2002) 2.23

Neutralization of HIV-1 by F105, a human monoclonal antibody to the CD4 binding site of gp120. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1993) 2.14

Truncation of the cytoplasmic domain of the simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein alters the conformation of the external domain. J Virol (1994) 2.00

Interactions of the cytoplasmic domains of human and simian retroviral transmembrane proteins with components of the clathrin adaptor complexes modulate intracellular and cell surface expression of envelope glycoproteins. J Virol (1999) 2.00

Antibody neutralization-resistant primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol (1998) 1.87

Serotyping of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from diverse geographic locations by flow cytometry. J Virol (1995) 1.80

Preparation and characterization of human HIV type 1 neutralizing reference sera. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (1995) 1.73

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants that escape neutralization by human monoclonal antibody IgG1b12. off. J Virol (1997) 1.66

HIV-1 entry inhibitors in the side pocket. Cell (1999) 1.57

The most highly amphiphilic alpha-helices include two amino acid segments in human immunodeficiency virus glycoprotein 41. Biopolymers (1990) 1.47

Antigenic properties of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope during cell-cell fusion. J Virol (2001) 1.45

Functional and molecular characterization of human monoclonal antibody reactive with the immunodominant region of HIV type 1 glycoprotein 41. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (1998) 1.36

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein oligomerization requires the gp41 amphipathic alpha-helical/leucine zipper-like sequence. J Virol (1997) 1.31

Addition of a single gp120 glycan confers increased binding to dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin and neutralization escape to human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol (2002) 1.25

Rational site-directed mutations of the LLP-1 and LLP-2 lentivirus lytic peptide domains in the intracytoplasmic tail of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 indicate common functions in cell-cell fusion but distinct roles in virion envelope incorporation. J Virol (2003) 1.24

Mutations in both gp120 and gp41 are responsible for the broad neutralization resistance of variant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 MN to antibodies directed at V3 and non-V3 epitopes. J Virol (1998) 1.24

Conformational changes in env oligomer induced by an antibody dependent on the V3 loop base. AIDS (2003) 1.22

Calmodulin-binding function of LLP segments from the HIV type 1 transmembrane protein is conserved among natural sequence variants. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (1997) 1.17

A region of the C-terminal tail of the gp41 envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 contains a neutralizing epitope: evidence for its exposure on the surface of the virion. J Gen Virol (2003) 0.99

Isolation and characterization of two divergent infectious molecular clones of HIV type 1 longitudinally obtained from a seropositive patient by a progressive amplification procedure. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (1997) 0.96

The intracytoplasmic domain of the Env transmembrane protein is a locus for attenuation of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac in rhesus macaques. J Virol (2000) 0.96

A novel monoclonal antibody specific to the C-terminal tail of the gp41 envelope transmembrane protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that preferentially neutralizes virus after it has attached to the target cell and inhibits the production of infectious progeny. Virology (2003) 0.84

HIV. Escape artist par excellence. Science (2003) 0.80

Articles by these authors

Molecular signature of CD8+ T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection. Immunity (2007) 10.83

Prolonged interleukin-2Ralpha expression on virus-specific CD8+ T cells favors terminal-effector differentiation in vivo. Immunity (2010) 4.06

Reactivation of latent tuberculosis in cynomolgus macaques infected with SIV is associated with early peripheral T cell depletion and not virus load. PLoS One (2010) 2.14

Construction of an alpha toxin gene knockout mutant of Clostridium perfringens type A by use of a mobile group II intron. Appl Environ Microbiol (2005) 2.01

Beta toxin is essential for the intestinal virulence of Clostridium perfringens type C disease isolate CN3685 in a rabbit ileal loop model. Mol Microbiol (2008) 1.78

De novo generation of cationic antimicrobial peptides: influence of length and tryptophan substitution on antimicrobial activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2005) 1.70

Budding of equine infectious anemia virus is insensitive to proteasome inhibitors. J Virol (2002) 1.67

Antigen-specific CD4 T-cell help rescues exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2011) 1.62

Functional replacement and positional dependence of homologous and heterologous L domains in equine infectious anemia virus replication. J Virol (2002) 1.60

Requirement of B cells for generating CD4+ T cell memory. J Immunol (2009) 1.60

Differentiation of memory B and T cells. Curr Opin Immunol (2006) 1.59

Late domain-dependent inhibition of equine infectious anemia virus budding. J Virol (2004) 1.57

Immunization of newborn rhesus macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines prolongs survival after oral challenge with virulent SIVmac251. J Virol (2003) 1.53

Correlation of the tight junction-like distribution of Claudin-1 to the cellular tropism of hepatitis C virus. J Biol Chem (2008) 1.49

Covalent immobilization of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) onto biomaterial surfaces. Acta Biomater (2010) 1.47

Kinetics of expansion of SIV Gag-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes following challenge of vaccinated macaques. Virology (2005) 1.38

Removal of N-linked glycosylation sites in the V1 region of simian immunodeficiency virus gp120 results in redirection of B-cell responses to V3. J Virol (2004) 1.31

Subcompartmentalization of HIV-1 quasispecies between seminal cells and seminal plasma indicates their origin in distinct genital tissues. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (2002) 1.27

Activity of the de novo engineered antimicrobial peptide WLBU2 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in human serum and whole blood: implications for systemic applications. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2005) 1.27

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV): what has HIV's country cousin got to tell us? Vet Res (2004) 1.26

DC-SIGN on B lymphocytes is required for transmission of HIV-1 to T lymphocytes. PLoS Pathog (2006) 1.25

The lack of an inherent membrane targeting signal is responsible for the failure of the matrix (M1) protein of influenza A virus to bud into virus-like particles. J Virol (2010) 1.25

Rational site-directed mutations of the LLP-1 and LLP-2 lentivirus lytic peptide domains in the intracytoplasmic tail of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 indicate common functions in cell-cell fusion but distinct roles in virion envelope incorporation. J Virol (2003) 1.24

Functions of early (AP-2) and late (AIP1/ALIX) endocytic proteins in equine infectious anemia virus budding. J Biol Chem (2005) 1.24

Multisite comparison of anti-human immunodeficiency virus microbicide activity in explant assays using a novel endpoint analysis. J Clin Microbiol (2009) 1.23

The formulated microbicide RC-101 was safe and antivirally active following intravaginal application in pigtailed macaques. PLoS One (2010) 1.19

Persistent pneumocystis colonization leads to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a nonhuman primate model of AIDS. J Infect Dis (2010) 1.19

Interleukin-21 is a critical cytokine for the generation of virus-specific long-lived plasma cells. J Virol (2013) 1.18

Distinct intracellular trafficking of equine infectious anemia virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag during viral assembly and budding revealed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. J Virol (2007) 1.18

CCL20/MIP3alpha is a novel anti-HIV-1 molecule of the human female reproductive tract. Am J Reprod Immunol (2009) 1.18

Differential effects of actin cytoskeleton dynamics on equine infectious anemia virus particle production. J Virol (2004) 1.14

Kinetic rates of antibody binding correlate with neutralization sensitivity of variant simian immunodeficiency virus strains. J Virol (2005) 1.14

A tumor necrosis factor receptor family protein serves as a cellular receptor for the macrophage-tropic equine lentivirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2005) 1.14

De novo-derived cationic antimicrobial peptide activity in a murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia. J Antimicrob Chemother (2007) 1.10

The retrocyclin analogue RC-101 prevents human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of a model human cervicovaginal tissue construct. Immunology (2007) 1.06

A live attenuated equine infectious anemia virus proviral vaccine with a modified S2 gene provides protection from detectable infection by intravenous virulent virus challenge of experimentally inoculated horses. J Virol (2003) 1.04

HIV-1 matrix dependent membrane targeting is regulated by Gag mRNA trafficking. PLoS One (2009) 1.04

Receptor-mediated entry by equine infectious anemia virus utilizes a pH-dependent endocytic pathway. J Virol (2005) 1.04

Rational design of engineered cationic antimicrobial peptides consisting exclusively of arginine and tryptophan, and their activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2013) 1.03

Transient immune suppression of inapparent carriers infected with a principal neutralizing domain-deficient equine infectious anaemia virus induces neutralizing antibodies and lowers steady-state virus replication. J Gen Virol (2002) 1.03

Comparison of the effects of pathogenic simian human immunodeficiency virus strains SHIV-89.6P and SHIV-KU2 in cynomolgus macaques. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (2008) 1.01

Reduction of anti-HIV-1 Gag immune responses during co-immunization: immune interference by the HIV-1 envelope. Curr HIV Res (2007) 1.01

Selective toxicity of engineered lentivirus lytic peptides in a CF airway cell model. Peptides (2003) 1.01

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and persistence of HIV RNA in semen. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (2003) 1.00

Envelope variation as a primary determinant of lentiviral vaccine efficacy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2007) 1.00

Measurement of anti-HIV activity of marketed vaginal products and excipients using a PBMC-based in vitro assay. Sex Transm Dis (2004) 1.00

Azurin, Plasmodium falciparum malaria and HIV/AIDS: inhibition of parasitic and viral growth by Azurin. Cell Cycle (2006) 0.99

Relationship of Pneumocystis jiroveci humoral immunity to prevention of colonization and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a primate model of HIV infection. Infect Immun (2010) 0.99

Equine infectious anemia virus envelope evolution in vivo during persistent infection progressively increases resistance to in vitro serum antibody neutralization as a dominant phenotype. J Virol (2002) 0.98

High replication fitness and transmission efficiency of HIV-1 subtype C from India: Implications for subtype C predominance. Virology (2009) 0.96

Expression of IFN-gamma induced CXCR3 agonist chemokines and compartmentalization of CXCR3+ cells in the periphery and lymph nodes of rhesus macaques during simian immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Med Primatol (2003) 0.96

Induction of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell reactivity by dendritic cells loaded with HIV-1 X4-infected apoptotic cells. J Virol (2002) 0.96

Antimicrobial peptides in mucosal secretions: the importance of local secretions in mitigating infection. J Nutr (2005) 0.96

Effects of physiological fluids on physical-chemical characteristics and activity of topical vaginal microbicide products. J Pharm Sci (2008) 0.95

MicroRNA-17~92 regulates effector and memory CD8 T-cell fates by modulating proliferation in response to infections. Blood (2013) 0.95

Immune suppression of challenged vaccinates as a rigorous assessment of sterile protection by lentiviral vaccines. Vaccine (2006) 0.95

CD8 T-cell memory differentiation during acute and chronic viral infections. Adv Exp Med Biol (2010) 0.95

Epstein-Barr virus and human immunodeficiency virus serological responses and viral burdens in HIV-infected patients treated with HAART. J Med Virol (2002) 0.94

Early CD8 T-cell memory precursors and terminal effectors exhibit equipotent in vivo degranulation. Cell Mol Immunol (2014) 0.93

Use of a Clostridium perfringens vector to express high levels of SIV p27 protein for the development of an oral SIV vaccine. Virology (2004) 0.93

Association of gag multimers with filamentous actin during equine infectious anemia virus assembly. Curr HIV Res (2007) 0.93

Topology of the C-terminal tail of HIV-1 gp41: differential exposure of the Kennedy epitope on cell and viral membranes. PLoS One (2010) 0.93

Disruption of a toxin gene by introduction of a foreign gene into the chromosome of Clostridium perfringens using targetron-induced mutagenesis. Plasmid (2007) 0.93

C-terminal tail of human immunodeficiency virus gp41: functionally rich and structurally enigmatic. J Gen Virol (2012) 0.93

Persistent HIV type 1 infection in semen and blood compartments in patients after long-term potent antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (2004) 0.92

Highly conserved structural properties of the C-terminal tail of HIV-1 gp41 protein despite substantial sequence variation among diverse clades: implications for functions in viral replication. J Biol Chem (2011) 0.92

Origin and dynamics of HIV-1 subtype C infection in India. PLoS One (2011) 0.92

Preformulation and stability in biological fluids of the retrocyclin RC-101, a potential anti-HIV topical microbicide. AIDS Res Ther (2011) 0.91

Envelope determinants of equine infectious anemia virus vaccine protection and the effects of sequence variation on immune recognition. J Virol (2008) 0.91

Discerning an effective balance between equine infectious anemia virus attenuation and vaccine efficacy. J Virol (2005) 0.90

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr: oligomerization is an essential feature for its incorporation into virus particles. Virol J (2010) 0.89

EIAV envelope diversity: shaping viral persistence and encumbering vaccine efficacy. Curr HIV Res (2010) 0.89

Evaluation of cervical mucosa in transmission bottleneck during acute HIV-1 infection using a cervical tissue-based organ culture. PLoS One (2012) 0.89

Noncytotoxic suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription by exosomes secreted from CD8+ T cells. J Virol (2009) 0.88

Symptomatic vertebral hemangioma: treatment with radiotherapy. J Cancer Res Ther (2010) 0.87

Serological method using recombinant S2 protein to differentiate equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV)-infected and EIAV-vaccinated horses. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol (2004) 0.87

Envelope-specific T-helper and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses associated with protective immunity to equine infectious anemia virus. J Gen Virol (2007) 0.87

ADAR1 is a novel multi targeted anti-HIV-1 cellular protein. Virology (2011) 0.86

Budding of retroviruses utilizing divergent L domains requires nucleocapsid. J Virol (2012) 0.86

Identification and characterization of bacterial vaginosis-associated pathogens using a comprehensive cervical-vaginal epithelial coculture assay. PLoS One (2012) 0.86

Apparent elimination of EIAV ancestral species in a long-term inapparent carrier. Virology (2005) 0.86

Enhancement of equine infectious anemia virus virulence by identification and removal of suboptimal nucleotides. Virology (2003) 0.86

Genetic and functional characterization of the LTR of HIV-1 subtypes A and C circulating in India. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (2007) 0.86

Caspase-mediated apoptosis and cell death of rhesus macaque CD4+ T-cells due to cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be rescued by cytokine treatment after thawing. Cryobiology (2003) 0.86

Detailed analysis of CD4+ Th responses to envelope and Gag proteins of simian immunodeficiency virus reveals an exclusion of broadly reactive Th epitopes from the glycosylated regions of envelope. J Immunol (2002) 0.86

Differential functional phenotypes of two primary HIV-1 strains resulting from homologous point mutations in the LLP domains of the envelope gp41 intracytoplasmic domain. Virology (2007) 0.86

Lentivirus lytic peptide 1 perturbs both outer and inner membranes of Serratia marcescens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2002) 0.86

Lessons in AIDS vaccine development learned from studies of equine infectious, anemia virus infection and immunity. Viruses (2013) 0.86

HIV-1 in genital compartments: vexing viral reservoirs. Curr Opin HIV AIDS (2006) 0.84

Efficacy of the de novo-derived antimicrobial peptide WLBU2 against oral bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2007) 0.84

Construction and characterization of an infectious molecular clone of HIV-1 subtype A of Indian origin. Virology (2005) 0.84

Divergence, not diversity of an attenuated equine lentivirus vaccine strain correlates with protection from disease. Vaccine (2010) 0.84

Antimicrobial peptides: new drugs for bad bugs? Expert Opin Biol Ther (2013) 0.84

Membrane structure correlates to function of LLP2 on the cytoplasmic tail of HIV-1 gp41 protein. Biophys J (2013) 0.83

Specificity of serum neutralizing antibodies induced by transient immune suppression of inapparent carrier ponies infected with a neutralization-resistant equine infectious anemia virus envelope strain. J Gen Virol (2005) 0.83