Published in Science on October 12, 1984
3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (BW A509U): an antiviral agent that inhibits the infectivity and cytopathic effect of human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1985) 10.71
Inhibition of the in vitro infectivity and cytopathic effect of human T-lymphotrophic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) by 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1986) 6.63
Suramin antagonizes responses to P2-purinoceptor agonists and purinergic nerve stimulation in the guinea-pig urinary bladder and taenia coli. Br J Pharmacol (1990) 3.34
Human African trypanosomiasis: pharmacological re-engagement with a neglected disease. Br J Pharmacol (2007) 2.96
The development of antiretroviral therapy and its impact on the HIV-1/AIDS pandemic. Antiviral Res (2009) 2.03
Long-term inhibition of human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (human immunodeficiency virus) DNA synthesis and RNA expression in T cells protected by 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1987) 1.96
Efficient reversion of simian sarcoma virus-transformation and inhibition of growth factor-induced mitogenesis by suramin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1986) 1.90
Expression of reverse transcriptase activity of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV) in Escherichia coli. J Virol (1986) 1.84
Inhibitory effect of 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides on infectivity, cytopathic effects, and replication of human immunodeficiency virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1987) 1.82
Marked in vivo antiretrovirus activity of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, a selective anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1989) 1.74
Inhibition of replication and cytopathic effect of human T cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus by 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1986) 1.66
Alpha-(1-3)- and alpha-(1-6)-D-mannose-specific plant lectins are markedly inhibitory to human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus infections in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1991) 1.63
The development of vaginal microbicides for the prevention of HIV transmission. PLoS Med (2005) 1.54
Antiviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infections. Clin Microbiol Rev (1995) 1.49
Sulfated carbohydrate compounds prevent microbial adherence by sexually transmitted disease pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1997) 1.46
Cytocidal effect of tumor necrosis factor on cells chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): enhancement of HIV replication. J Virol (1989) 1.39
In vitro modification of human immunodeficiency virus infection by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and gamma interferon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1986) 1.35
PPi analogs as inhibitors of human T-lymphotropic virus type III reverse transcriptase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1986) 1.30
Synergistic activity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine against human immunodeficiency virus in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1987) 1.17
Susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in vitro to acyclic adenosine analogs and synergy of the analogs with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1989) 1.02
In vitro susceptibilities of Plasmodium falciparum to compounds which inhibit nucleotide metabolism. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1990) 1.01
The trypanocidal drug suramin and other trypan blue mimetics are inhibitors of pyruvate kinases and bind to the adenosine site. J Biol Chem (2011) 1.00
Observations on the inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by catechins. Biochem J (1992) 0.95
Interaction between rifabutin and human immunodeficiency virus type 1: inhibition of replication, cytopathic effect, and reverse transcriptase in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1988) 0.92
Suramin is an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase II in vitro and in Chinese hamster fibrosarcoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1992) 0.89
Suramin prevents duck hepatitis B virus infection in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1993) 0.89
Suppression of retroviral propagation and disease by suramin in murine systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1985) 0.88
A guide to the investigation and treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related disorders. CMAJ (1986) 0.86
The ability of suramin to block CD4-gp120 binding is reversed in the presence of albumin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1991) 0.85
Vaccine and antiviral strategies against infections caused by human immunodeficiency virus. CMAJ (1988) 0.80
Characterization of HIV-1 entry inhibitors with broad activity against R5 and X4 viral strains. J Transl Med (2015) 0.79
Suramin is a potent inhibitor of Chikungunya and Ebola virus cell entry. Virol J (2016) 0.78
Influence of suramin on the expression of Fc receptors and other markers on human monocytes and U937 cells, and on their phagocytic properties. Immunology (1994) 0.78
Suramin decreases injury and improves regeneration of ethanol-induced steatotic partial liver grafts. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2012) 0.76
Modulation of CD4 by suramin. Clin Exp Immunol (1993) 0.75
Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, suramin and heparin inhibit DNA-dependent protein kinase activity. Br J Cancer (2002) 0.75
New agents active against African swine fever virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1986) 0.75
Pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection and prospects for control. Yale J Biol Med (1988) 0.75
An Odyssey in antiviral drug development-50 years at the Rega Institute: 1964-2014. Acta Pharm Sin B (2015) 0.75
AIDS and taurolin. CMAJ (1986) 0.75
The sequence of the human genome. Science (2001) 101.55
Detection, isolation, and continuous production of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and pre-AIDS. Science (1984) 33.32
Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS. Science (1984) 32.33
Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1980) 30.08
Identification of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Science (1995) 17.42
The role of mononuclear phagocytes in HTLV-III/LAV infection. Science (1986) 17.33
HTLV-III expression and production involve complex regulation at the levels of splicing and translation of viral RNA. Cell (1986) 12.74
Continuous growth and differentiation of human myeloid leukaemic cells in suspension culture. Nature (1977) 12.57
Antibodies reactive with human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) in the serum of patients with AIDS. Science (1984) 11.30
Human c-myc onc gene is located on the region of chromosome 8 that is translocated in Burkitt lymphoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1982) 11.15
A monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) reactive with activated and functionally mature human T cells. I. Production of anti-Tac monoclonal antibody and distribution of Tac (+) cells. J Immunol (1981) 10.92
3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (BW A509U): an antiviral agent that inhibits the infectivity and cytopathic effect of human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1985) 10.71
Identification and characterization of conserved and variable regions in the envelope gene of HTLV-III/LAV, the retrovirus of AIDS. Cell (1986) 10.70
Molecular characterization of human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Science (1984) 10.40
Terminal differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells induced by dimethyl sulfoxide and other polar compounds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1978) 9.59
The trans-activator gene of HTLV-III is essential for virus replication. Nature (1986) 8.65
Phosphorylation of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and selective interaction of the 5'-triphosphate with human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1986) 8.48
Antibodies that inhibit fusion of human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells bind a 24-amino acid sequence of the viral envelope, gp120. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1988) 8.40
A molecular clone of HTLV-III with biological activity. Nature (1985) 8.30
Role of suppressor T cells in pathogenesis of common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia. Lancet (1974) 8.13
Detection of lymphocytes expressing human T-lymphotropic virus type III in lymph nodes and peripheral blood from infected individuals by in situ hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1986) 8.06
Complete nucleotide sequences of functional clones of the AIDS virus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (1987) 7.85
Genetic variation in HTLV-III/LAV over time in patients with AIDS or at risk for AIDS. Science (1986) 7.81
Onc gene amplification in promyelocytic leukaemia cell line HL-60 and primary leukaemic cells of the same patient. Nature (1982) 6.78
Inhibition of the in vitro infectivity and cytopathic effect of human T-lymphotrophic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) by 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1986) 6.63
Characterization of highly immunogenic p66/p51 as the reverse transcriptase of HTLV-III/LAV. Science (1986) 6.53
Trans-acting transcriptional regulation of human T-cell leukemia virus type III long terminal repeat. Science (1985) 6.51
Characterization of gp41 as the transmembrane protein coded by the HTLV-III/LAV envelope gene. Science (1985) 6.48
Inhibition of development of Kaposi's sarcoma-related lesions by a bacterial cell wall complex. Science (1992) 6.35
Functional and morphologic characterization of human T cells continuously grown in vitro. J Immunol (1977) 6.30
Computer-assisted analysis of envelope protein sequences of seven human immunodeficiency virus isolates: prediction of antigenic epitopes in conserved and variable regions. J Virol (1987) 6.20
The sor gene of HIV-1 is required for efficient virus transmission in vitro. Science (1987) 6.16
Long-term cultures of HTLV-III--infected T cells: a model of cytopathology of T-cell depletion in AIDS. Science (1986) 5.86
Expression of cellular homologues of retroviral onc genes in human hematopoietic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1982) 5.80
Soluble interleukin 2 receptors are released from activated human lymphoid cells in vitro. J Immunol (1985) 5.70
The V3 domain of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein is critical for chemokine-mediated blockade of infection. Nat Med (1996) 5.46
Serological analysis of a subgroup of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) associated with AIDS. Science (1984) 5.43
Characterization of envelope and core structural gene products of HTLV-III with sera from AIDS patients. Science (1985) 5.42
Genomic diversity of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III). Science (1985) 5.33
A new subtype of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-II) associated with a T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia. Science (1982) 5.30
Phosphorothioate analogs of oligodeoxynucleotides: inhibitors of replication and cytopathic effects of human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1987) 5.17
Cellular genes analogous to retroviral onc genes are transcribed in human tumour cells. Nature (1982) 5.11
Genomic diversity of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus HTLV-III: different viruses exhibit greatest divergence in their envelope genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1985) 5.10
HTLV-III-neutralizing antibodies in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. Nature (1985) 5.10
Administration of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, an inhibitor of HTLV-III/LAV replication, to patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex. Lancet (1986) 5.05
Human T-lymphotropic retroviruses. Nature (1985) 5.04
Purification and some characteristics of human T-cell growth factor from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte-conditioned media. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1980) 4.91
Cyclosporin A inhibits T-cell growth factor gene expression at the level of mRNA transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1984) 4.90
Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA of human c-myc oncogene. Nature (1983) 4.83
Prevention of HIV-1 infection in chimpanzees by gp120 V3 domain-specific monoclonal antibody. Nature (1992) 4.75
Isolation of human T-cell leukemia virus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science (1983) 4.72
Cloning and characterization of different human sequences related to the onc gene (v-myc) of avian myelocytomatosis virus (MC29). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1982) 4.70
Restricted neutralization of divergent human T-lymphotropic virus type III isolates by antibodies to the major envelope glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1986) 4.68
Characterization of the reverse transcriptase from a new retrovirus (HTLV) produced by a human cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell line. Virology (1981) 4.68
Isolation and transmission of human retrovirus (human t-cell leukemia virus). Science (1983) 4.67
Tat protein of HIV-1 stimulates growth of cells derived from Kaposi's sarcoma lesions of AIDS patients. Nature (1990) 4.47
Seroepidemiology of HTLV-III antibody in Danish homosexual men: prevalence, transmission, and disease outcome. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) (1984) 4.39
Isolation of a new type C retrovirus (HTLV) in primary uncultured cells of a patient with Sézary T-cell leukaemia. Nature (1981) 4.38
Emergence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with resistance to multiple dideoxynucleosides in patients receiving therapy with dideoxynucleosides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1995) 4.37
Differential expression of the amv gene in human hematopoietic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1982) 4.37
Molecular cloning and characterization of the HTLV-III virus associated with AIDS. Nature (1984) 4.35
Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus and its relationship to the human immunodeficiency viruses. Nature (1987) 4.35
Sequence homology and morphologic similarity of HTLV-III and visna virus, a pathogenic lentivirus. Science (1985) 4.31
Molecular targets for AIDS therapy. Science (1990) 4.28
Expanded HIV-1 cellular tropism by phenotypic mixing with murine endogenous retroviruses. Science (1990) 4.28
Screening test for HTLV-III (AIDS agent) antibodies. Specificity, sensitivity, and applications. JAMA (1985) 4.26
Characterization and distribution of nucleic acid sequences of a novel type C retrovirus isolated from neoplastic human T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1981) 4.24
Infectious mutants of HTLV-III with changes in the 3' region and markedly reduced cytopathic effects. Science (1986) 4.17
Restricted expression of human T-cell leukemia--lymphoma virus (HTLV) in transformed human umbilical cord blood lymphocytes. Virology (1983) 4.11
Biochemical and immunological analysis of human immunodeficiency virus gag gene products p17 and p24. J Virol (1988) 4.06
Designing CD4 immunoadhesins for AIDS therapy. Nature (1989) 4.00
Viral DNA carried by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions. J Virol (1992) 3.93
Translocation and rearrangements of the c-myc oncogene locus in human undifferentiated B-cell lymphomas. Science (1983) 3.82
Impaired synthesis of polyclonal (non-paraprotein) immunoglobulins by circulating lymphocytes from patients with multiple myeloma Role of suppressor cells. N Engl J Med (1975) 3.81
Biologically diverse molecular variants within a single HIV-1 isolate. Nature (1988) 3.80
Seroepidemiological studies of human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type III in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Lancet (1984) 3.77
Chromosomal sublocalization of human c-myb and c-fes cellular onc genes. Nature (1983) 3.77
Natural antibodies to the structural core protein (p24) of the human T-cell leukemia (lymphoma) retrovirus found in sera of leukemia patients in Japan. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1982) 3.75
Release, uptake, and effects of extracellular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein on cell growth and viral transactivation. J Virol (1993) 3.68