Strong ion gap: a methodology for exploring unexplained anions.

PubWeight™: 2.09‹?› | Rank: Top 2%

🔗 View Article (PMID 7647842)

Published in J Crit Care on June 01, 1995

Authors

J A Kellum1, D J Kramer, M R Pinsky

Author Affiliations

1: Department of Anesthesiology/CCM, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA 15213-2582, USA.

Articles citing this

Determinants of blood pH in health and disease. Crit Care (2000) 1.94

Lactate versus non-lactate metabolic acidosis: a retrospective outcome evaluation of critically ill patients. Crit Care (2006) 1.75

Acid-base status of critically ill patients with acute renal failure: analysis based on Stewart-Figge methodology. Crit Care (2003) 1.64

Bench-to-bedside review: Chloride in critical illness. Crit Care (2010) 1.53

The meaning of acid-base abnormalities in the intensive care unit: part III -- effects of fluid administration. Crit Care (2004) 1.48

Conventional or physicochemical approach in intensive care unit patients with metabolic acidosis. Crit Care (2003) 1.45

Clinical review: reunification of acid-base physiology. Crit Care (2005) 1.44

[Stewart's acid-base approach]. Wien Klin Wochenschr (2007) 1.39

Causes of metabolic acidosis in canine hemorrhagic shock: role of unmeasured ions. Crit Care (2007) 1.25

Correction of the anion gap for albumin in order to detect occult tissue anions in shock. Arch Dis Child (2002) 1.13

Chasing the base deficit: hyperchloraemic acidosis following 0.9% saline fluid resuscitation. Arch Dis Child (2000) 1.11

Acetazolamide-mediated decrease in strong ion difference accounts for the correction of metabolic alkalosis in critically ill patients. Crit Care (2006) 1.10

Clinical review: Acid-base abnormalities in the intensive care unit -- part II. Crit Care (2004) 1.07

Clinical review: the meaning of acid-base abnormalities in the intensive care unit part I - epidemiology. Crit Care (2005) 1.02

Relationship between acid-base status and inflammation in the critically ill. Crit Care (2014) 1.02

The Stewart approach--one clinician's perspective. Clin Biochem Rev (2009) 0.98

Unmeasured anions: the unknown unknowns. Crit Care (2008) 0.91

Science review: quantitative acid-base physiology using the Stewart model. Crit Care (2004) 0.89

Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis following open cardiac surgery. Arch Dis Child (2005) 0.89

Clinical Decision Support for Early Recognition of Sepsis. Am J Med Qual (2014) 0.87

Closing the gap on unmeasured anions. Crit Care (2003) 0.86

The standard strong ion difference, standard total titratable base, and their relationship to the Boston compensation rules and the Van Slyke equation for extracellular fluid. J Clin Monit Comput (2010) 0.85

Impact of Plasma-Lyte pH 7.4 on acid-base status and hemodynamics in a model of controlled hemorrhagic shock. Clinics (Sao Paulo) (2011) 0.85

Bench-to-bedside review: a brief history of clinical acid-base. Crit Care (2004) 0.84

Bench-to-bedside review: Fundamental principles of acid-base physiology. Crit Care (2004) 0.83

Quantitative physicochemical analysis of acid-base balance and clinical utility of anion gap and strong ion gap in 806 neonatal calves with diarrhea. J Vet Intern Med (2015) 0.81

Clinical Significance of Strong Ion Gap: between ICU and Hemodialysis Patients with Metabolic Acidosis. Electrolyte Blood Press (2007) 0.80

A comparison of prognostic significance of strong ion gap (SIG) with other acid-base markers in the critically ill: a cohort study. J Intensive Care (2016) 0.79

Partitioning standard base excess: a new approach. J Clin Monit Comput (2011) 0.79

Characterization of acid-base status in maintenance hemodialysis: physicochemical approach. J Artif Organs (2008) 0.78

Evaluation of pulmonary dysfunctions and acid-base imbalances induced by Chlamydia psittaci in a bovine model of respiratory infection. Multidiscip Respir Med (2014) 0.77

Anion gap corrected for albumin, phosphate and lactate is a good predictor of strong ion gap in critically ill patients: a nested cohort study. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva (2013) 0.77

Krebs cycle anions in metabolic acidosis. Crit Care (2005) 0.76

Metabolic acid-base adaptation triggered by acute persistent hypercapnia in mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva (2016) 0.75

A Multidisciplinary Sepsis Program Enabled by a Two-Stage Clinical Decision Support System: Factors That Influence Patient Outcomes. Am J Med Qual (2015) 0.75

The Significance of Strong Ion Gap for Predicting Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Patients with Cardiopulmonary Arrest. Open Med (Wars) (2017) 0.75

Acid-base variables in patients with acute kidney injury requiring peritoneal dialysis in the pediatric cardiac care unit. J Anesth (2009) 0.75

Changes in acid-base and ion balance during exercise in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol (2017) 0.75

Does lactate account for all of the increase in anion gap in cases of metformin-induced lactic acidosis? Clin Exp Nephrol (2015) 0.75

Articles by these authors

Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med (2001) 46.58

Relation between respiratory changes in arterial pulse pressure and fluid responsiveness in septic patients with acute circulatory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (2000) 5.53

Long-term outcome of critically ill elderly patients requiring intensive care. JAMA (1993) 3.27

Clinical use of respiratory changes in arterial pulse pressure to monitor the hemodynamic effects of PEEP. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (1999) 2.28

Quality-adjusted survival in the first year after the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (2001) 2.18

Diffusive vs. convective therapy: effects on mediators of inflammation in patient with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Crit Care Med (1998) 2.14

Differences in outcomes for patients with bacteremia due to vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium or vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium. Clin Infect Dis (1996) 2.12

Effect of intrathoracic pressure on left ventricular performance. N Engl J Med (1979) 2.01

The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS, part 2: Ventilatory, pharmacologic, supportive therapy, study design strategies, and issues related to recovery and remodeling. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (1998) 1.71

Acute myopathy of intensive care: clinical, electromyographic, and pathological aspects. Ann Neurol (1996) 1.68

Release of lactate by the lung in acute lung injury. Chest (1997) 1.66

Quantifying learning in medical students during a critical care medicine elective: a comparison of three evaluation instruments. Crit Care Med (2001) 1.65

Estimating cardiac filling pressure in mechanically ventilated patients with hyperinflation. Crit Care Med (2000) 1.57

Acute myopathy after liver transplantation. Neurology (1998) 1.55

Outcomes research in critical care: results of the American Thoracic Society Critical Care Assembly Workshop on Outcomes Research. The Members of the Outcomes Research Workshop. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (1999) 1.53

Intraoperative ultrasound guidance for intrauterine endoscopic surgery. Fertil Steril (1994) 1.50

Assessment of left ventricular contractile state by preload-adjusted maximal power using echocardiographic automated border detection. J Am Coll Cardiol (1998) 1.45

Defining the hypoxic threshold. Crit Care Med (1991) 1.44

Quantitative assessment of alterations in regional left ventricular contractility with color-coded tissue Doppler echocardiography. Comparison with sonomicrometry and pressure-volume relations. Circulation (1997) 1.43

Prostaglandin E1 infusion for right ventricular failure after cardiac transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg (1992) 1.42

High detection rate of breast ductal carcinoma in situ calcifications on mammographically directed high-resolution sonography. J Ultrasound Med (2001) 1.42

Mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis peripheral blood monocytes in severe human sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (2001) 1.41

NF-kappaB expression in mononuclear cells of patients with sepsis resembles that observed in lipopolysaccharide tolerance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (2000) 1.41

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in the denervated human heart. J Appl Physiol (1985) (1989) 1.39

The effect of managed care on ICU length of stay: implications for medicare. JAMA (1996) 1.35

The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS, part 2. Ventilatory, pharmacologic, supportive therapy, study design strategies and issues related to recovery and remodeling. Intensive Care Med (1998) 1.32

Quantitative analysis of respiratory, motor, and sensory function after supraclavicular block. Anesth Analg (1998) 1.31

Etiology of metabolic acidosis during saline resuscitation in endotoxemia. Shock (1998) 1.25

The effect of intensive plasma water exchange by hemofiltration on hemodynamics and soluble mediators in canine endotoxemia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (2000) 1.22

Determinants of pulmonary arterial flow variation during respiration. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol (1984) 1.20

Impact of acute renal failure on mortality in end-stage liver disease with or without transplantation. Kidney Int (1998) 1.20

Postreperfusion syndrome: cardiovascular collapse following hepatic reperfusion during liver transplantation. Transplant Proc (1987) 1.17

Postreperfusion syndrome: hypotension after reperfusion of the transplanted liver. J Crit Care (1993) 1.15

Instantaneous venous return curves in an intact canine preparation. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol (1984) 1.15

Short-term and long-term outcome prediction with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II system after orthotopic liver transplantation. Crit Care Med (2000) 1.14

Applications of musculoskeletal sonography. J Clin Ultrasound (1999) 1.11

Current understanding of sepsis. Clin Infect Dis (1996) 1.10

Medical students can learn the basic application, analytic, evaluative, and psychomotor skills of critical care medicine. Crit Care Med (2000) 1.09

The inflammatory balance in human sepsis. Intensive Care Med (2000) 1.08

Technology comparison studies require precise reference controls to be valid. Br J Anaesth (2013) 1.07

Hepatic anion flux during acute endotoxemia. J Appl Physiol (1985) (1995) 1.05

Blood lactate levels are better prognostic indicators than TNF and IL-6 levels in patients with septic shock. Intensive Care Med (1996) 1.04

Effects of norepinephrine on the renal vasculature in normal and endotoxemic dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (1999) 1.03

Implications of arterial pressure variation in patients in the intensive care unit. Curr Opin Crit Care (2001) 1.03

Measurements of right ventricular volumes during fluid challenge. Chest (1990) 1.02

Right ventricular function in human sepsis: a thermodilution study. Chest (1997) 1.02

Beyond global oxygen supply-demand relations: in search of measures of dysoxia. Intensive Care Med (1994) 0.99

Augmentation of cardiac function by elevation of intrathoracic pressure. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol (1983) 0.99

Leukocyte activation in the peripheral blood of patients with cirrhosis of the liver and SIRS. Correlation with serum interleukin-6 levels and organ dysfunction. JAMA (1995) 0.98

Cardiopulmonary effects of positive pressure ventilation during acute lung injury. Chest (1995) 0.96

Breathing as exercise: the cardiovascular response to weaning from mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med (2000) 0.95

Prognostic implications of tissue oxygen saturation in human septic shock. Intensive Care Med (2012) 0.95

Fulminant hepatic failure. Surg Clin North Am (1999) 0.95

Resuscitation of patients with septic shock: please "mind the gap"! Intensive Care Med (2013) 0.95

Determinants of aortic pressure variation during positive-pressure ventilation in man. Chest (1999) 0.94

Determinants of cardiac augmentation by elevations in intrathoracic pressure. J Appl Physiol (1985) (1985) 0.94

Clinical and laboratory evaluation of the safety of a bioartificial liver assist device for potential transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus. Transplantation (2002) 0.94

Splanchnic buffering of metabolic acid during early endotoxemia. J Crit Care (1997) 0.92

Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on hepatic blood flow and performance. J Appl Physiol (1985) (1987) 0.92

Outcome of intensive care of the "oldest-old" critically ill patients. Crit Care Med (1992) 0.92

Right atrial pressure predicts hemodynamic response to apneic positive airway pressure. Crit Care Med (2000) 0.91

Interleukin-6 administration has no acute hemodynamic or hematologic effect in the dog. Cytokine (1991) 0.91

Effect of inhaled nitric oxide on pulmonary hemodynamics after acute lung injury in dogs. J Appl Physiol (1985) (1994) 0.91

Safety observations in phase I clinical evaluation of the Excorp Medical Bioartificial Liver Support System after the first four patients. ASAIO J (2001) 0.91

Fetal cleft lip with and without cleft palate: US classification and correlation with outcome. Radiology (1995) 0.90

Nitric oxide contamination of hospital compressed air improves gas exchange in patients with acute lung injury. Intensive Care Med (2002) 0.90

Transvisceral lactate fluxes during early endotoxemia. Chest (1996) 0.90

Effect of quinupristin/dalfopristin on the outcome of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteraemia: comparison with a control cohort. J Antimicrob Chemother (1997) 0.89

Left ventricular performance assessed by echocardiographic automated border detection and arterial pressure. Am J Physiol (1997) 0.88

Flow redistribution during progressive hemorrhage is a determinant of critical O2 delivery. J Appl Physiol (1985) (1991) 0.87

A comparison of the vasodilating effects of halothane and isoflurane on the isolated rabbit basilar artery with and without intact endothelium. Anesthesiology (1992) 0.86

Kidney allocation to liver transplant candidates with renal failure of undetermined etiology: role of percutaneous renal biopsy. Am J Transplant (2008) 0.86

Effect of positive-pressure ventilatory frequency on regional pleural pressure. J Appl Physiol (1985) (1988) 0.86

On-line estimation of changes in left ventricular stroke volume by transesophageal echocardiographic automated border detection in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol (1993) 0.86

Cardiovascular depression secondary to ionic hypocalcemia during hepatic transplantation in humans. Anesthesiology (1986) 0.86

Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on hemodynamics and indocyanine green kinetics in patients after orthotopic liver transplantation. Crit Care Med (2000) 0.86

Assessment of left ventricular performance by on-line pressure-area relations using echocardiographic automated border detection. J Am Coll Cardiol (1994) 0.85

Exhaled and nasal nitric oxide as a marker of pneumonia in ventilated patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (2001) 0.85

Influence of anthropometric features on graft diameter in ACL reconstruction. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg (2012) 0.85

Early complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Surg Clin North Am (1999) 0.85

Two-dimensional echocardiographic automated border detection accurately reflects changes in left ventricular volume. J Am Soc Echocardiogr (1994) 0.84

Assessment of the immediate effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on left ventricular performance by on-line pressure-area relations. Circulation (1994) 0.84

Effects of D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury on mortality and pulmonary responses to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Modulation by arachidonic acid metabolites. Am Rev Respir Dis (1990) 0.83

Respiratory augmentation of left ventricular function during spontaneous ventilation in severe left ventricular failure by grunting. An auto-EPAP effect. Chest (1984) 0.83

Cardiac augmentation by phasic high intrathoracic pressure support in man. Chest (1983) 0.82

On-line estimation of stroke volume by means of echocardiographic automated border detection in the canine left ventricle. Am Heart J (1993) 0.82

Right ventricular function during orthotopic liver transplantation. Anesth Analg (1993) 0.82

The role of the right ventricle in determining cardiac output in the in the critically ill. Intensive Care Med (1993) 0.82

Novel bioartificial liver support system: preclinical evaluation. Ann N Y Acad Sci (1999) 0.82

The meaning of cardiac output. Intensive Care Med (1990) 0.81

Quantification of thrombelastographic changes after blood component transfusion in patients with liver disease in the intensive care unit. Anesth Analg (1995) 0.81

Ventricular assist by cardiac cycle-specific increases in intrathoracic pressure. Chest (1987) 0.81

Effect of the pericardium on systolic ventricular interdependence in the dog. J Crit Care (1993) 0.80