Published in BMJ on October 30, 1993
Investigating neighborhood and area effects on health. Am J Public Health (2001) 10.79
Deprivation and mortality in Scotland, 1981 and 1991. BMJ (1994) 8.68
Higher mortality in deprived areas: community or personal disadvantage? BMJ (1994) 7.69
Geographical variation in cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and their control in older women: British Women's Heart and Health Study. J Epidemiol Community Health (2003) 4.67
Socioeconomic differentials in wealth and health. BMJ (1993) 4.32
Deprivation indices: their interpretation and use in relation to health. J Epidemiol Community Health (1995) 4.09
Area deprivation and widening inequalities in US mortality, 1969-1998. Am J Public Health (2003) 3.85
Longitudinal cohort study of childhood IQ and survival up to age 76. BMJ (2001) 3.63
Smoking behaviour can be predicted by neighbourhood deprivation measures. J Epidemiol Community Health (1995) 3.25
Does the variation in the socioeconomic characteristics of an area affect mortality? BMJ (1996) 3.22
Trends in mortality from 1965 to 2008 across the English north-south divide: comparative observational study. BMJ (2011) 3.01
Deprivation and emergency admissions for cancers of colorectum, lung, and breast in south east England: ecological study. BMJ (1998) 2.95
Assessing equity in access to health care provision in the UK: does where you live affect your chances of getting a coronary artery bypass graft? J Epidemiol Community Health (1995) 2.86
Why is mortality higher in poorer areas and in more northern areas of England and Wales? J Epidemiol Community Health (1998) 2.78
Poverty area residence and changes in physical activity level: evidence from the Alameda County Study. Am J Public Health (1998) 2.62
Relation between birth weight at term and systolic blood pressure in adolescence. BMJ (1994) 2.37
Life expectancy in England: variations and trends by gender, health authority, and level of deprivation. J Epidemiol Community Health (1997) 2.36
The impact of area deprivation on differences in health: does the choice of the geographical classification matter? J Epidemiol Community Health (2000) 2.27
Modelling inequality in reported long term illness in the UK: combining individual and area characteristics. J Epidemiol Community Health (1996) 2.17
"I'm all right, John": voting patterns and mortality in England and Wales, 1981-92. BMJ (1997) 2.09
Material standard of living, social class, and the prevalence of the common mental disorders in Great Britain. J Epidemiol Community Health (1998) 2.07
Deprivation indicators as predictors of life events 1981-1992 based on the UK ONS Longitudinal Study. J Epidemiol Community Health (1998) 1.91
Ecological association between a deprivation index and mortality in France over the period 1997 - 2001: variations with spatial scale, degree of urbanicity, age, gender and cause of death. BMC Public Health (2009) 1.80
Limiting long-term illness and its associations with mortality and indicators of social deprivation. J Epidemiol Community Health (1995) 1.74
Geographical variation in life expectancy at birth in England and Wales is largely explained by deprivation. J Epidemiol Community Health (2005) 1.66
Urban area disadvantage and under-5 mortality in Nigeria: the effect of rapid urbanization. Environ Health Perspect (2010) 1.61
Geographic variation in incidence of coronary heart disease in Britain: the contribution of established risk factors. Heart (2001) 1.60
From the surgery to the surgeon: does deprivation influence consultation and operation rates? Br J Gen Pract (1995) 1.57
Trends and inequalities in cardiovascular disease mortality across 7932 English electoral wards, 1982-2006: Bayesian spatial analysis. Int J Epidemiol (2012) 1.55
The non-linear risk of mortality by income level in a healthy population: US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey mortality follow-up cohort, 1988-2001. BMC Public Health (2008) 1.35
The importance of normalisation in the construction of deprivation indices. J Epidemiol Community Health (1995) 1.28
Geographical patterns of excess mortality in Spain explained by two indices of deprivation. J Epidemiol Community Health (1999) 1.24
A comparison of methods for calculating general practice level socioeconomic deprivation. Int J Health Geogr (2006) 1.21
Proxies for healthcare need among populations: validation of alternatives--a study in Quebec. J Epidemiol Community Health (1996) 1.21
Perceived neighborhood problems and quality of life, physical functioning, and depressive symptoms among adults with asthma. Am J Public Health (2006) 1.19
A standardisation approach to the control of socioeconomic confounding in small area studies of environment and health. J Epidemiol Community Health (1995) 1.13
Does social disadvantage contribute to the excess mortality in rheumatoid arthritis patients? Ann Rheum Dis (1999) 1.09
Individual accumulation of heterogeneous risks explains perinatal inequalities within deprived neighbourhoods. Eur J Epidemiol (2011) 1.07
Do practice-based preventive child health services affect the use of hospitals? A cross-sectional study of hospital use by children in east London. Br J Gen Pract (2000) 1.03
Material deprivation and leading causes of death by gender: evidence from a nationwide small area study. J Epidemiol Community Health (2001) 0.99
Workplace as an origin of health inequalities. J Epidemiol Community Health (1999) 0.96
Relative deprivation, poverty, and subjective health: JAGES cross-sectional study. PLoS One (2014) 0.93
Monitoring health inequalities: life expectancy and small area deprivation in New Zealand. Popul Health Metr (2003) 0.92
A novel tool for assessing and summarizing the built environment. Int J Health Geogr (2012) 0.88
Understanding mortality in the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in England and Wales. Influenza Other Respir Viruses (2010) 0.85
Deprivation and health. Deprivation contributes to chronic illness. BMJ (1994) 0.85
Relative importance of urbanicity, ethnicity and socioeconomic factors regarding area mortality differences. J Epidemiol Community Health (1999) 0.83
How safe is your neighborhood? Perceived neighborhood safety and functional decline in older adults. J Gen Intern Med (2011) 0.82
Do socioeconomic inequalities in mortality vary between different Spanish cities? a pooled cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health (2013) 0.82
Health, ageing and social differentials: a case study of Soweto, South Africa. J Cross Cult Gerontol (2003) 0.79
Premature mortality due to social and material deprivation in Nova Scotia, Canada. Int J Equity Health (2014) 0.77
Is social deprivation an independent predictor of outcomes following cardiac surgery? An analysis of 240,221 patients from a national registry. BMJ Open (2015) 0.77
Leveraging geotagged Twitter data to examine neighborhood happiness, diet, and physical activity. Appl Geogr (2016) 0.76
Healthy villages. Occas Pap R Coll Gen Pract (1995) 0.75
Excess Mortality Attributable to Clostridium difficile and Risk Factors for Infection in an Historic Cohort of Hospitalised Patients Followed Up in the United Kingdom Death Register. PLoS One (2016) 0.75
Deprivation and health. Gradient between north and south remains. BMJ (1994) 0.75
Social deprivation and health. Wealth redistribution has its price. BMJ (1993) 0.75
The challenge of an inner city practice. Ulster Med J (1995) 0.75
Identification of underprivileged areas. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) (1983) 37.56
Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. Lancet (1991) 24.79
The Black report on socioeconomic inequalities in health 10 years on. BMJ (1990) 14.93
Inequalities in death--specific explanations of a general pattern? Lancet (1984) 13.99
Poverty and health. Prospective evidence from the Alameda County Study. Am J Epidemiol (1987) 12.20
Infant mortality, childhood nutrition, and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales. Lancet (1986) 12.13
Deprivation: explaining differences in mortality between Scotland and England and Wales. BMJ (1989) 11.02
Mortality decline and widening social inequalities. Lancet (1986) 10.56
"Avoidable" mortality and health services: a review of aggregate data studies. J Epidemiol Community Health (1990) 7.92
Deprivation in infancy or in adult life: which is more important for mortality risk? Lancet (1991) 6.84
British Regional Heart Study: geographic variations in cardiovascular mortality, and the role of water quality. Br Med J (1980) 5.56
Social class differences in years of potential life lost: size, trends, and principal causes. BMJ (1990) 5.06
Incidence of cancers of the larynx and lung near incinerators of waste solvents and oils in Great Britain. Lancet (1992) 3.71
Healthy life expectancy: evaluation of global indicator of change in population health. BMJ (1991) 3.45
Women's smoking and family health. Soc Sci Med (1987) 3.10
Discrepant legacies: premature mortality in two industrial towns. Soc Sci Med (1991) 2.62
Are deprivation indicators a proxy for morbidity? A comparison of the prevalence of arthritis, depression, dyspepsia, obesity and respiratory symptoms with unemployment rates and Jarman scores. J Public Health Med (1993) 2.22
The Roseto effect: a 50-year comparison of mortality rates. Am J Public Health (1992) 1.58
Behavioural risk factors among young adults in small areas with high mortality versus those in low-mortality areas. Int J Epidemiol (1991) 1.18
Inequalities in death--specific explanations of a general pattern? Lancet (1984) 13.99
Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in South Asians. Lancet (1991) 11.30
Mortality decline and widening social inequalities. Lancet (1986) 10.56
Employment grade and coronary heart disease in British civil servants. J Epidemiol Community Health (1978) 8.58
Life course epidemiology. J Epidemiol Community Health (2003) 6.75
Low job control and risk of coronary heart disease in Whitehall II (prospective cohort) study. BMJ (1997) 6.13
What features improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in Parkinson's disease: a clinicopathologic study. Neurology (1992) 6.03
Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. JAMA (2005) 5.60
Changing social-class distribution of heart disease. Br Med J (1978) 5.46
Social class and coronary heart disease. Br Heart J (1981) 5.43
Social/economic status and disease. Annu Rev Public Health (1987) 5.03
Consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Sci (1999) 5.01
Diet and risk factors for coronary heart disease in Asians in northwest London. Lancet (1985) 4.83
Coronary heart disease in south Asians overseas: a review. J Clin Epidemiol (1989) 4.53
Acculturation and coronary heart disease in Japanese-Americans. Am J Epidemiol (1976) 4.18
Explaining socioeconomic differences in sickness absence: the Whitehall II Study. BMJ (1993) 4.16
Lessons from the study of immigrant mortality. Lancet (1984) 4.10
Association of early-onset coronary heart disease in South Asian men with glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia. Circulation (1993) 4.05
Effects of chronic job insecurity and change in job security on self reported health, minor psychiatric morbidity, physiological measures, and health related behaviours in British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. J Epidemiol Community Health (2002) 3.98
Prevalence of progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy: a cross-sectional study. Lancet (1999) 3.94
The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration: analysis of individual data on lipid, inflammatory and other markers in over 1.1 million participants in 104 prospective studies of cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Epidemiol (2007) 3.81
Adrenocortical, autonomic, and inflammatory causes of the metabolic syndrome: nested case-control study. Circulation (2002) 3.63
Plasma cholesterol concentration and mortality. The Whitehall Study. JAMA (1992) 3.37
Social inequality in coronary risk: central obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Evidence from the Whitehall II study. Diabetologia (1997) 3.34
Alcohol and mortality: a U-shaped curve. Lancet (1981) 3.28
Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California: prevalence of coronary and hypertensive heart disease and associated risk factors. Am J Epidemiol (1975) 3.26
When does cardiovascular risk start? Past and present socioeconomic circumstances and risk factors in adulthood. J Epidemiol Community Health (1999) 3.15
Job strain in relation to body mass index: pooled analysis of 160 000 adults from 13 cohort studies. J Intern Med (2011) 3.14
Fourteen-year final report of the randomized PDRG-UK trial comparing three initial treatments in PD. Neurology (2008) 3.10
Diabetes, hyperinsulinaemia, and coronary risk factors in Bangladeshis in east London. Br Heart J (1988) 3.05
Psychosocial work characteristics and social support as predictors of SF-36 health functioning: the Whitehall II study. Psychosom Med (1998) 3.05
Social class and minor psychiatric disorder in British Civil Servants: a validated screening survey using the General Health Questionnaire. Psychol Med (1992) 2.93
Health effects of anticipation of job change and non-employment: longitudinal data from the Whitehall II study. BMJ (1995) 2.92
Counting the cost of social disadvantage in primary care: retrospective analysis of patient data. BMJ (1997) 2.82
Epidemiology and the art of the soluble. Lancet (1986) 2.81
Work characteristics predict psychiatric disorder: prospective results from the Whitehall II Study. Occup Environ Med (1999) 2.68
Mortality from coronary heart disease in Asian communities in London. BMJ (1988) 2.64
An uncertain future: the health effects of threats to employment security in white-collar men and women. Am J Public Health (1998) 2.57
How valid is the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in the community? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (2002) 2.48
Predictors of early retirement in British civil servants. Age Ageing (2000) 2.45
Streptococcal infection, Tourette syndrome, and OCD: is there a connection? Neurology (2009) 2.33
Socioeconomic differences in cancer survival. J Epidemiol Community Health (1991) 2.30
Resting and ambulatory blood pressure differences in Afro-Caribbeans and Europeans. Hypertension (1993) 2.25
A comparison of self-reported sickness absence with absences recorded in employers' registers: evidence from the Whitehall II study. Occup Environ Med (2005) 2.22
Magnitude and causes of mortality differences between married and unmarried men. J Epidemiol Community Health (1993) 2.17
Cross sectional prevalence survey of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism in London. BMJ (2000) 2.17
Equity in the NHS. Monitoring and promoting equity in primary and secondary care. BMJ (1994) 2.13
Trial of relaxation in reducing coronary risk: four year follow up. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) (1985) 2.07
Stimulation of the caudal zona incerta is superior to stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in improving contralateral parkinsonism. Brain (2006) 2.07
Alcohol and coronary heart disease. Int J Epidemiol (1984) 2.06
Associations of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 with cognitive symptoms of depression: 12-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. Psychol Med (2008) 2.06
Relationship of glucose intolerance to coronary risk in Afro-Caribbeans compared with Europeans. Diabetologia (1994) 1.95
Lay diagnosis and health-care-seeking behaviour for chest pain in south Asians and Europeans. Lancet (1997) 1.94
Work stress, weight gain and weight loss: evidence for bidirectional effects of job strain on body mass index in the Whitehall II study. Int J Obes (Lond) (2006) 1.88
What features improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in Parkinson's disease: a clinicopathologic study. 1992. Neurology (2001) 1.87
Explaining social class differences in depression and well-being. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol (1998) 1.87
Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California: introduction. Am J Epidemiol (1975) 1.87
Association between smoking and blood pressure: evidence from the health survey for England. Hypertension (2001) 1.82
Cancer mortality in Indian and British ethnic immigrants from the Indian subcontinent to England and Wales. Br J Cancer (1995) 1.81
Work characteristics and psychiatric disorder in civil servants in London. J Epidemiol Community Health (1995) 1.80
Blood pressure reactions to acute psychological stress and future blood pressure status: a 10-year follow-up of men in the Whitehall II study. Psychosom Med (2001) 1.80
Relationship of glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia to body fat pattern in south Asians and Europeans. Diabetologia (1992) 1.79
Does plasma cholesterol concentration predict mortality from coronary heart disease in elderly people? 18 year follow up in Whitehall study. BMJ (1991) 1.79
Commentary: socioeconomic position should be measured accurately. BMJ (1999) 1.79
Effect of breast-feeding on plasma cholesterol and weight in young adults. J Epidemiol Community Health (1980) 1.73
Consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. American Autonomic Society and American Academy of Neurology. Clin Auton Res (1998) 1.71
Fibrinogen: a possible link between social class and coronary heart disease. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) (1985) 1.67
Ecological analysis of collectivity of alcohol consumption in England: importance of average drinker. BMJ (1997) 1.67
The impact of childhood body mass index on timing of puberty, adult stature and obesity: a follow-up study based on adolescent anthropometry recorded at Christ's Hospital (1936-1964). Int J Obes (Lond) (2006) 1.67
Survival and cause of death in a cohort of patients with parkinsonism: possible clues to aetiology? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (1995) 1.65
Job insecurity in white-collar workers: toward an explanation of associations with health. J Occup Health Psychol (2001) 1.65
Employment grade differences in cause specific mortality. A 25 year follow up of civil servants from the first Whitehall study. J Epidemiol Community Health (2000) 1.65
Ten-year follow-up of three different initial treatments in de-novo PD: a randomized trial. Neurology (2001) 1.64
Birth size and arterial compliance in young adults. Lancet (2000) 1.63
Injustice at work and incidence of psychiatric morbidity: the Whitehall II study. Occup Environ Med (2006) 1.62
The health effects of major organisational change and job insecurity. Soc Sci Med (1998) 1.62
Seasonal variation in cause-specific mortality: are there high-risk groups? 25-year follow-up of civil servants from the first Whitehall study. Int J Epidemiol (2001) 1.61
From the surgery to the surgeon: does deprivation influence consultation and operation rates? Br J Gen Pract (1995) 1.57
Cancer mortality in African and Caribbean migrants to England and Wales. Br J Cancer (1992) 1.54
Children's emotional and behavioural well-being and the family environment: findings from the Health Survey for England. Soc Sci Med (2001) 1.51
Socioeconomic differences in weight gain and determinants and consequences of coronary risk factors. Am J Clin Nutr (1999) 1.49
Do socioeconomic disadvantages persist into old age? Self-reported morbidity in a 29-year follow-up of the Whitehall Study. Am J Public Health (2001) 1.49
Homocysteine and coronary heart disease in the Caerphilly cohort: a 10 year follow up. Heart (2001) 1.49
Controlled trial of biofeedback-aided behavioural methods in reducing mild hypertension. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) (1981) 1.48
The prevalence of progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome) in the UK. Brain (2001) 1.44
Self-reported economic difficulties and coronary events in men: evidence from the Whitehall II study. Int J Epidemiol (2005) 1.43
Employment status and health after privatisation in white collar civil servants: prospective cohort study. BMJ (2001) 1.42
Smoking and Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (1982) 1.37
Obesity and overweight in relation to organ-specific cancer mortality in London (UK): findings from the original Whitehall study. Int J Obes (Lond) (2005) 1.36
Clinical features and natural history of progressive supranuclear palsy: a clinical cohort study. Neurology (2003) 1.35
Change in health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. J Epidemiol Community Health (2002) 1.35
Cigarette smoking and site-specific cancer mortality: testing uncertain associations using extended follow-up of the original Whitehall study. Ann Oncol (2008) 1.34
CSF oligoclonal band status informs prognosis in multiple sclerosis: a case control study of 100 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (2008) 1.32
Long working hours and symptoms of anxiety and depression: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. Psychol Med (2011) 1.30
Differences in biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease between three ethnic groups in the Whitehall II study. Atherosclerosis (1999) 1.30
Obesity and overweight in relation to disease-specific mortality in men with and without existing coronary heart disease in London: the original Whitehall study. Heart (2005) 1.29
Clinicopathological study of 35 cases of multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (1995) 1.28
The assessment of biological age: a report from the Department of Environment Study. Aging (Milano) (1994) 1.28
Systematically missing confounders in individual participant data meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Stat Med (2009) 1.27
Dietary assessment in Whitehall II: the influence of reporting bias on apparent socioeconomic variation in nutrient intakes. Eur J Clin Nutr (1997) 1.26