Published in J Exp Med on May 15, 2000
Variations in emm type among group A streptococcal isolates causing invasive or noninvasive infections in a nationwide study. J Clin Microbiol (2005) 1.50
Multilocus analysis of extracellular putative virulence proteins made by group A Streptococcus: population genetics, human serologic response, and gene transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2001) 1.41
egc-Encoded superantigens from Staphylococcus aureus are neutralized by human sera much less efficiently than are classical staphylococcal enterotoxins or toxic shock syndrome toxin. Infect Immun (2004) 1.41
A novel core genome-encoded superantigen contributes to lethality of community-associated MRSA necrotizing pneumonia. PLoS Pathog (2011) 1.37
Two novel superantigens found in both group A and group C Streptococcus. Infect Immun (2003) 1.27
Site-specific manifestations of invasive group a streptococcal disease: type distribution and corresponding patterns of virulence determinants. J Clin Microbiol (2003) 1.23
Superantigens and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Emerg Infect Dis (2003) 1.17
Functional characterization of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin J, a novel superantigen. Infect Immun (2001) 1.01
Cloning, expression, and characterization of the superantigen streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin G from Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Infect Immun (2007) 0.95
Pyrogenicity and cytokine-inducing properties of Streptococcus pyogenes superantigens: comparative study of streptococcal mitogenic exotoxin Z and pyrogenic exotoxin A. Infect Immun (2001) 0.94
Involvement of streptococcal mitogenic exotoxin Z in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. J Clin Microbiol (2005) 0.88
The contribution of group A streptococcal virulence determinants to the pathogenesis of sepsis. Virulence (2013) 0.87
Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the minor pilin FctB from Streptococcus pyogenes. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun (2010) 0.79
Superantigenic activity of emm3 Streptococcus pyogenes is abrogated by a conserved, naturally occurring smeZ mutation. PLoS One (2012) 0.78
Antigen targeting to major histocompatibility complex class II with streptococcal mitogenic exotoxin Z-2 M1, a superantigen-based vaccine carrier. Clin Vaccine Immunol (2012) 0.75
Emergence of Streptococcus pyogenes emm102 causing toxic shock syndrome in Southern Taiwan during 2005-2012. PLoS One (2013) 0.75
Genome Analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes Associated with Pharyngitis and Skin Infections. PLoS One (2016) 0.75
The virulence factors of group A streptococcus strains isolated from invasive and non-invasive infections in Polish and German centres, 2009-2011. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis (2017) 0.75
Current insights in invasive group A streptococcal infections in pediatrics. Eur J Pediatr (2012) 0.75
The staphylococcal enterotoxins and their relatives. Science (1990) 11.99
Severe group A streptococcal infections associated with a toxic shock-like syndrome and scarlet fever toxin A. N Engl J Med (1989) 8.01
Superantigens: mechanism of T-cell stimulation and role in immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol (1991) 5.71
Streptococcus pyogenes causing toxic-shock-like syndrome and other invasive diseases: clonal diversity and pyrogenic exotoxin expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1991) 5.46
Clinical and bacteriologic observations of a toxic shock-like syndrome due to Streptococcus pyogenes. N Engl J Med (1987) 4.38
Group A streptococcal infections and acute rheumatic fever. N Engl J Med (1991) 4.20
Superantigens and their potential role in human disease. Adv Immunol (1993) 3.88
Geographic and temporal distribution and molecular characterization of two highly pathogenic clones of Streptococcus pyogenes expressing allelic variants of pyrogenic exotoxin A (Scarlet fever toxin). J Infect Dis (1993) 2.84
Aspects of pathogenesis of serious group A streptococcal infections in Sweden, 1988-1989. J Infect Dis (1992) 2.78
Toxic shock syndrome-associated staphylococcal and streptococcal pyrogenic toxins are potent inducers of tumor necrosis factor production. Infect Immun (1989) 2.77
Selective expansion of T cells expressing T-cell receptor variable regions V beta 2 and V beta 8 in Kawasaki disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1992) 2.56
Association of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes isolates with clinical components of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Infect Immun (1993) 2.32
Horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of group A streptococcal emm-like genes: gene mosaics and variation in Vir regulons. Mol Microbiol (1994) 2.21
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: synthesis of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 by monocytes stimulated with pyrogenic exotoxin A and streptolysin O. J Infect Dis (1992) 2.09
Severe invasive group A streptococcal infections in Ontario, Canada: 1987-1991. Clin Infect Dis (1993) 2.07
Molecular analysis of pyrogenic exotoxins from Streptococcus pyogenes isolates associated with toxic shock-like syndrome. J Clin Microbiol (1991) 2.07
Identification and characterization of novel superantigens from Streptococcus pyogenes. J Exp Med (1999) 1.98
Molecular epidemiologic analysis of the type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) gene (speA) in clinical Streptococcus pyogenes strains. Infect Immun (1989) 1.76
Genetic and phenotypic diversity among isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes from invasive infections. J Infect Dis (1996) 1.71
Characterization and clonal distribution of four alleles of the speA gene encoding pyrogenic exotoxin A (scarlet fever toxin) in Streptococcus pyogenes. J Exp Med (1991) 1.66
Two adjacent residues in staphylococcal enterotoxins A and E determine T cell receptor V beta specificity. J Exp Med (1993) 1.61
Molecular population genetic analysis of the streptokinase gene of Streptococcus pyogenes: mosaic alleles generated by recombination. Mol Microbiol (1995) 1.52
Invasive group A streptococcal disease in metropolitan Atlanta: a population-based assessment. Clin Infect Dis (1998) 1.36
Analysis of the superantigenic activity of mutant and allelic forms of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A. Infect Immun (1996) 1.35
Acute rheumatic fever in Auckland, New Zealand: spectrum of associated group A streptococci different from expected. Pediatr Infect Dis J (1994) 1.35
The reemergence of serious group A streptococcal infections and acute rheumatic fever. Am J Med Sci (1996) 1.33
The autolysin-encoding gene (lytA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae displays restricted allelic variation despite localized recombination events with genes of pneumococcal bacteriophage encoding cell wall lytic enzymes. Infect Immun (1999) 1.31
Molecular population genetic evidence of horizontal spread of two alleles of the pyrogenic exotoxin C gene (speC) among pathogenic clones of Streptococcus pyogenes. Infect Immun (1992) 1.16
Streptococcal mitogenic exotoxin Z, a novel acidic superantigenic toxin produced by a T1 strain of Streptococcus pyogenes. Infect Immun (1997) 1.16
Invasive group A streptococcal disease in Taiwan is not associated with the presence of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin genes. Clin Infect Dis (1998) 1.15
Clinical and microbiological characteristics of severe group A streptococcus infections and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Clin Infect Dis (1995) 1.13
Evidence for superantigen involvement in cardiovascular injury due to Kawasaki syndrome. J Immunol (1995) 1.12
Phylogenetic distribution of streptococcal superantigen SSA allelic variants provides evidence for horizontal transfer of ssa within Streptococcus pyogenes. Infect Immun (1996) 1.05
Subtype-specific interactions of type C staphylococcal enterotoxins with the T-cell receptor. Mol Microbiol (1996) 1.00
Conservation and variation in superantigen structure and activity highlighted by the three-dimensional structures of two new superantigens from Streptococcus pyogenes. J Mol Biol (2000) 0.99
Clonal analysis of five M types causing most disease in New Zealand. Adv Exp Med Biol (1997) 0.77
Changes in plasma HIV-1 RNA and CD4+ lymphocyte counts and the risk of progression to AIDS. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on AIDS. N Engl J Med (1996) 7.06
Control of specific gene expression in higher organisms. Expression of mammalian genes may be controlled by repressors acting on the translation of messenger RNA. Science (1969) 4.81
Risk factors for complications of chronic anticoagulation. A multicenter study. Warfarin Optimized Outpatient Follow-up Study Group. Ann Intern Med (1993) 4.03
Deprivation payments to general practitioners: limitations of census data. BMJ (1996) 3.98
Using data from the 1991 census. BMJ (1995) 3.63
Guidelines on the management of common bile duct stones (CBDS). Gut (2008) 3.58
Early predictors of career achievement in academic medicine. JAMA (1992) 3.35
emm typing and validation of provisional M types for group A streptococci. Emerg Infect Dis (1999) 3.12
Modulation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels by different human dopamine D4 receptor variants. J Neurochem (1995) 3.08
PDK1 acquires PDK2 activity in the presence of a synthetic peptide derived from the carboxyl terminus of PRK2. Curr Biol (1999) 3.05
A prospective study of delirium in hospitalized elderly. JAMA (1990) 3.02
The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2000 and accessibility effects on health. J Epidemiol Community Health (2004) 2.92
Risk factors for complication following ERCP; results of a large-scale, prospective multicenter study. Endoscopy (2007) 2.88
The zeta chain is associated with a tyrosine kinase and upon T-cell antigen receptor stimulation associates with ZAP-70, a 70-kDa tyrosine phosphoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1991) 2.74
Activation of protein kinase B beta and gamma isoforms by insulin in vivo and by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 in vitro: comparison with protein kinase B alpha. Biochem J (1998) 2.73
Adjuvant bisphosphonate treatment in early breast cancer: meta-analyses of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet (2015) 2.70
Benign intracranial hypertension. II. CSF pressure and circulation. Brain (1974) 2.69
Low fat caries. Br Dent J (1996) 2.64
Delay in the presentation of breast symptoms for consultant investigation. Community Med (1981) 2.53
Postcodes and the 1991 census of population: issues, problems and prospects. Trans Inst Br Geogr (1992) 2.46
Bacterial superantigens. Clin Exp Immunol (2003) 2.42
On-site HIV testing in resource-poor settings: is one rapid test enough? AIDS (1997) 2.39
Functional recovery in parkinsonian monkeys treated with GDNF. Nature (1996) 2.35
Estrogen therapy and variable-resistance weight training increase bone mineral in surgically menopausal women. J Bone Miner Res (1991) 2.33
Emergence of NK1.1+ cells as effectors of IFN-gamma dependent immunity to Toxoplasma gondii in MHC class I-deficient mice. J Exp Med (1993) 2.07
Intrathecal HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 induces enhanced pain states mediated by spinal cord proinflammatory cytokines. J Neurosci (2001) 2.07
Identification and characterization of novel superantigens from Streptococcus pyogenes. J Exp Med (1999) 1.98
Difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence: novice physicians who are unskilled and unaware of it. Acad Med (2001) 1.98
The running tie-over dressing. Plast Reconstr Surg (2000) 1.96
Synthesis and induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in synchronized hepatoma cells in culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1969) 1.95
Intrathecal interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in combination with soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor exhibits an anti-allodynic action in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Neuroscience (2001) 1.91
Gastrointestinal hormone responses to meals before and after gastric bypass and vertical banded gastroplasty. Ann Surg (1990) 1.90
Evidence for the involvement of spinal cord glia in subcutaneous formalin induced hyperalgesia in the rat. Pain (1997) 1.90
Terpenoid secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana: cDNA cloning, characterization, and functional expression of a myrcene/(E)-beta-ocimene synthase. Arch Biochem Biophys (2000) 1.89
Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus from Aedes albopictus in Florida. Science (1992) 1.89
A novel mechanism for skeletal resistance in uremia. Kidney Int (2000) 1.88
Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia produced by intrathecal administration of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein, gp120. Brain Res (2000) 1.83
Tight junction proteins ZO-1, ZO-2, and occludin along isolated renal tubules. Kidney Int (2000) 1.82
Comorbidity in ADHD: implications for research, practice, and DSM-V. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry (1997) 1.81
Transcriptional regulation of the mosquito vitellogenin gene via a blood meal-triggered cascade. Gene (2001) 1.81
Linking community-based blood pressure measurement to clinical care: a randomized controlled trial of outreach and tracking by community health workers. Am J Public Health (1999) 1.81
A survey of awareness of radiation dose among health professionals in Northern Ireland. Br J Radiol (2008) 1.80
Benign intracranial hypertension. I. Diagnosis and prognosis. Brain (1974) 1.80
Characterization of cytokine-induced hyperalgesia. Brain Res (1994) 1.78
Evidence for an Alzheimer disease susceptibility locus on chromosome 12 and for further locus heterogeneity. JAMA (1998) 1.76
Establishing a workplace antiretroviral therapy programme in South Africa. AIDS Care (2007) 1.75
Identification of group B streptococcal Sip protein, which elicits cross-protective immunity. Infect Immun (2000) 1.73
A multilevel analysis of the effects of rurality and social deprivation on premature limiting long term illness. J Epidemiol Community Health (2001) 1.72
Immunogenicity and safety of a strain-specific MenB OMV vaccine delivered to under 5-year olds in New Zealand. Vaccine (2007) 1.72
Lipopolysaccharide pre-treatment induces resistance against subsequent focal cerebral ischemic damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brain Res (1997) 1.69
What predicts failed cannulation and therapy at ERCP? Results of a large-scale multicenter analysis. Endoscopy (2012) 1.68
The cytoplasmic domain of CD28 is both necessary and sufficient for costimulation of interleukin-2 secretion and association with phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase. Mol Cell Biol (1994) 1.67
Issues in the measurement of satisfaction with treatment. Am J Manag Care (1997) 1.67
Neisseria meningitidis group B correlates of protection and assay standardization--international meeting report Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 16-17 March 2005. Vaccine (2006) 1.67
Tumor escape from immune recognition: lethal recurrent melanoma in a patient associated with downregulation of the peptide transporter protein TAP-1 and loss of expression of the immunodominant MART-1/Melan-A antigen. J Clin Invest (1996) 1.64
Recognition and management of fatty acid oxidation defects: a series of 107 patients. J Inherit Metab Dis (1999) 1.63
Antimicrobial prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med (1980) 1.61
Two adjacent residues in staphylococcal enterotoxins A and E determine T cell receptor V beta specificity. J Exp Med (1993) 1.61
Osteogenic protein-1 prevents renal fibrogenesis associated with ureteral obstruction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol (2000) 1.61
Blockade of interleukin-1 induced hyperthermia by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy: evidence for vagal mediation of immune-brain communication. Neurosci Lett (1995) 1.60
Position-dependent variegation of globin transgene expression in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1995) 1.58
Staphylococcal enterotoxin A has two cooperative binding sites on major histocompatibility complex class II. J Exp Med (1995) 1.58
The generation of spatial population distributions from census centroid data. Environ Plan A (1989) 1.57
Arrhythmias and conduction defects as presenting symptoms of fatty acid oxidation disorders in children. Circulation (1999) 1.57
Phenotypic classes of phenoloxidase-negative mutants of the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Bacteriol (1985) 1.56
Meningococcal disease in Auckland, July 1992 - June 1994. N Z Med J (1999) 1.55
The effect of calcitriol, paricalcitol, and a calcimimetic on extraosseous calcifications in uremic rats. Kidney Int (2007) 1.53
Protein trans-splicing and cyclization by a naturally split intein from the dnaE gene of Synechocystis species PCC6803. J Biol Chem (2000) 1.53
Japanese encephalitis among hospitalized pediatric and adult patients with acute encephalitis syndrome in Hanoi, Vietnam 1995. Am J Trop Med Hyg (1998) 1.52
Linkage of the 1981 and 1991 U.K. censuses using surface modelling concepts. Environ Plan A (1995) 1.52
Cholera on the Texas Gulf Coast. JAMA (1982) 1.50
Tenm, a Drosophila gene related to tenascin, is a new pair-rule gene. EMBO J (1994) 1.48
A randomized trial of misoprostol and oxytocin for induction of labor: safety and efficacy. Obstet Gynecol (1997) 1.47
Fatal shoulder dystocia: a review of 56 cases reported to the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol (1998) 1.46
Esophageal symptoms, manometry, and histology before and after antireflux surgery: a long-term follow-up study. Gastroenterology (1979) 1.46
Clinical intestinal transplantation: a decade of experience at a single center. Ann Surg (2001) 1.44
Synergistic activation of stress-activated protein kinase 1/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK1/JNK) isoforms by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) and MKK7. Biochem J (2000) 1.44
Serine 727 phosphorylation and activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 by MNK1-related protein kinases. J Biol Chem (2000) 1.43
Molecular cloning of matrix Gla protein: implications for substrate recognition by the vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1987) 1.43
Control of degradation and synthesis of induced tyrosine aminotransferase studied in hepatoma cells in culture. Nature (1969) 1.42
Argon laser trabecular surgery in uncontrolled phakic open angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology (1981) 1.42
A new syndrome: ascites, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypoalbuminemia after biochemical modulation of fluorouracil with N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA) Ann Intern Med (1991) 1.40
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor reverses toxin-induced injury to midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Neurosci Lett (1994) 1.40
Incidence of internal carotid artery dissection in the community of Dijon. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (1994) 1.39
Auditory perception. Br Med J (1973) 1.39
Direct surgery in the treatment of posterior communicating aneurysms. Lancet (1968) 1.39
An update on the careers of dentists undertaking a medical qualification. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1995) 1.38
[Combined pancreas/kidney transplantation as standard procedure in therapy of type I diabetic patients in renal failure]. Chirurg (1996) 1.38
TMA strategy: making sense of Medicaid. Tex Med (1991) 1.38
[Intrathoracic displacement of the transverse colon as a late complication after abdominal knife stab wound. A case report]. Unfallchirurg (2000) 1.38
Interleukin-1 mediates the behavioral hyperalgesia produced by lithium chloride and endotoxin. Brain Res (1993) 1.37
Pharmacokinetics of lamivudine administered alone and with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Clin Pharmacol Ther (1996) 1.37
Evaluation of a health education campaign to reduce the delay in women presenting with breast symptoms. Community Med (1983) 1.37
Crystal structure of the streptococcal superantigen SPE-C: dimerization and zinc binding suggest a novel mode of interaction with MHC class II molecules. Nat Struct Biol (1997) 1.37
An initial investigation of spinal mechanisms underlying pain enhancement induced by fractalkine, a neuronally released chemokine. Eur J Neurosci (2005) 1.36
Influence of exercise and fiber type on antioxidant enzyme activity in rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol (1994) 1.36
Human intestinal Vdelta1+ lymphocytes recognize tumor cells of epithelial origin. J Exp Med (1996) 1.36
Fundamental properties of local anesthetics. II. Measured octanol:buffer partition coefficients and pKa values of clinically used drugs. Anesth Analg (1990) 1.34