Cutting edge: Role of Toll-like receptor 9 in CpG DNA-induced activation of human cells.

PubWeight™: 2.49‹?› | Rank: Top 2%

🔗 View Article (PMID 11564765)

Published in J Immunol on October 01, 2001

Authors

F Takeshita1, C A Leifer, I Gursel, K J Ishii, S Takeshita, M Gursel, D M Klinman

Author Affiliations

1: Section of Retroviral Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Articles citing this

Yellow fever vaccine YF-17D activates multiple dendritic cell subsets via TLR2, 7, 8, and 9 to stimulate polyvalent immunity. J Exp Med (2006) 4.23

Rapid and strong human CD8+ T cell responses to vaccination with peptide, IFA, and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 7909. J Clin Invest (2005) 3.11

IL-1R1/MyD88 signaling and the inflammasome are essential in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice. J Clin Invest (2007) 2.88

TLR9 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum prior to stimulation. J Immunol (2004) 2.68

NF-κB in immunobiology. Cell Res (2011) 2.61

The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathway is essential for human plasmacytoid dendritic cell-induced adaptive T regulatory cell generation. J Immunol (2008) 2.55

Inhibitors of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase for cancer therapy: can we see the wood for the trees? Nat Rev Cancer (2009) 2.26

CpG and double-stranded RNA trigger human NK cells by Toll-like receptors: induction of cytokine release and cytotoxicity against tumors and dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2004) 2.23

CpG DNA as a vaccine adjuvant. Expert Rev Vaccines (2011) 2.17

TLR-based immune adjuvants. Vaccine (2010) 2.10

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induce cyclooxygenase-2 in human B lymphocytes: implications for adjuvant activity and antibody production. Clin Immunol (2007) 1.64

TLR-9 activation of marginal zone B cells in lupus mice regulates immunity through increased IL-10 production. J Clin Immunol (2005) 1.56

DNA containing CpG motifs induces angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2002) 1.55

Involvement of ERK, p38 and NF-kappaB signal transduction in regulation of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 gene expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse dendritic cells. Immunology (2002) 1.53

Human lung cancer cells express functionally active Toll-like receptor 9. Respir Res (2005) 1.49

Mastitis increases mammary mRNA abundance of beta-defensin 5, toll-like-receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4 but not TLR9 in cattle. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol (2004) 1.47

Variants in toll-like receptors 2 and 9 influence susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in Caucasians, African-Americans, and West Africans. Hum Genet (2009) 1.45

Non-human primate models for AIDS vaccine research. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord (2005) 1.40

Surface expression of Toll-like receptor 9 is upregulated on intestinal epithelial cells in response to pathogenic bacterial DNA. Infect Immun (2007) 1.35

Expression of Toll-like receptor 9 and response to bacterial CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in human intestinal epithelium. Clin Exp Immunol (2005) 1.32

Intracerebral administration of CpG oligonucleotide for patients with recurrent glioblastoma: a phase II study. Neuro Oncol (2010) 1.30

Potential role of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, rather than DNA-dependent protein kinase, in CpG DNA-induced immune activation. J Exp Med (2002) 1.30

Activation of toll-like receptor 9 by DNA from different bacterial species. Infect Immun (2006) 1.29

TLR9 traffics through the Golgi complex to localize to endolysosomes and respond to CpG DNA. Immunol Cell Biol (2008) 1.27

Vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding TSA/LmSTI1 leishmanial fusion proteins confers protection against Leishmania major infection in susceptible BALB/c mice. Infect Immun (2002) 1.25

Cytoplasmic targeting motifs control localization of toll-like receptor 9. J Biol Chem (2006) 1.22

Manifold mechanisms of Toll-like receptor-ligand recognition. J Clin Immunol (2005) 1.22

Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA is immunostimulatory in vitro and in vivo. J Virol (2003) 1.20

Use of immunostimulatory sequence-containing oligonucleotides as topical therapy for genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. J Virol (2002) 1.19

Oligodeoxynucleotides lacking CpG dinucleotides mediate Toll-like receptor 9 dependent T helper type 2 biased immune stimulation. Immunology (2004) 1.13

Inductive and suppressive networks regulate TLR9-dependent gene expression in vivo. J Leukoc Biol (2009) 1.12

Plasmid DNA sequences present in conventional herpes simplex virus amplicon vectors cause rapid transgene silencing by forming inactive chromatin. J Virol (2006) 1.10

Structure-dependent immunostimulatory effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and their delivery system. Int J Nanomedicine (2012) 1.09

Toll-like receptor 9 can be expressed at the cell surface of distinct populations of tonsils and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Infect Immun (2004) 1.03

Identification of an Immunomodulating Agent from Mycobacterium leprae. Infect Immun (2005) 1.03

Effect of CpG oligonucleotides on vaccine-induced B cell memory. J Immunol (2008) 1.00

Construction of a large scale integrated map of macrophage pathogen recognition and effector systems. BMC Syst Biol (2010) 0.98

Accelerated wound healing mediated by activation of Toll-like receptor 9. Wound Repair Regen (2010) 0.97

TLR9 is expressed in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and its activation promotes in vitro myofibroblast differentiation. Histochem Cell Biol (2008) 0.96

Inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotides - therapeutic promise for systemic autoimmune diseases? Clin Exp Immunol (2005) 0.95

Short- and long-term changes in gene expression mediated by the activation of TLR9. Mol Immunol (2009) 0.95

Use of toll-like receptor assays to detect and identify microbial contaminants in biological products. J Clin Microbiol (2009) 0.95

Interferon-alpha/beta receptor-mediated selective induction of a gene cluster by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 2006. BMC Immunol (2003) 0.94

Synthetic oligonucleotides as modulators of inflammation. J Leukoc Biol (2008) 0.94

Effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides on the immunogenicity of Pfs25, a Plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking vaccine antigen. Infect Immun (2004) 0.92

Mucosal-associated invariant T-cell activation and accumulation after in vivo infection depends on microbial riboflavin synthesis and co-stimulatory signals. Mucosal Immunol (2016) 0.92

TLR agonists regulate PDGF-B production and cell proliferation through TGF-beta/type I IFN crosstalk. EMBO J (2005) 0.91

Breast milk lactoferrin regulates gene expression by binding bacterial DNA CpG motifs but not genomic DNA promoters in model intestinal cells. Pediatr Res (2006) 0.89

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides improve the survival of pregnant and fetal mice following Listeria monocytogenes infection. Infect Immun (2004) 0.88

Immunostimulatory properties of phosphorothioate CpG DNA containing both 3'-5'- and 2'-5'-internucleotide linkages. Nucleic Acids Res (2002) 0.88

TLR9 deficiency promotes CD73 expression in T cells and diabetes protection in nonobese diabetic mice. J Immunol (2013) 0.87

Immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides: Effect on gene expression and utility as vaccine adjuvants. Vaccine (2010) 0.86

Nuclease-resistant immunostimulatory phosphodiester CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as human Toll-like receptor 9 agonists. BMC Biotechnol (2011) 0.86

Epigenetic diversity of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Nucleic Acids Res (2013) 0.86

Toll-like receptors in urothelial cells--targets for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Urol (2013) 0.85

Binding mode of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides to nanoparticles regulates bifurcated cytokine induction via Toll-like receptor 9. Sci Rep (2012) 0.85

The antimalarial artemisinin synergizes with antibiotics to protect against lethal live Escherichia coli challenge by decreasing proinflammatory cytokine release. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2006) 0.84

TLR2 signaling subpathways regulate TLR9 signaling for the effective induction of IL-12 upon stimulation by heat-killed Brucella abortus. Cell Mol Immunol (2012) 0.84

The acceleration of wound healing in primates by the local administration of immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides. Biomaterials (2011) 0.83

A novel immunodeficiency characterized by the exclusive presence of transitional B cells unresponsive to CpG. Immunology (2007) 0.82

Intranasal prophylaxis with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide can protect against Yersinia pestis infection. Infect Immun (2013) 0.82

Superior protective immunity against murine listeriosis by combined vaccination with CpG DNA and recombinant Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. Infect Immun (2009) 0.79

Flagellin a toll-like receptor 5 agonist as an adjuvant in chicken vaccines. Clin Vaccine Immunol (2014) 0.79

Contribution of nitric oxide to CpG-mediated protection against Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun (2005) 0.79

MUC1-C integrates PD-L1 induction with repression of immune effectors in non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncogene (2017) 0.79

Liposome-encapsulated CpG enhances antitumor activity accompanying the changing of lymphocyte populations in tumor via intratumoral administration. Nucleic Acid Ther (2015) 0.78

Major hepatectomy induces phenotypic changes in circulating dendritic cells and monocytes. J Clin Immunol (2009) 0.78

Innate immune activation by tissue injury and cell death in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Front Immunol (2015) 0.78

Treatment with cationic liposome-DNA complexes (CLDCs) protects mice from lethal Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) challenge. Antiviral Res (2010) 0.78

Deprived TLR9 expression in apparently healthy nasal mucosa might trigger polyp-growth in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. PLoS One (2014) 0.77

A proteomics perspective on viral DNA sensors in host defense and viral immune evasion mechanisms. J Mol Biol (2015) 0.77

Potent induction of IFN-γ production from cord blood NK cells by the stimulation with single-stranded RNA. J Clin Immunol (2011) 0.77

Innate immune responses in lupus-prone Palmerston North mice: differential responses to LPS and bacterial DNA/CpG oligonucleotides. J Clin Immunol (2003) 0.77

Toll-Like Receptor 9 Alternatively Spliced Isoform Negatively Regulates TLR9 Signaling in Teleost Fish. PLoS One (2015) 0.76

Evolution of toll-like receptors in the context of terrestrial ungulates and cetaceans diversification. BMC Evol Biol (2017) 0.75

Oligonucleotides suppress PKB/Akt and act as superinductors of apoptosis in human keratinocytes. Nucleic Acids Res (2009) 0.75

Murine J774 macrophages recognize LPS/IFN-g, non-CpG DNA or two-CpG DNA-containing sequences as immunologically distinct. Nitric Oxide (2010) 0.75

Topical CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Adjuvant Enhances the Adaptive Immune Response against Influenza A Infections. Front Immunol (2016) 0.75

Plasmacytoid dendritic cell response to CpG ODN correlates with CXCL16 expression and is inhibited by ox-LDL. Mediators Inflamm (2013) 0.75

Effects of KLK Peptide on Adjuvanticity of Different ODN Sequences. Vaccines (Basel) (2016) 0.75

CpG oligodeoxynucleotide nanomedicines for the prophylaxis or treatment of cancers, infectious diseases, and allergies. Int J Nanomedicine (2017) 0.75

Traditional biochemical assays for studying toll-like receptor 9. J Immunoassay Immunochem (2013) 0.75

Alternative Splicing of Toll-Like Receptor 9 Transcript in Teleost Fish Grouper Is Regulated by NF-κB Signaling via Phosphorylation of the C-Terminal Domain of the RPB1 Subunit of RNA Polymerase II. PLoS One (2016) 0.75

Nucleofection of expression vectors induces a robust interferon response and inhibition of cell proliferation. DNA Cell Biol (2013) 0.75

Preoperative Toll-like receptor expression in monocytes is associated with host immunological responses following gastrointestinal surgery. World J Surg (2011) 0.75

Articles by these authors

CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation. Nature (1995) 12.24

TNF-alpha induces osteoclastogenesis by direct stimulation of macrophages exposed to permissive levels of RANK ligand. J Clin Invest (2000) 5.78

Identification and characterization of a novel protein, periostin, with restricted expression to periosteum and periodontal ligament and increased expression by transforming growth factor beta. J Bone Miner Res (1999) 4.68

DNA vaccines: immunology, application, and optimization*. Annu Rev Immunol (2000) 4.51

Varicella vaccination: evidence for frequent reactivation of the vaccine strain in healthy children. Nat Med (2000) 3.07

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces differentiation of and bone resorption by osteoclasts. J Biol Chem (2000) 2.80

Direct intramuscular gene transfer of naked DNA encoding vascular endothelial growth factor augments collateral development and tissue perfusion. Circulation (1996) 2.79

Systemic autoimmune disease arises from polyclonal B cell activation. J Exp Med (1987) 2.71

Human peripheral blood cells differentially recognize and respond to two distinct CPG motifs. J Immunol (2001) 2.61

A new murine model of accelerated senescence. Mech Ageing Dev (1981) 2.40

Bacterial DNA containing CpG motifs stimulates lymphocyte-dependent protection of mice against lethal infection with intracellular bacteria. J Immunol (1999) 2.23

Genomic DNA released by dying cells induces the maturation of APCs. J Immunol (2001) 2.03

Synergistic effect of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor on angiogenesis in vivo. Circulation (1995) 1.92

Human immunodeficiency virus infection induces both polyclonal and virus-specific B cell activation. J Clin Invest (1992) 1.84

Interferon (IFN) consensus sequence-binding protein, a transcription factor of the IFN regulatory factor family, regulates immune responses in vivo through control of interleukin 12 expression. J Exp Med (1997) 1.73

Molecular cloning and characterization of OB-cadherin, a new member of cadherin family expressed in osteoblasts. J Biol Chem (1994) 1.70

Long term prevention of allergic lung inflammation in a mouse model of asthma by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. J Immunol (1999) 1.58

Distinct patterns of cytokine secretion characterize new onset synovitis versus chronic rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol (1998) 1.55

A plasmid encoding murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases protection conferred by a malaria DNA vaccine. J Immunol (1998) 1.54

Recovery of disturbed endothelium-dependent flow in the collateral-perfused rabbit ischemic hindlimb after administration of vascular endothelial growth factor. Circulation (1995) 1.51

Brain metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma. Case report and review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev (1999) 1.51

Activation of target-tissue immune-recognition molecules by double-stranded polynucleotides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1999) 1.48

Rapid immune activation by CpG motifs in bacterial DNA. Systemic induction of IL-6 transcription through an antioxidant-sensitive pathway. J Immunol (1996) 1.46

Studies of consomic mice bearing the Y chromosome of the BXSB mouse. J Immunol (1985) 1.44

Efficacy of a new hemostatic device, Adapty , after transradial coronary angiography and intervention. J Invasive Cardiol (2000) 1.38

Grading score system: a method for evaluation of the degree of senescence in senescence accelerated mouse (SAM). Mech Ageing Dev (1984) 1.36

Sterically stabilized cationic liposomes improve the uptake and immunostimulatory activity of CpG oligonucleotides. J Immunol (2001) 1.33

Simulation of intracellular Ca2+ oscillation in a sympathetic neurone. J Theor Biol (1981) 1.30

Anti-oxidative properties of fluvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, contribute to prevention of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Atherosclerosis (2001) 1.28

Autoimmunity and increased c-myb transcription. Science (1984) 1.27

Complexity of the cytokine and antibody response elicited by immunizing mice with Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein plasmid DNA. J Immunol (1995) 1.24

Therapeutic angiogenesis induced by human recombinant hepatocyte growth factor in rabbit hind limb ischemia model as cytokine supplement therapy. Hypertension (1999) 1.23

Physiological assessment of augmented vascularity induced by VEGF in ischemic rabbit hindlimb. Am J Physiol (1994) 1.22

Anatomic variations of the radial artery in patients undergoing transradial coronary intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv (2000) 1.21

Microbial products induce autoimmune disease by an IL-12-dependent pathway. J Immunol (1997) 1.21

Protection against anthrax toxin by vaccination with a DNA plasmid encoding anthrax protective antigen. Vaccine (1999) 1.20

Expression of NADH/NADPH oxidase p22phox in human coronary arteries. Circulation (1999) 1.20

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and interleukin-12 improve the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination in mice challenged with M. tuberculosis. Infect Immun (2000) 1.19

Proliferation of anti-DNA-producing NZB B cells in a non-autoimmune environment. J Immunol (1986) 1.17

Targeted disruption of cadherin-11 leads to a reduction in bone density in calvaria and long bone metaphyses. J Bone Miner Res (2001) 1.16

Oncogene expression in autoimmune and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Exp Med (1986) 1.15

Systemic senile amyloid in senescence-accelerated mice. A unique fibril protein demonstrated in tissues from various organs by the unlabeled immunoperoxidase method. Lab Invest (1983) 1.14

The transition of cadherin expression in osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal cells: consistent expression of cadherin-11 in osteoblast lineage. J Bone Miner Res (2001) 1.13

Spontaneous age-associated amyloidosis in senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM). Mech Ageing Dev (1982) 1.13

Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens from Brazil. Vet Parasitol (2008) 1.12

Structural features in heparin that interact with VEGF165 and modulate its biological activity. Glycobiology (1999) 1.09

Simultaneous induction of multiple antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in nonhuman primates by immunization with a mixture of four Plasmodium falciparum DNA plasmids. Infect Immun (1998) 1.09

Induction of neonatal tolerance by plasmid DNA vaccination of mice. J Clin Invest (1996) 1.08

Cataract and other ophthalmic lesions in senescence accelerated mouse (SAM). Morphology and incidence of senescence associated ophthalmic changes in mice. Exp Eye Res (1984) 1.08

Site-specific therapeutic angiogenesis after systemic administration of vascular endothelial growth factor. J Vasc Surg (1995) 1.08

Efficacy, immunogenicity, safety, and use of live attenuated chickenpox vaccine. J Pediatr (1995) 1.08

Sequence analysis and expression of an X-linked, lymphocyte-regulated gene family (XLR). J Exp Med (1987) 1.07

Isolation and characterization of senile amyloid--related antigenic substance (SASSAM) from mouse serum. Apo SASSAM is a low molecular weight apoprotein of high density lipoprotein. J Exp Med (1983) 1.07

Lysophosphatidylcholine increases the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 2 through the activation of NADH/NADPH oxidase in cultured aortic endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis (2001) 1.06

Sex hormone levels correlate with the activity of cytokine-secreting cells in vivo. Immunology (2000) 1.06

NIH conference. Systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Intern Med (1991) 1.06

Inhibitory effect of serine protease inhibitors on neutrophil-mediated endothelial cell injury. J Leukoc Biol (2001) 1.06

Immune recognition of foreign DNA: a cure for bioterrorism? Immunity (1999) 1.05

Theoretical and experimental approaches to generalized autoimmunity. Immunol Rev (1990) 1.03

Plasmid DNA encoding transforming growth factor-beta1 suppresses chronic disease in a streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis model. J Clin Invest (1998) 1.03

Heterogeneous expression and coordinate regulation of endogenous retroviral sequences in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses (1992) 1.02

Purification and characterization of a senile amyloid-related antigenic substance (apoSASSAM) from mouse serum. apoSASSAM is an apoA-II apolipoprotein of mouse high density lipoproteins. J Biol Chem (1986) 1.02

Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am (1988) 1.02

Hepatitis B virus, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study in Fukuoka, Japan. Int J Cancer (1992) 1.02

CpG motifs of DNA vaccines induce the expression of chemokines and MHC class II molecules on myocytes. Eur J Immunol (2001) 1.01

Nosocomial meningitis due to Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus in a neonatal intensive care unit. Eur J Pediatr (1988) 1.00

Functional association of CD9 with the Fc gamma receptors in macrophages. J Immunol (2001) 1.00

Bone marrow and thymus expression of interferon-gamma results in severe B-cell lineage reduction, T-cell lineage alterations, and hematopoietic progenitor deficiencies. Blood (1997) 1.00

Anomalous cadherin expression in osteosarcoma. Possible relationships to metastasis and morphogenesis. Am J Pathol (1999) 1.00

Activation of mouse liver natural killer cells and NK1.1(+) T cells by bacterial superantigen-primed Kupffer cells. Hepatology (1999) 1.00

Survival in synovial sarcoma. A multivariate study of prognostic factors with special emphasis on the comparison between early death and long-term survival. Am J Surg Pathol (1993) 0.99

Tetrahedral magnetic order and the metal-insulator transition in the pyrochlore lattice of Cd2Os2O7. Phys Rev Lett (2012) 0.99

Circulating endothelial cells in Kawasaki disease. Clin Exp Immunol (2003) 0.99

Percutaneous arterial gene transfer in a rabbit model. Efficiency in normal and balloon-dilated atherosclerotic arteries. J Clin Invest (1992) 0.99

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induce murine macrophages to up-regulate chemokine mRNA expression. Cell Immunol (2000) 0.99

Various factors associated with the manifestation of influenza-like illness. Int J Epidemiol (1992) 0.98

IgE receptor-positive non-B/non-T cells dominate the production of interleukin 4 and interleukin 6 in immunized mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1995) 0.98

Individual cells simultaneously produce both IL-4 and IL-6 in vivo. Cytokine (1994) 0.98

A suppressive oligodeoxynucleotide inhibits ocular inflammation. Clin Exp Immunol (2009) 0.98

Structure of extrachromosomal circular DNAs excised from T-cell antigen receptor alpha and delta-chain loci. J Mol Biol (1988) 0.97

Arterial gene transfer for therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with peripheral artery disease. Hum Gene Ther (1996) 0.97

Isolation of mouse and human cDNA clones encoding a protein expressed specifically in osteoblasts and brain tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1990) 0.97

Disassociation of sex hormone levels and cytokine production in SLE patients. Lupus (2001) 0.96

Participation of a dominant cytotoxic T cell population defined by a monoclonal antibody in syngeneic anti-tumor responses. Eur J Immunol (1990) 0.96

Excision products of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. Immunol Lett (1989) 0.96

Multivalent cross-linking of membrane Ig sensitizes murine B cells to a broader spectrum of CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide motifs, including their methylated counterparts, for stimulation of proliferation and Ig secretion. Int Immunol (1999) 0.96

Toward clinical trials of DNA vaccines against malaria. Immunol Cell Biol (1997) 0.95

Do DNA vaccines induce autoimmune disease? Hum Gene Ther (1997) 0.95

Autoantibody production is associated with polyclonal B cell activation in autoimmune mice which express the lpr or gld genes. Eur J Immunol (1988) 0.95

The interaction of the xid and me genes. J Immunol (1987) 0.95

Response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from lupus patients to stimulation by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Rheumatology (Oxford) (2003) 0.95