Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: what next?

PubWeight™: 3.84‹?› | Rank: Top 1%

🔗 View Article (PMID 11756042)

Published in Trends Parasitol on December 01, 2001

Authors

C H Sibley1, J E Hyde, P F Sims, C V Plowe, J G Kublin, E K Mberu, A F Cowman, P A Winstanley, W M Watkins, A M Nzila

Author Affiliations

1: Department of Genetics, Box 357360, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7360, USA. sibley@genetics.washington.edu

Articles citing this

History, dynamics, and public health importance of malaria parasite resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev (2004) 3.40

Molecular determination of point mutation haplotypes in the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase of Plasmodium falciparum in three districts of northern Tanzania. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2003) 2.57

Stepwise acquisition of pyrimethamine resistance in the malaria parasite. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2009) 2.57

Therapeutic efficacies of artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and chloroquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in vivax malaria pilot studies: relationship to Plasmodium vivax dhfr mutations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2002) 2.52

Chloroquine resistance before and after its withdrawal in Kenya. Malar J (2009) 1.88

Anti-folate drug resistance in Africa: meta-analysis of reported dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) mutant genotype frequencies in African Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations. Malar J (2010) 1.77

Potential impact of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) on spread of drug-resistant malaria. PLoS Med (2006) 1.72

Protective efficacy of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis against malaria in HIV exposed children in rural Uganda: a randomised clinical trial. BMJ (2011) 1.62

Drug-resistant malaria - an insight. FEBS J (2007) 1.54

Assessment of azithromycin in combination with other antimalarial drugs against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2002) 1.53

Pyrimethamine and WR99210 exert opposing selection on dihydrofolate reductase from Plasmodium vivax. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2002) 1.39

Effect of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole on the risk of malaria in HIV-infected Ugandan children living in an area of widespread antifolate resistance. Malar J (2010) 1.34

Hitchhiking and selective sweeps of Plasmodium falciparum sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine resistance alleles in a population from central Africa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2008) 1.34

Characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum dhfr haplotypes that confer pyrimethamine resistance, Kilifi, Kenya, 1987--2006. J Infect Dis (2008) 1.32

Environmental, pharmacological and genetic influences on the spread of drug-resistant malaria. Proc Biol Sci (2010) 1.31

Plasmodium falciparum mutant haplotype infection during pregnancy associated with reduced birthweight, Tanzania. Emerg Infect Dis (2013) 1.26

Combination of drug level measurement and parasite genotyping data for improved assessment of amodiaquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine efficacies in treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gabonese children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2003) 1.24

Novel Plasmodium vivax dhfr alleles from the Indonesian Archipelago and Papua New Guinea: association with pyrimethamine resistance determined by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2005) 1.24

MalHaploFreq: a computer programme for estimating malaria haplotype frequencies from blood samples. Malar J (2008) 1.23

Exploring the folate pathway in Plasmodium falciparum. Acta Trop (2005) 1.20

Molecular correlates of high-level antifolate resistance in Rwandan children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2009) 1.17

Drug susceptibility and genetic evaluation of Plasmodium falciparum isolates obtained in four distinct geographical regions of Kenya. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2004) 1.15

Mutations in the antifolate-resistance-associated genes dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase in Plasmodium vivax isolates from malaria-endemic countries. Am J Trop Med Hyg (2010) 1.14

Targeting purine and pyrimidine metabolism in human apicomplexan parasites. Curr Drug Targets (2007) 1.14

Decreasing efficacy of antimalarial combination therapy in Uganda is explained by decreasing host immunity rather than increasing drug resistance. J Infect Dis (2009) 1.14

A comparison of methods to detect and quantify the markers of antimalarial drug resistance. Am J Trop Med Hyg (2010) 1.11

Comparative folate metabolism in humans and malaria parasites (part I): pointers for malaria treatment from cancer chemotherapy. Trends Parasitol (2005) 1.11

Spatiotemporal mathematical modelling of mutations of the dhps gene in African Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J (2013) 1.11

Antimalarial drug sensitivity profile of western Kenya Plasmodium falciparum field isolates determined by a SYBR Green I in vitro assay and molecular analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg (2011) 1.10

Defining the origin of Plasmodium falciparum resistant dhfr isolates in Senegal. Acta Trop (2006) 1.10

Probability of emergence of antimalarial resistance in different stages of the parasite life cycle. Evol Appl (2009) 1.09

Prevalence of drug resistance-associated gene mutations in Plasmodium vivax in Central China. Korean J Parasitol (2012) 1.08

Fitness trade-offs in the evolution of dihydrofolate reductase and drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS One (2011) 1.08

In vitro antimalarial drug susceptibility in Thai border areas from 1998-2003. Malar J (2005) 1.07

Multiple origins of resistance-conferring mutations in Plasmodium vivax dihydrofolate reductase. Malar J (2008) 1.07

Prevalence of molecular markers of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance in Dakar, Senegal. Malar J (2012) 1.06

Evolution of resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2004) 1.05

Recent advances in malaria drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2013) 1.04

Declining efficacy of artesunate plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in northeastern India. Malar J (2014) 1.02

The evolutionary landscape of antifolate resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. J Genet (2011) 1.01

Pyrimethamine-resistant dihydrofolate reductase enzymes of Plasmodium falciparum are not enzymatically compromised in vitro. Mol Biochem Parasitol (2007) 1.01

Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2002) 1.01

Prevalence of the molecular marker of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine in Benin seven years after the change of malaria treatment policy. Malar J (2013) 1.01

Culture-adapted Plasmodium falciparum isolates from UK travellers: in vitro drug sensitivity, clonality and drug resistance markers. Malar J (2013) 1.00

Direct evidence for the adaptive role of copy number variation on antifolate susceptibility in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Microbiol (2013) 0.99

Evidence of selective sweeps in genes conferring resistance to chloroquine and pyrimethamine in Plasmodium falciparum isolates in India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2009) 0.97

Development of a TaqMan Allelic Discrimination assay for detection of single nucleotides polymorphisms associated with anti-malarial drug resistance. Malar J (2012) 0.96

Plasmodium falciparum susceptibility to anti-malarial drugs in Dakar, Senegal, in 2010: an ex vivo and drug resistance molecular markers study. Malar J (2013) 0.96

Chemosensitization of Plasmodium falciparum by probenecid in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2003) 0.94

Resistance to antimalarial drugs: molecular, pharmacologic, and clinical considerations. Pediatr Res (2009) 0.94

Molecular surveillance of the antifolate-resistant mutation I164L in imported African isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in Europe: sentinel data from TropNetEurop. Malar J (2003) 0.92

Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihyropteroate synthase mutations and the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg (2010) 0.91

Plasmodium falciparum resistance to anti-malarial drugs in Papua New Guinea: evaluation of a community-based approach for the molecular monitoring of resistance. Malar J (2010) 0.91

A reliable morphological method to assess the age of male Anopheles gambiae. Malar J (2006) 0.90

Frequency distribution of antimalarial drug resistance alleles among Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Gezira State, central Sudan, and Gedarif State, eastern Sudan. Am J Trop Med Hyg (2010) 0.89

Plasmodium falciparum sulfadoxine resistance is geographically and genetically clustered within the DR Congo. Sci Rep (2013) 0.89

Differentiating Plasmodium falciparum alleles by transforming Cartesian X,Y data to polar coordinates. BMC Genet (2010) 0.87

Accessible mutational trajectories for the evolution of pyrimethamine resistance in the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax. J Mol Evol (2013) 0.86

Different allele prevalence in the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes in Plasmodium vivax populations from China. Am J Trop Med Hyg (2010) 0.86

Functional expression of parasite drug targets and their human orthologs in yeast. PLoS Negl Trop Dis (2011) 0.85

Preclinical evaluation of the antifolate QN254, 5-chloro- N'6'-(2,5-dimethoxy-benzyl)-quinazoline-2,4,6-triamine, as an antimalarial drug candidate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2010) 0.85

In vitro activities of 2,4-diaminoquinazoline and 2,4-diaminopteridine derivatives against Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2004) 0.84

Active case detection, treatment of falciparum malaria with combined chloroquine and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine and vivax malaria with chloroquine and molecular markers of anti-malarial resistance in the Republic of Vanuatu. Malar J (2010) 0.84

Monitoring of malaria parasite resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in the Solomon Islands by DNA microarray technology. Malar J (2010) 0.84

Monitoring antimalarial drug resistance: Applying lessons learned from the past in a fast-moving present. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist (2012) 0.83

Mefloquine versus quinine plus sulphalene-pyrimethamine (metakelfin) for treatment of uncomplicated imported falciparum malaria acquired in Africa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2005) 0.83

2,4-diaminopteridine-based compounds as precursors for de novo synthesis of antifolates: a novel class of antimalarials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2005) 0.82

Molecular monitoring of the Leu-164 mutation of dihydrofolate reductase in a highly sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine-resistant area in Africa. Malar J (2003) 0.82

Roll back of Plasmodium falciparum antifolate resistance by insecticide-treated nets. Am J Trop Med Hyg (2003) 0.82

Distribution of drug resistance genotypes in Plasmodium falciparum in an area of limited parasite diversity in Saudi Arabia. Am J Trop Med Hyg (2012) 0.82

Anti-folate combination therapies and their effect on the development of drug resistance in Plasmodium vivax. Sci Rep (2013) 0.82

Genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum pyrimethamine resistance by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2004) 0.81

New insight-guided approaches to detect, cure, prevent and eliminate malaria. Protoplasma (2014) 0.81

Real-time PCR/MCA assay using fluorescence resonance energy transfer for the genotyping of resistance related DHPS-540 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J (2008) 0.80

Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum must be delayed in Africa. Trends Parasitol (2002) 0.80

Two novel mutations of pfdhps K540T and I588F, affecting sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine-resistant response in uncomplicated falciparum malaria at Banjar district, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Malar J (2014) 0.80

Plasmodium falciparum infection dynamics and transmission potential following treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. J Antimicrob Chemother (2006) 0.80

Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax genotypes and efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment in Papua New Guinea. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2014) 0.80

Pharmacological considerations in the design of anti-malarial drug combination therapies - is matching half-lives enough? Malar J (2014) 0.80

Significant geographical differences in prevalence of mutations associated with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax drug resistance in two regions from Papua New Guinea. Malar J (2015) 0.79

Distinctive origin and spread route of pyrimethamine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in southern China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2013) 0.79

Distribution of Plasmodium vivax pvdhfr and pvdhps alleles and their association with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment outcomes in Indonesia. Malar J (2015) 0.79

Geographic distribution of amino acid mutations in DHFR and DHPS in Plasmodium vivax isolates from Lao PDR, India and Colombia. Malar J (2016) 0.79

Clinically Available Medicines Demonstrating Anti-Toxoplasma Activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2015) 0.79

Prevalence of the dhfr and dhps Mutations among Pregnant Women in Rural Burkina Faso Five Years after the Introduction of Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine. PLoS One (2015) 0.78

Serine Proteases of Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum: Potential as Antimalarial Drug Targets. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis (2014) 0.78

Parasitologic Assessment of Two-Dose and Monthly Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria during Pregnancy with Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTP-SP) in Lagos, Nigeria. Malar Res Treat (2011) 0.77

Prevalence of anti-malarial resistance genes in Dakar, Senegal from 2013 to 2014. Malar J (2016) 0.76

Frequencies distribution of dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase mutant alleles associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum population from Hadhramout Governorate, Yemen. Malar J (2015) 0.75

Genetic mutations in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) in Vanuatu and Solomon Islands prior to the introduction of artemisinin combination therapy. Malar J (2014) 0.75

Bioeconomic analysis of child-targeted subsidies for artemisinin combination therapies: a cost-effectiveness analysis. J R Soc Interface (2015) 0.75

Genetic analysis in mice identifies cysteamine as a novel partner for artemisinin in the treatment of malaria. Mamm Genome (2011) 0.75

Articles by these authors

Averting a malaria disaster. Lancet (1999) 9.40

A molecular marker for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med (2001) 9.18

Pgh1 modulates sensitivity and resistance to multiple antimalarials in Plasmodium falciparum. Nature (2000) 8.46

Childhood deaths in Africa: uses and limitations of verbal autopsies. Lancet (1992) 6.14

Live attenuated malaria vaccine designed to protect through hepatic CD8⁺ T cell immunity. Science (2011) 4.72

Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase and epidemiologic patterns of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine use and resistance. J Infect Dis (1997) 4.66

Several alleles of the multidrug-resistance gene are closely linked to chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Nature (1990) 4.61

Chloroquine-resistant malaria. J Infect Dis (2001) 4.58

Comparison of chlorproguanil-dapsone with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in young African children: double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet (2004) 4.47

Changing home treatment of childhood fevers by training shop keepers in rural Kenya. Trop Med Int Health (1999) 4.43

Nuclear-encoded proteins target to the plastid in Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1998) 4.28

Direct immunoassay for detecting Escherichia coli colonies that contain polypeptides encoded by cloned DNA segments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1981) 4.23

Life-threatening bacteraemia in HIV-1 seropositive adults admitted to hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Lancet (1990) 4.17

Isolation and structure of a rhodopsin gene from D. melanogaster. Cell (1985) 3.90

Amplification of the multidrug resistance gene in some chloroquine-resistant isolates of P. falciparum. Cell (1989) 3.71

Apical membrane antigen 1 plays a central role in erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium species. Mol Microbiol (2000) 3.70

Mutations in dihydropteroate synthase are responsible for sulfone and sulfonamide resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1997) 3.61

Protein trafficking to the plastid of Plasmodium falciparum is via the secretory pathway. EMBO J (2000) 3.49

Expression of Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage antigens in Escherichia coli: detection with antibodies from immune humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1983) 3.46

Targeted gene disruption shows that knobs enable malaria-infected red cells to cytoadhere under physiological shear stress. Cell (1997) 3.35

Sequence variation of the hydroxymethyldihydropterin pyrophosphokinase: dihydropteroate synthase gene in lines of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, with differing resistance to sulfadoxine. Eur J Biochem (1994) 3.34

Plasmodium falciparum cross-resistance between trimethoprim and pyrimethamine. Lancet (2001) 3.30

Amino acids in the dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene of Plasmodium falciparum involved in cycloguanil resistance differ from those involved in pyrimethamine resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1990) 3.24

Periodicity and space-time clustering of severe childhood malaria on the coast of Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg (1993) 3.16

Blood-group substances. Science (1966) 3.12

Immune sera recognize on erythrocytes Plasmodium falciparum antigen composed of repeated amino acid sequences. Nature (1984) 3.04

The genome of the simian and human malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi. Nature (2008) 3.02

Allelic exchange at the endogenous genomic locus in Plasmodium falciparum proves the role of dihydropteroate synthase in sulfadoxine-resistant malaria. EMBO J (1998) 2.94

Sulfadoxine resistance in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is determined by mutations in dihydropteroate synthetase and an additional factor associated with folate utilization. Mol Microbiol (1997) 2.88

Serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-12(p70) in Malian children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and matched uncomplicated malaria or healthy controls. Infect Immun (2004) 2.84

Primary structure and expression of the dihydropteroate synthetase gene of Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1994) 2.82

Isolate-specific S-antigen of Plasmodium falciparum contains a repeated sequence of eleven amino acids. Nature (1984) 2.80

Antibodies against merozoite surface protein (MSP)-1(19) are a major component of the invasion-inhibitory response in individuals immune to malaria. J Exp Med (2001) 2.80

Resistance to antifolates in Plasmodium falciparum monitored by sequence analysis of dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase alleles in a large number of field samples of diverse origins. Mol Biochem Parasitol (1997) 2.77

Conserved sequences flank variable tandem repeats in two S-antigen genes of Plasmodium falciparum. Cell (1985) 2.77

Targeted disruption of an erythrocyte binding antigen in Plasmodium falciparum is associated with a switch toward a sialic acid-independent pathway of invasion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2000) 2.76

Characterization of promoters and stable transfection by homologous and nonhomologous recombination in Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1996) 2.75

Major surface antigen gene of a human malaria parasite cloned and expressed in bacteria. Nature (1984) 2.74

Towards an understanding of the mechanism of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: genotyping of dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase of Kenyan parasites. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2000) 2.68

Intracranial pressure in African children with cerebral malaria. Lancet (1991) 2.67

Stable transgene expression in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biochem Parasitol (1997) 2.44

The establishment of genomic DNA libraries for the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and identification of individual clones by hybridisation. Mol Biochem Parasitol (1982) 2.28

Molecular assays for surveillance of antifolate-resistant malaria. Lancet (1998) 2.26

Genetic and biochemical aspects of human blood-group A-, B-, H-, Le-a- and Le-b-specificity. Br Med Bull (1969) 2.20

The adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to chondroitin sulfate A is mediated by P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1999) 2.20

Genetic diversity and malaria vaccine design, testing and efficacy: preventing and overcoming 'vaccine resistant malaria'. Parasite Immunol (2009) 2.17

Trafficking and assembly of the cytoadherence complex in Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes. EMBO J (2001) 2.17

Functional conservation of the malaria vaccine antigen MSP-119across distantly related Plasmodium species. Nat Med (2000) 2.15

Naturally acquired antibodies to sporozoites do not prevent malaria: vaccine development implications. Science (1987) 2.11

Hemoglobin C associated with protection from severe malaria in the Dogon of Mali, a West African population with a low prevalence of hemoglobin S. Blood (2000) 2.10

Selection for high-level chloroquine resistance results in deamplification of the pfmdr1 gene and increased sensitivity to mefloquine in Plasmodium falciparum. EMBO J (1992) 2.09

Biochemistry and Genetics of the ABO, Lewis, and P blood group systems. Adv Hum Genet (1980) 2.08

Malarone-donation programme in Africa. Lancet (1997) 2.07

The efficacy of antifolate antimalarial combinations in Africa: a predictive model based on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic analyses. Parasitol Today (1997) 2.07

Molecular evidence of greater selective pressure for drug resistance exerted by the long-acting antifolate Pyrimethamine/Sulfadoxine compared with the shorter-acting chlorproguanil/dapsone on Kenyan Plasmodium falciparum. J Infect Dis (2000) 2.06

Severe anaemia in children living in a malaria endemic area of Kenya. Trop Med Int Health (1997) 2.05

Photographic and angiographic characterization of the retina of Kenyan children with severe malaria. Arch Ophthalmol (1997) 2.04

Synergistic antimalarial activity of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Am J Trop Med Hyg (1984) 1.99

An alpha-d-galactosyltransferase associated with the blood-group B character. Biochem J (1968) 1.95

A preliminary pharmacokinetic study of the antimalarial drugs, proguanil and chlorproguanil. J Pharm Pharmacol (1987) 1.95

A novel ligand from Plasmodium falciparum that binds to a sialic acid-containing receptor on the surface of human erythrocytes. Mol Microbiol (2001) 1.93

Differentiation between African populations is evidenced by the diversity of alleles and haplotypes of HLA class I loci. Tissue Antigens (2004) 1.86

Amplification of the multidrug resistance gene pfmdr1 in Plasmodium falciparum has arisen as multiple independent events. Mol Cell Biol (1991) 1.85

Application of a molecular marker for surveillance of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. Lancet (2001) 1.85

The mode of action and the mechanism of resistance to antimalarial drugs. Acta Trop (1994) 1.85

Point mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase genes and in vitro susceptibility to pyrimethamine and cycloguanil of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Papua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg (1996) 1.84

Differential subcompartmentation of terminal glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus of intestinal absorptive and goblet cells. J Biol Chem (1986) 1.72

Inter-subject variability in the metabolism of proguanil to the active metabolite cycloguanil in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol (1989) 1.71

Intracranial hypertension in Africans with cerebral malaria. Arch Dis Child (1997) 1.71

Characterisation of the dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthetase gene from human malaria parasites highly resistant to pyrimethamine. Gene (1989) 1.70

Polymorphism of the precursor for the major surface antigens of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites: studies at the genetic level. EMBO J (1985) 1.69

P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase mutations: epidemiology and role in clinical resistance to antifolates. Drug Resist Updat (1998) 1.68

Identification of proteins from Plasmodium falciparum that are homologous to reticulocyte binding proteins in Plasmodium vivax. Infect Immun (2001) 1.66

Coma scales for children with severe falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg (1997) 1.63

Effectiveness of amodiaquine as treatment for chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum infections in Kenya. Lancet (1984) 1.61

Genomic distribution and functional characterisation of two distinct and conserved Plasmodium falciparum var gene 5' flanking sequences. Mol Biochem Parasitol (2000) 1.58

Genetic diversity in Plasmodium falciparum. Adv Parasitol (1990) 1.58

Expression of the RESA gene in Plasmodium falciparum isolate FCR3 is prevented by a subtelomeric deletion. Mol Cell Biol (1989) 1.57

Targeted mutagenesis of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 3 (PfEMP3) disrupts cytoadherence of malaria-infected red blood cells. EMBO J (2000) 1.57

Pharmacologic advances in the global control and treatment of malaria: combination therapy and resistance. Clin Pharmacol Ther (2007) 1.55

Clinical indicators of mycobacteraemia in adults admitted to hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis (2002) 1.55

The disposition of oral and intramuscular pyrimethamine/sulphadoxine in Kenyan children with high parasitaemia but clinically non-severe falciparum malaria. Br J Clin Pharmacol (1992) 1.53