Published in PLoS One on May 19, 2011
A pilot study of rapid benchtop sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile for outbreak detection and surveillance. BMJ Open (2012) 3.93
Relationship between bacterial strain type, host biomarkers, and mortality in Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis (2013) 3.15
Microevolutionary analysis of Clostridium difficile genomes to investigate transmission. Genome Biol (2012) 2.04
Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection: an ongoing conundrum for clinicians and for clinical laboratories. Clin Microbiol Rev (2013) 1.85
Clostridium difficile mixed infection and reinfection. J Clin Microbiol (2011) 1.59
Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in Asia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control (2013) 1.59
Use of multilocus variable number of tandem repeats analysis genotyping to determine the role of asymptomatic carriers in Clostridium difficile transmission. Clin Infect Dis (2013) 1.58
Predictors of first recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection: implications for initial management. Clin Infect Dis (2012) 1.51
Macro and micro diversity of Clostridium difficile isolates from diverse sources and geographical locations. PLoS One (2012) 1.40
Clostridium difficile infection: toxins and non-toxin virulence factors, and their contributions to disease establishment and host response. Gut Microbes (2012) 1.33
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification compared to real-time PCR and enzyme immunoassay for toxigenic Clostridium difficile detection. J Clin Microbiol (2011) 1.33
Association of relapse of Clostridium difficile disease with BI/NAP1/027. J Clin Microbiol (2012) 1.27
Reconsidering the sporulation characteristics of hypervirulent Clostridium difficile BI/NAP1/027. PLoS One (2011) 1.24
Recombinational switching of the Clostridium difficile S-layer and a novel glycosylation gene cluster revealed by large-scale whole-genome sequencing. J Infect Dis (2012) 1.21
Evolutionary history of the Clostridium difficile pathogenicity locus. Genome Biol Evol (2014) 1.16
Cross-sectional study reveals high prevalence of Clostridium difficile non-PCR ribotype 078 strains in Australian veal calves at slaughter. Appl Environ Microbiol (2013) 1.15
Horizontal gene transfer converts non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile strains into toxin producers. Nat Commun (2013) 1.08
Automated detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in clinical samples: isothermal tcdB amplification coupled to array-based detection. J Clin Microbiol (2012) 1.00
Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile PCR-ribotypes exhibit resistance to widely used disinfectants. PLoS One (2011) 0.99
Spo0A differentially regulates toxin production in evolutionarily diverse strains of Clostridium difficile. PLoS One (2013) 0.99
Multiplex PCR method for detection of Clostridium difficile tcdA, tcdB, cdtA, and cdtB and internal in-frame deletion of tcdC. J Clin Microbiol (2011) 0.96
Diversity and Evolution in the Genome of Clostridium difficile. Clin Microbiol Rev (2015) 0.94
Prevalence of Clostridium difficile in uncooked ground meat products from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Appl Environ Microbiol (2012) 0.90
Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile strains in children compared with that of strains circulating in adults with Clostridium difficile-associated infection. J Clin Microbiol (2011) 0.89
Clostridium difficile: New Insights into the Evolution of the Pathogenicity Locus. Sci Rep (2015) 0.88
Genetically diverse Clostridium difficile strains harboring abundant prophages in an estuarine environment. Appl Environ Microbiol (2013) 0.88
An Update on Clostridium difficile Toxinotyping. J Clin Microbiol (2015) 0.87
CdtR Regulates TcdA and TcdB Production in Clostridium difficile. PLoS Pathog (2016) 0.87
A multiplex, internally controlled real-time PCR assay for detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile and identification of hypervirulent strain 027/ST-1. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis (2011) 0.87
Characterizations of clinical isolates of clostridium difficile by toxin genotypes and by susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents, including fidaxomicin (OPT-80) and rifaximin: a multicenter study in Taiwan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2012) 0.86
Emergence of an outbreak-associated Clostridium difficile variant with increased virulence. J Clin Microbiol (2015) 0.85
Short-term genome stability of serial Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 isolates in an experimental gut model and recurrent human disease. PLoS One (2013) 0.84
Analysis of a Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 100 kilobase island reveals the presence of a novel transposon, Tn6164. BMC Microbiol (2012) 0.81
The complexity and diversity of the Pathogenicity Locus in Clostridium difficile clade 5. Genome Biol Evol (2014) 0.81
Comparative molecular analyses of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strains B31 and N40D10/E9 and determination of their pathogenicity. BMC Microbiol (2012) 0.79
Clostridium difficile has a single sortase, SrtB, that can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors. BMC Microbiol (2014) 0.79
Surveillance of infection severity: a registry study of laboratory diagnosed Clostridium difficile. PLoS Med (2012) 0.78
A Catalytic DNA Activated by a Specific Strain of Bacterial Pathogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl (2015) 0.78
Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation. J Biol Chem (2016) 0.77
Metronidazole-triazole conjugates: activity against Clostridium difficile and parasites. Eur J Med Chem (2015) 0.77
Advances in the Microbiome: Applications to Clostridium difficile Infection. J Clin Med (2016) 0.75
Host immunity to Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 017 strains. Infect Immun (2014) 0.75
DNA-Microarray-based Genotyping of Clostridium difficile. BMC Microbiol (2015) 0.75
More than 50% of Clostridium difficile Isolates from Pet Dogs in Flagstaff, USA, Carry Toxigenic Genotypes. PLoS One (2016) 0.75
Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Clostridium difficile Infections by PCR Ribotype 017 and 018 Strains. PLoS One (2016) 0.75
Clostridium difficile Ribotype 023 Lacks the Ability To Hydrolyze Esculin, Leading to False-Negative Results on Chromogenic Agar. J Clin Microbiol (2016) 0.75
Genome Analysis of Clostridium difficile PCR Ribotype 014 Lineage in Australian Pigs and Humans Reveals a Diverse Genetic Repertoire and Signatures of Long-Range Interspecies Transmission. Front Microbiol (2017) 0.75
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolates from two Korean hospitals. PLoS One (2017) 0.75
Comparative genomic analysis of toxin-negative strains of Clostridium difficile from humans and animals with symptoms of gastrointestinal disease. BMC Microbiol (2016) 0.75
MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol (2007) 168.76
Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Mol Biol Evol (2005) 31.72
An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med (2005) 18.10
eBURST: inferring patterns of evolutionary descent among clusters of related bacterial genotypes from multilocus sequence typing data. J Bacteriol (2004) 17.92
Toxin production by an emerging strain of Clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks of severe disease in North America and Europe. Lancet (2005) 12.54
BIGSdb: Scalable analysis of bacterial genome variation at the population level. BMC Bioinformatics (2010) 9.30
Neighbor-net: an agglomerative method for the construction of phylogenetic networks. Mol Biol Evol (2003) 8.51
The multidrug-resistant human pathogen Clostridium difficile has a highly mobile, mosaic genome. Nat Genet (2006) 8.02
Inference of bacterial microevolution using multilocus sequence data. Genetics (2006) 7.93
Clostridium difficile infection: new developments in epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Microbiol (2009) 7.89
Clinical practice. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea. N Engl J Med (2002) 7.13
Decreased diversity of the fecal Microbiome in recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. J Infect Dis (2008) 6.21
Mortality attributable to nosocomial Clostridium difficile-associated disease during an epidemic caused by a hypervirulent strain in Quebec. CMAJ (2005) 5.59
PCR targeted to the 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer region of Clostridium difficile and construction of a library consisting of 116 different PCR ribotypes. J Clin Microbiol (1999) 5.58
Toxin B is essential for virulence of Clostridium difficile. Nature (2009) 5.49
The role of toxin A and toxin B in Clostridium difficile infection. Nature (2010) 5.32
A novel toxinotyping scheme and correlation of toxinotypes with serogroups of Clostridium difficile isolates. J Clin Microbiol (1998) 4.79
Multilocus sequence typing of Clostridium difficile. J Clin Microbiol (2009) 4.16
Emergence of Clostridium difficile infection due to a new hypervirulent strain, polymerase chain reaction ribotype 078. Clin Infect Dis (2008) 3.49
Health care-associated Clostridium difficile infection in Canada: patient age and infecting strain type are highly predictive of severe outcome and mortality. Clin Infect Dis (2010) 3.42
Molecular analysis of the pathogenicity locus and polymorphism in the putative negative regulator of toxin production (TcdC) among Clostridium difficile clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol (2002) 3.30
A comparison of homologous recombination rates in bacteria and archaea. ISME J (2008) 3.29
Evolutionary dynamics of Clostridium difficile over short and long time scales. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2010) 3.18
Comparative phylogenomics of Clostridium difficile reveals clade specificity and microevolution of hypervirulent strains. J Bacteriol (2006) 3.05
Development of a rapid and efficient restriction endonuclease analysis typing system for Clostridium difficile and correlation with other typing systems. J Clin Microbiol (1993) 2.94
Definition of the single integration site of the pathogenicity locus in Clostridium difficile. Gene (1996) 2.87
tcdC genotypes associated with severe TcdC truncation in an epidemic clone and other strains of Clostridium difficile. J Clin Microbiol (2006) 2.49
A review of mortality due to Clostridium difficile infection. J Infect (2010) 2.43
Human hypervirulent Clostridium difficile strains exhibit increased sporulation as well as robust toxin production. J Bacteriol (2010) 2.29
Transcription analysis of the genes tcdA-E of the pathogenicity locus of Clostridium difficile. Eur J Biochem (1997) 2.25
Multilocus sequence typing analysis of human and animal Clostridium difficile isolates of various toxigenic types. J Clin Microbiol (2004) 2.11
Clostridium difficile toxin expression is inhibited by the novel regulator TcdC. Mol Microbiol (2007) 2.05
Comparison of toxinotyping and PCR ribotyping of Clostridium difficile strains and description of novel toxinotypes. Microbiology (2001) 2.04
Comparative sequence analysis of the Clostridium difficile toxins A and B. Mol Gen Genet (1992) 2.00
Increased sporulation rate of epidemic Clostridium difficile Type 027/NAP1. J Clin Microbiol (2008) 1.98
Toxinotype V Clostridium difficile in humans and food animals. Emerg Infect Dis (2008) 1.98
Clostridium difficile in food and domestic animals: a new foodborne pathogen? Clin Infect Dis (2010) 1.97
Toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile. Int J Infect Dis (2006) 1.85
Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027: assessing the risks of further worldwide spread. Lancet Infect Dis (2010) 1.73
Comparative analysis of BI/NAP1/027 hypervirulent strains reveals novel toxin B-encoding gene (tcdB) sequences. J Med Microbiol (2008) 1.54
Clostridium difficile ribotype 027, toxinotype III, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis (2006) 1.52
Genetic rearrangements in the pathogenicity locus of Clostridium difficile strain 8864--implications for transcription, expression and enzymatic activity of toxins A and B. Mol Gen Genet (1998) 1.49
Structural organization of the functional domains of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2010) 1.44
Predictors of death after Clostridium difficile infection: a report on 128 strain-typed cases from a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Clin Infect Dis (2010) 1.41
Prevalence and association of PCR ribotypes of Clostridium difficile isolated from symptomatic patients from Warsaw with macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) type resistance. J Med Microbiol (2006) 1.39
Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile over the course of 10 years in a tertiary care hospital. Clin Infect Dis (2009) 1.39
Effect of metronidazole on growth and toxin production by epidemic Clostridium difficile PCR ribotypes 001 and 027 in a human gut model. J Antimicrob Chemother (2007) 1.35
Variations in TcdB activity and the hypervirulence of emerging strains of Clostridium difficile. PLoS Pathog (2010) 1.26
Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis and multilocus sequence typing reveal genetic relationships among Clostridium difficile isolates genotyped by restriction endonuclease analysis. J Clin Microbiol (2009) 1.21
Decrease of hypervirulent Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 in the Netherlands. Euro Surveill (2009) 1.18
Functional properties of the carboxy-terminal host cell-binding domains of the two toxins, TcdA and TcdB, expressed by Clostridium difficile. Glycobiology (2008) 1.17
Four distinct structural domains in Clostridium difficile toxin B visualized using SAXS. J Mol Biol (2010) 1.15
Transcriptional analysis of the toxigenic element of Clostridium difficile. Microb Pathog (1997) 1.13
Multilocus sequence analysis and comparative evolution of virulence-associated genes and housekeeping genes of Clostridium difficile. Microbiology (2005) 1.04
Evidence that Clostridium difficile TcdC is a membrane-associated protein. J Bacteriol (2006) 1.00
Infection due to C. difficile ribotype 078: first report of cases in the Republic of Ireland. J Hosp Infect (2010) 0.98
Comparison of repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR with PCR ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in studying the clonality of Clostridium difficile. Clin Microbiol Infect (2011) 0.93
Artesunate versus quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children (AQUAMAT): an open-label, randomised trial. Lancet (2010) 8.52
Whole-genome sequencing to delineate Mycobacterium tuberculosis outbreaks: a retrospective observational study. Lancet Infect Dis (2012) 7.18
Multilocus sequence typing system for group B streptococcus. J Clin Microbiol (2003) 6.22
Clonal relationships between invasive and carriage Streptococcus pneumoniae and serotype- and clone-specific differences in invasive disease potential. J Infect Dis (2003) 5.73
Once-weekly dalbavancin versus daily conventional therapy for skin infection. N Engl J Med (2014) 5.05
Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2013) 4.63
A Mal functional variant is associated with protection against invasive pneumococcal disease, bacteremia, malaria and tuberculosis. Nat Genet (2007) 4.23
Multilocus sequence typing of Clostridium difficile. J Clin Microbiol (2009) 4.16
Emergence and global spread of epidemic healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile. Nat Genet (2012) 4.10
Impact of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccines on carriage and herd immunity. J Infect Dis (2008) 3.98
A pilot study of rapid benchtop sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile for outbreak detection and surveillance. BMJ Open (2012) 3.93
Determinants of survival following HIV-1 seroconversion after the introduction of HAART. Lancet (2003) 3.84
Genomic islands: tools of bacterial horizontal gene transfer and evolution. FEMS Microbiol Rev (2008) 3.80
Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for infection with Clostridium difficile in Europe, Canada, and the USA: a double-blind, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis (2012) 3.71
Vaccine escape recombinants emerge after pneumococcal vaccination in the United States. PLoS Pathog (2007) 3.65
Predictors of trend in CD4-positive T-cell count and mortality among HIV-1-infected individuals with virological failure to all three antiretroviral-drug classes. Lancet (2004) 3.59
Differences in outcome according to Clostridium difficile testing method: a prospective multicentre diagnostic validation study of C difficile infection. Lancet Infect Dis (2013) 3.56
Multilocus sequence typing system for the endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis. Appl Environ Microbiol (2006) 3.45
Temporal and geographic stability of the serogroup-specific invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children. J Infect Dis (2004) 3.31
Evolutionary dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus during progression from carriage to disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2012) 3.29
A comparison of homologous recombination rates in bacteria and archaea. ISME J (2008) 3.29
Comparison of nine commercially available Clostridium difficile toxin detection assays, a real-time PCR assay for C. difficile tcdB, and a glutamate dehydrogenase detection assay to cytotoxin testing and cytotoxigenic culture methods. J Clin Microbiol (2009) 3.18
Relationship between bacterial strain type, host biomarkers, and mortality in Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis (2013) 3.15
PorA variable regions of Neisseria meningitidis. Emerg Infect Dis (2004) 3.08
Whole-genome sequencing shows that patient-to-patient transmission rarely accounts for acquisition of Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care unit. Clin Infect Dis (2013) 3.05
First-line antiretroviral therapy with a protease inhibitor versus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and switch at higher versus low viral load in HIV-infected children: an open-label, randomised phase 2/3 trial. Lancet Infect Dis (2011) 3.04
MBL genotype and risk of invasive pneumococcal disease: a case-control study. Lancet (2002) 2.87
Adjunctive dexamethasone in bacterial meningitis: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Neurol (2010) 2.74
MLST revisited: the gene-by-gene approach to bacterial genomics. Nat Rev Microbiol (2013) 2.64
Capsular serotype-specific attack rates and duration of carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a population of children. J Infect Dis (2006) 2.54
Antigenic shift and increased incidence of meningococcal disease. J Infect Dis (2006) 2.49
Distribution of serogroups and genotypes among disease-associated and carried isolates of Neisseria meningitidis from the Czech Republic, Greece, and Norway. J Clin Microbiol (2004) 2.41
Mortality after Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in two hospitals in Oxfordshire, 1997-2003: cohort study. BMJ (2006) 2.37
Effect of antibiotic prescribing on antibiotic resistance in individual children in primary care: prospective cohort study. BMJ (2007) 2.19
Helicobacter pylori genome evolution during human infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2011) 2.15
Age and CD4 count at initiation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children: effects on long-term T-cell reconstitution. J Infect Dis (2011) 2.13
Characterisation of Clostridium difficile hospital ward-based transmission using extensive epidemiological data and molecular typing. PLoS Med (2012) 2.12
A prospective study of the causes of febrile illness requiring hospitalization in children in Cambodia. PLoS One (2013) 2.12
Genetic analysis of meningococci carried by children and young adults. J Infect Dis (2005) 2.12
Mismatch induced speciation in Salmonella: model and data. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci (2006) 2.11
Microevolutionary analysis of Clostridium difficile genomes to investigate transmission. Genome Biol (2012) 2.04
Prevalence, incidence and predictors of severe anaemia with zidovudine-containing regimens in African adults with HIV infection within the DART trial. Antivir Ther (2006) 2.02
Assessment of second-line antiretroviral regimens for HIV therapy in Africa. N Engl J Med (2014) 2.00
Severe renal dysfunction and risk factors associated with renal impairment in HIV-infected adults in Africa initiating antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis (2008) 1.98
Guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the UK: report of the working party on hospital-acquired pneumonia of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. J Antimicrob Chemother (2008) 1.98
Treatment of health-care-associated infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria: a consensus statement. Lancet Infect Dis (2008) 1.96
Transferable antibiotic resistance elements in Haemophilus influenzae share a common evolutionary origin with a diverse family of syntenic genomic islands. J Bacteriol (2004) 1.93
Integrated analysis of CANVAS 1 and 2: phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ceftaroline versus vancomycin plus aztreonam in complicated skin and skin-structure infection. Clin Infect Dis (2010) 1.92
Microevolution of Helicobacter pylori during prolonged infection of single hosts and within families. PLoS Genet (2010) 1.89
A chromosomally integrated bacteriophage in invasive meningococci. J Exp Med (2005) 1.88
Genomic evidence for the evolution of Streptococcus equi: host restriction, increased virulence, and genetic exchange with human pathogens. PLoS Pathog (2009) 1.87
Hyperinvasive neonatal group B streptococcus has arisen from a bovine ancestor. J Clin Microbiol (2004) 1.83
The cost-effectiveness of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in HIV-infected children in Zambia. AIDS (2008) 1.81
A genomic approach to bacterial taxonomy: an examination and proposed reclassification of species within the genus Neisseria. Microbiology (2012) 1.79
Evolution and population structure of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport. J Bacteriol (2010) 1.79
Stability of serotypes during nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol (2003) 1.78
Type IV secretion systems: tools of bacterial horizontal gene transfer and virulence. Cell Microbiol (2008) 1.78
Differences in factors associated with initial growth, CD4, and viral load responses to ART in HIV-infected children in Kampala, Uganda, and the United Kingdom/Ireland. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (2008) 1.75
Molecular analysis of the beta-globin gene cluster in the Niokholo Mandenka population reveals a recent origin of the beta(S) Senegal mutation. Am J Hum Genet (2001) 1.73
Improving early management of bloodstream infection: a quality improvement project. BMJ (2008) 1.73
Hybrid Vibrio vulnificus. Emerg Infect Dis (2005) 1.68