Published in Infect Immun on September 01, 1987
Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. Annu Rev Biochem (2001) 18.88
Changes in infectivity and plasmid profile of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, as a result of in vitro cultivation. Infect Immun (1988) 6.64
Essential protective role attributed to the surface lipoproteins of Borrelia burgdorferi against innate defences. Mol Microbiol (2008) 2.23
Laboratory aspects of Lyme borreliosis. Clin Microbiol Rev (1988) 2.18
Role of immunoglobulin G in killing of Borrelia burgdorferi by the classical complement pathway. Infect Immun (1988) 1.97
Lyme borreliosis: host responses to Borrelia burgdorferi. Microbiol Rev (1991) 1.87
Specific and nonspecific responses of murine B cells to membrane blebs of Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun (1993) 1.77
Access of antibody or trypsin to an integral outer membrane protein (P66) of Borrelia burgdorferi is hindered by Osp lipoproteins. Infect Immun (1999) 1.74
Identification of the lipopolysaccharide core of Yersinia pestis and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis as the receptor for bacteriophage φA1122. J Bacteriol (2011) 1.66
Characterization of outer membranes isolated from Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete. Infect Immun (1995) 1.66
In vitro and in vivo induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha by Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun (1992) 1.55
Induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins in monocytes is mediated by CD14. Infect Immun (1999) 1.50
Borrelia burgdorferi mutant lacking Osp: biological and immunological characterization. Infect Immun (1995) 1.49
A newly discovered cholesteryl galactoside from Borrelia burgdorferi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2003) 1.48
Analysis of outer membrane ultrastructure of pathogenic Treponema and Borrelia species by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. J Bacteriol (1991) 1.48
Activation of human monocytes by live Borrelia burgdorferi generates TLR2-dependent and -independent responses which include induction of IFN-beta. PLoS Pathog (2009) 1.47
A methylated phosphate group and four amide-linked acyl chains in leptospira interrogans lipid A. The membrane anchor of an unusual lipopolysaccharide that activates TLR2. J Biol Chem (2004) 1.44
Isolation and partial characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi inner and outer membranes by using isopycnic centrifugation. J Bacteriol (1994) 1.35
Demonstration of a B-lymphocyte mitogen produced by the Lyme disease pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun (1992) 1.33
Borrelia burgdorferi upregulates expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and promotes transendothelial migration of neutrophils in vitro. Infect Immun (1995) 1.33
Purification and immunological characterization of a major low-molecular-weight lipoprotein from Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun (1992) 1.27
A comprehensive approach to identification of surface-exposed, outer membrane-spanning proteins of Leptospira interrogans. PLoS One (2009) 1.22
Cryo-electron tomography elucidates the molecular architecture of Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete. J Bacteriol (2009) 1.18
Borrelia burgdorferi RevA antigen is a surface-exposed outer membrane protein whose expression is regulated in response to environmental temperature and pH. Infect Immun (2001) 1.13
Toll-like receptors: insights into their possible role in the pathogenesis of lyme neuroborreliosis. Infect Immun (2008) 1.10
Glycolipids as immunostimulating agents. Bioorg Med Chem (2007) 1.09
Elimination of channel-forming activity by insertional inactivation of the p13 gene in Borrelia burgdorferi. J Bacteriol (2002) 1.06
Dermal inflammation elicited by synthetic analogs of Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins. Infect Immun (1995) 1.06
Autocrine and exocrine regulation of interleukin-10 production in THP-1 cells stimulated with Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins. Infect Immun (2002) 1.05
A 14,000 MW lipoprotein and a glycolipid-like structure of Borrelia burgdorferi induce proliferation and immunoglobulin production in mouse B cells at high frequencies. Immunology (1994) 1.02
Comparison of the biological responses induced by lipopolysaccharide and endotoxin of Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens. Infect Immun (1989) 1.00
Experimental immunization with Borrelia burgdorferi induces development of antibodies to gangliosides. Infect Immun (1995) 1.00
Immunity-related genes in Ixodes scapularis--perspectives from genome information. Front Cell Infect Microbiol (2014) 0.99
Outer surface protein C is a dissemination-facilitating factor of Borrelia burgdorferi during mammalian infection. PLoS One (2010) 0.99
Effect of levels of acetate on the mevalonate pathway of Borrelia burgdorferi. PLoS One (2012) 0.98
Modulation of cytokine release in ex vivo-stimulated blood from borreliosis patients. Infect Immun (2001) 0.95
Lipopeptides of Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface proteins induce Th1 phenotype development in alphabeta T-cell receptor transgenic mice. Infect Immun (1997) 0.95
Microglia are mediators of Borrelia burgdorferi-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. PLoS Pathog (2009) 0.94
Abrogation of ospAB constitutively activates the Rrp2-RpoN-RpoS pathway (sigmaN-sigmaS cascade) in Borrelia burgdorferi. Mol Microbiol (2008) 0.93
Host-pathogen interactions in the immunopathogenesis of Lyme disease. J Clin Immunol (1997) 0.91
Borrelia burgdorferi and interleukin-1 promote the transendothelial migration of monocytes in vitro by different mechanisms. Infect Immun (1998) 0.88
The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi utilizes multiple ligands, including RNA, for interferon regulatory factor 3-dependent induction of type I interferon-responsive genes. Infect Immun (2010) 0.88
Borrelia burgdorferi induces chemokines in human monocytes. Infect Immun (1997) 0.87
Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes induce mast cell activation and cytokine release. Infect Immun (1999) 0.87
Mechanisms of Borrelia burgdorferi internalization and intracellular innate immune signaling. Front Cell Infect Microbiol (2014) 0.86
Specificity and role of the Borrelia burgdorferi CtpA protease in outer membrane protein processing. J Bacteriol (2011) 0.86
Structural modeling and physicochemical characterization provide evidence that P66 forms a β-barrel in the Borrelia burgdorferi outer membrane. J Bacteriol (2013) 0.85
Phagosomal TLR signaling upon Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol (2014) 0.85
Evolution of the Kdo2-lipid A biosynthesis in bacteria. BMC Evol Biol (2010) 0.85
Morphological and biochemical features of Borrelia burgdorferi pleomorphic forms. Microbiology (2015) 0.84
Oms38 is the first identified pore-forming protein in the outer membrane of relapsing fever spirochetes. J Bacteriol (2008) 0.82
The BB0646 protein demonstrates lipase and haemolytic activity associated with Borrelia burgdorferi, the aetiological agent of Lyme disease. Mol Microbiol (2011) 0.82
Unusual outer membrane lipid composition of the gram-negative, lipopolysaccharide-lacking myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum So ce56. J Biol Chem (2011) 0.82
Antimicrobial activity of two bactenecins against spirochetes. Infect Immun (1993) 0.82
DipA, a pore-forming protein in the outer membrane of Lyme disease spirochetes exhibits specificity for the permeation of dicarboxylates. PLoS One (2012) 0.81
Borrelia burgdorferi resistance to a major skin antimicrobial peptide is independent of outer surface lipoprotein content. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2009) 0.80
Spent culture medium from virulent Borrelia burgdorferi increases permeability of individually perfused microvessels of rat mesentery. PLoS One (2008) 0.80
Species-specific activation of TLR4 by hypoacylated endotoxins governed by residues 82 and 122 of MD-2. PLoS One (2014) 0.80
Synthesis and antigenicity of BBGL-2 glycolipids of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Carbohydr Res (2011) 0.78
Host-Associated Genomic Features of the Novel Uncultured Intracellular Pathogen Ca. Ichthyocystis Revealed by Direct Sequencing of Epitheliocysts. Genome Biol Evol (2016) 0.77
Consensus computational network analysis for identifying candidate outer membrane proteins from Borrelia spirochetes. BMC Microbiol (2016) 0.77
Lipopolysaccharidelike immunological properties of cell wall glycoproteins isolated from Cytophaga johnsonae. Infect Immun (1991) 0.76
The Cross-Talk between Spirochetal Lipoproteins and Immunity. Front Immunol (2014) 0.76
Characterization of the β-barrel assembly machine accessory lipoproteins from Borrelia burgdorferi. BMC Microbiol (2015) 0.76
The Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction After Antibiotic Treatment of Spirochetal Infections: A Review of Recent Cases and Our Understanding of Pathogenesis. Am J Trop Med Hyg (2016) 0.75
For Whom the Bell Tolls (and Nods): Spit-acular Saliva. Curr Trop Med Rep (2016) 0.75
A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides. Eur J Biochem (1969) 22.41
Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes. Yale J Biol Med (1985) 20.49
Variable major proteins of Borrellia hermsii. J Exp Med (1982) 5.62
Purification and characterization of smooth and rough lipopolysaccharides from Brucella abortus. J Bacteriol (1979) 3.40
Serotypes of beta-hemolytic Treponema hyodysenteriae. Infect Immun (1979) 2.81
Fatty acyl derivatives of glucosamine 1-phosphate in Escherichia coli and their relation to lipid A. Complete structure of A diacyl GlcN-1-P found in a phosphatidylglycerol-deficient mutant. J Biol Chem (1983) 2.43
Chemical and biologic characterization of a lipopolysaccharide extracted from the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi). J Infect Dis (1985) 1.58
Position of ester groups in the lipid A backbone of lipopolysaccharides obtained from Salmonella typhimurium. J Biol Chem (1983) 1.57
Biochemical and immunobiological properties of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Bacteroides gingivalis and comparison with LPS from Escherichia coli. Infect Immun (1985) 1.55
Involvement of lipopolysaccharide in the pathogenicity of Treponema hyodysenteriae. J Immunol (1983) 1.45
Monophosphoryl lipid A obtained from lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella minnesota R595. Purification of the dimethyl derivative by high performance liquid chromatography and complete structural determination. J Biol Chem (1985) 1.37
Biological activity of a lipopolysaccharide extracted from Treponema hyodysenteriae. Infect Immun (1982) 1.30
Isolation and chemical composition of the lipopolysaccharides of Rhodopseudomonas palustris strains. Arch Mikrobiol (1973) 1.16
Glucosamine-derived phospholipids in Escherichia coli. Structure and chemical modification of a triacyl glucosamine 1-phosphate found in a phosphatidylglycerol-deficient mutant. J Biol Chem (1983) 1.14
A lipopolysaccharide antigen of the Treponema. Nature (1958) 1.10
"Endotoxicity" of the Lyme disease spirochete. Infection (1984) 0.94
Stimulation of prostaglandin E production by bacterial endotoxins in cultured human synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum (1980) 0.93
Reaction following treatment of murine borreliosis and Shwartzman type reacion with borrelial sonicates. Parasite Immunol (1980) 0.93
Lyme disease-a tick-borne spirochetosis? Science (1982) 27.50
The spirochetal etiology of Lyme disease. N Engl J Med (1983) 21.59
Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes. Yale J Biol Med (1985) 20.49
Spirochetes isolated from the blood of two patients with Lyme disease. N Engl J Med (1983) 11.15
Lyme disease spirochetes and ixodid tick spirochetes share a common surface antigenic determinant defined by a monoclonal antibody. Infect Immun (1983) 9.60
Heterogeneity of major proteins in Lyme disease borreliae: a molecular analysis of North American and European isolates. J Infect Dis (1985) 7.69
A Borrelia-specific monoclonal antibody binds to a flagellar epitope. Infect Immun (1986) 6.80
Variation in a major surface protein of Lyme disease spirochetes. Infect Immun (1984) 6.68
Molecular analysis of linear plasmid-encoded major surface proteins, OspA and OspB, of the Lyme disease spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi. Mol Microbiol (1989) 6.51
Antigenic variation in Lyme disease borreliae by promiscuous recombination of VMP-like sequence cassettes. Cell (1997) 6.36
Biology of Borrelia species. Microbiol Rev (1986) 6.03
Linear plasmids of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi have covalently closed ends. Science (1987) 5.80
Variable major proteins of Borrellia hermsii. J Exp Med (1982) 5.62
Natural Distribution of the Ixodes dammini spirochete. Science (1983) 5.24
Antigenic variability of Borrelia burgdorferi. Ann N Y Acad Sci (1988) 5.02
Role of the major antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cell wall biogenesis. Science (1997) 4.96
Spirochetes in Ixodes dammini and mammals from Connecticut. Am J Trop Med Hyg (1983) 4.86
Effect of isoniazid on the in vivo mycolic acid synthesis, cell growth, and viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1972) 4.64
Low-passage-associated proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi B31: characterization and molecular cloning of OspD, a surface-exposed, plasmid-encoded lipoprotein. Infect Immun (1992) 4.42
Transposition of structural genes to an expression sequence on a linear plasmid causes antigenic variation in the bacterium Borrelia hermsii. Nature (1985) 4.41
Megabase-sized linear DNA in the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1989) 4.38
Chlamydia trachomatis has penicillin-binding proteins but not detectable muramic acid. J Bacteriol (1982) 4.33
Antibodies of patients with Lyme disease to components of the Ixodes dammini spirochete. J Clin Invest (1983) 4.08
Antigenic variation is associated with DNA rearrangements in a relapsing fever Borrelia. Cell (1985) 3.78
Studies on the electron transfer system. LXVII. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the mitochondrial electron transfer complexes. Arch Biochem Biophys (1966) 3.68
The cryptic ospC gene of Borrelia burgdorferi B31 is located on a circular plasmid. Infect Immun (1993) 3.50
A single recombinant plasmid expressing two major outer surface proteins of the Lyme disease spirochete. Science (1985) 3.42
Lipid A-like molecules that antagonize the effects of endotoxins on human monocytes. J Biol Chem (1991) 3.41
Organization of genes encoding two outer membrane proteins of the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi within a single transcriptional unit. Infect Immun (1986) 3.39
Antibody-resistant mutants of Borrelia burgdorferi: in vitro selection and characterization. J Exp Med (1992) 3.30
Protective immunity elicited by recombinant bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) expressing outer surface protein A (OspA) lipoprotein: a candidate Lyme disease vaccine. J Exp Med (1993) 2.96
Erythema chronicum migrans--a tickborne spirochetosis. Acta Trop (1983) 2.85
Clonal polymorphisms of outer membrane protein OspB of Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun (1989) 2.76
Site of inhibitory action of isoniazid in the synthesis of mycolic acids in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Lipid Res (1975) 2.71
DNA characterization of the spirochete that causes Lyme disease. J Clin Microbiol (1984) 2.71
Heterogeneity of outer membrane proteins in Borrelia burgdorferi: comparison of osp operons of three isolates of different geographic origins. Infect Immun (1992) 2.67
Cloning of 18S and 25S rDNAs from the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. J Bacteriol (1989) 2.55
The western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus: a vector of Borrelia burgdorferi. Am J Trop Med Hyg (1985) 2.50
Linear- and circular-plasmid copy numbers in Borrelia burgdorferi. J Bacteriol (1992) 2.45
Fatty acyl derivatives of glucosamine 1-phosphate in Escherichia coli and their relation to lipid A. Complete structure of A diacyl GlcN-1-P found in a phosphatidylglycerol-deficient mutant. J Biol Chem (1983) 2.43
High- and low-infectivity phenotypes of clonal populations of in vitro-cultured Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun (1995) 2.39
Purification and structural determination of nontoxic lipid A obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella typhimurium. J Biol Chem (1982) 2.33
Polymorphisms of major surface proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A (1986) 2.33
In vitro inhibition of Borrelia burgdorferi growth by antibodies. J Infect Dis (1993) 2.31
Inhibition by ethambutol of mycolic acid transfer into the cell wall of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1979) 2.24
Outer surface protein A (OspA) from the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi: high level expression and purification of a soluble recombinant form of OspA. Protein Expr Purif (1990) 2.23
Inflammatory bowel disease-like enteritis and caecitis in a senescence accelerated mouse P1/Yit strain. Gut (1998) 2.20
Linear plasmids of Borrelia burgdorferi have a telomeric structure and sequence similar to those of a eukaryotic virus. J Bacteriol (1991) 2.15
Neuroborreliosis during relapsing fever: review of the clinical manifestations, pathology, and treatment of infections in humans and experimental animals. Clin Infect Dis (1998) 2.15
Variable major proteins of Borrelia hermsii. Epitope mapping and partial sequence analysis of CNBr peptides. J Exp Med (1985) 2.12
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for Lyme disease: reactivity of subunits of Borrelia burgdorferi. J Infect Dis (1989) 2.12
The novel peptide apelin lowers blood pressure via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Regul Pept (2001) 2.07
An outbreak of giardiasis in a group of campers. Am J Trop Med Hyg (1976) 2.04
NACP, a presynaptic protein, immunoreactivity in Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett (1997) 2.01
The relapsing fever agent Borrelia hermsii has multiple copies of its chromosome and linear plasmids. Genetics (1992) 2.00
Role of attached lipid in immunogenicity of Borrelia burgdorferi OspA. Infect Immun (1993) 1.98
A flagella-less mutant of Borrelia burgdorferi. Structural, molecular, and in vitro functional characterization. J Clin Invest (1991) 1.95
The inflammatory cytokine response to Chlamydia trachomatis infection is endotoxin mediated. Infect Immun (1995) 1.94
A family of surface-exposed proteins of 20 kilodaltons in the genus Borrelia. Infect Immun (1994) 1.89
Influence of fine structure of lipid A on Limulus amebocyte lysate clotting and toxic activities. Infect Immun (1984) 1.89
Juxtaposition of expressed variable antigen genes with a conserved telomere in the bacterium Borrelia hermsii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1990) 1.87
Vaginal isolates of Staphylococcus aureus associated with toxic shock syndrome. Infect Immun (1981) 1.84
Emerging bacterial zoonotic and vector-borne diseases. Ecological and epidemiological factors. JAMA (1996) 1.82
Characterization of the purified components of a new homologous series of alpha-mycolic acids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. J Biol Chem (1978) 1.80
An OspB mutant of Borrelia burgdorferi has reduced invasiveness in vitro and reduced infectivity in vivo. Infect Immun (1993) 1.79
Nucleotide sequence and analysis of the gene in Borrelia burgdorferi encoding the immunogenic P39 antigen. FEMS Microbiol Lett (1994) 1.77
In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Borrelia burgdorferi: a microdilution MIC method and time-kill studies. J Clin Microbiol (1992) 1.75
Access of antibody or trypsin to an integral outer membrane protein (P66) of Borrelia burgdorferi is hindered by Osp lipoproteins. Infect Immun (1999) 1.74
Immunochemical analysis of Lyme disease spirochetes. Yale J Biol Med (1985) 1.74
Fortimicins A and B, new aminoglycoside antibiotics. I. Producing organism, fermentation and biological properties of fortimicins. J Antibiot (Tokyo) (1977) 1.74
Expert advice and patient expectations: laboratory testing and antibiotics for Lyme disease. JAMA (1998) 1.73
Prostaglandin E2 stimulates aromatase expression in endometriosis-derived stromal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1997) 1.73
Variability of a bacterial surface protein and disease expression in a possible mouse model of systemic Lyme borreliosis. J Exp Med (1994) 1.73
Properties of penicillin-binding proteins in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1981) 1.72
Separation and characterization of toxic and nontoxic forms of lipid A. Rev Infect Dis (1984) 1.71
Isolation and characterization of the Lyme disease spirochete from the skin of patients with erythema chronicum migrans. J Am Acad Dermatol (1985) 1.71
Complete structure of lipid A obtained from the lipopolysaccharides of the heptoseless mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. J Biol Chem (1983) 1.67
Isolation and characterization of eight lipid A precursors from a 3-deoxy-D-manno-octylosonic acid-deficient mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. J Biol Chem (1985) 1.67
The role of surface in the biological activities of trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate. Surface properties and development of a model system. J Biol Chem (1981) 1.66
Antigenic variation and strain heterogeneity in Borrelia spp. Res Microbiol (1993) 1.60
Position of ester groups in the lipid A backbone of lipopolysaccharides obtained from Salmonella typhimurium. J Biol Chem (1983) 1.57
Subtelomeric expression regions of Borrelia hermsii linear plasmids are highly polymorphic. Mol Microbiol (1992) 1.55
Cloning and sequence analysis of linear plasmid telomeres of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. Mol Microbiol (1990) 1.54
The variable antigens Vmp7 and Vmp21 of the relapsing fever bacterium Borrelia hermsii are structurally analogous to the VSG proteins of the African trypanosome. Mol Microbiol (1990) 1.52
Molecular requirements for B-lymphocyte activation by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1983) 1.51
Arthritis severity and spirochete burden are determined by serotype in the Borrelia turicatae-mouse model of Lyme disease. Infect Immun (1997) 1.51
Structural analysis of the variable major proteins of Borrelia hermsii. J Exp Med (1983) 1.50
Occupational lead poisoning in the United States: clinical and biochemical findings related to blood lead levels. Br J Ind Med (1979) 1.50
Borrelia burgdorferi mutant lacking Osp: biological and immunological characterization. Infect Immun (1995) 1.49
Effects of ethambutol on phospholipid metabolism in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1981) 1.47
Diphosphoryl lipid A obtained from the nontoxic lipopolysaccharide of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides is an endotoxin antagonist in mice. Infect Immun (1991) 1.46
Encapsulation of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs in PLGA nanoparticles by the nanoprecipitation method. Drug Dev Ind Pharm (1999) 1.46
Location of polar substituents and fatty acyl chains on lipid A precursors from a 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid-deficient mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. Studies by 1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. J Biol Chem (1985) 1.46
Antigen diversity in the bacterium B. hermsii through "somatic" mutations in rearranged vmp genes. Cell (1994) 1.44
Immunologic and genetic analyses of VmpA of a neurotropic strain of Borrelia turicatae. Infect Immun (1997) 1.42
Action of penicillin on Borrelia hermsii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1982) 1.42
Comparative analysis and immunological characterization of the Borrelia Bdr protein family. Infect Immun (1999) 1.40
Population structure of the relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia hermsii as indicated by polymorphism of two multigene families that encode immunogenic outer surface lipoproteins. Infect Immun (1998) 1.40