Published in Infect Immun on November 01, 1992
Clostridium difficile toxins: mechanism of action and role in disease. Clin Microbiol Rev (2005) 5.69
A novel toxinotyping scheme and correlation of toxinotypes with serogroups of Clostridium difficile isolates. J Clin Microbiol (1998) 4.79
Identification of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile by PCR. J Clin Microbiol (1998) 3.34
Molecular analysis of the pathogenicity locus and polymorphism in the putative negative regulator of toxin production (TcdC) among Clostridium difficile clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol (2002) 3.30
Characterization of a toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive strain of Clostridium difficile responsible for a nosocomial outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol (2000) 2.50
Clostridium difficile testing: after 20 years, still challenging. J Clin Microbiol (2003) 2.24
Multilocus sequence typing analysis of human and animal Clostridium difficile isolates of various toxigenic types. J Clin Microbiol (2004) 2.11
Multicenter evaluation of the Clostridium difficile TOX A/B TEST. J Clin Microbiol (1998) 2.09
Pseudomembranous colitis caused by a toxin A(-) B(+) strain of Clostridium difficile. J Clin Microbiol (2000) 1.91
Prevalence and genetic characterization of toxin A variant strains of Clostridium difficile among adults and children with diarrhea in France. J Clin Microbiol (2002) 1.83
Characterization of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile isolates from outbreaks in different countries by amplified fragment length polymorphism and PCR ribotyping. J Clin Microbiol (2004) 1.73
New types of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive strains among Clostridium difficile isolates from Asia. J Clin Microbiol (2003) 1.61
Toxin gene analysis of a variant strain of Clostridium difficile that causes human clinical disease. Infect Immun (2000) 1.60
Development and evaluation of a PCR method for detection of the Clostridium difficile toxin B gene in stool specimens. J Clin Microbiol (2002) 1.46
The role of toxin A and toxin B in Clostridium difficile-associated disease: Past and present perspectives. Gut Microbes (2010) 1.37
Evaluation of tcdB real-time PCR in a three-step diagnostic algorithm for detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile. J Clin Microbiol (2009) 1.33
The anti-sigma factor TcdC modulates hypervirulence in an epidemic BI/NAP1/027 clinical isolate of Clostridium difficile. PLoS Pathog (2011) 1.28
Genetic characterization of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile isolates by PCR. J Clin Microbiol (2000) 1.28
Evaluation of two rapid assays for detection of Clostridium difficile toxin A in stool specimens. J Clin Microbiol (1999) 1.23
International typing study of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile variants. J Clin Microbiol (2003) 1.23
High frequency of antibiotic-associated diarrhea due to toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile in a hospital in Japan and risk factors for infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis (2003) 1.20
Positive regulation of Clostridium difficile toxins. Infect Immun (1997) 1.17
Translocation of Clostridium difficile toxin B across polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers is enhanced by toxin A. Can J Infect Dis (2004) 1.16
Novel molecular type of Clostridium difficile in neonatal pigs, Western Australia. Emerg Infect Dis (2013) 1.08
Clostridium difficile 027/BI/NAP1 encodes a hypertoxic and antigenically variable form of TcdB. PLoS Pathog (2013) 1.08
The enterotoxicity of Clostridium difficile toxins. Toxins (Basel) (2010) 1.07
Both, toxin A and toxin B, are important in Clostridium difficile infection. Gut Microbes (2011) 1.06
Open-label, dose escalation phase I study in healthy volunteers to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of a human monoclonal antibody to Clostridium difficile toxin A. Vaccine (2008) 1.03
Spo0A differentially regulates toxin production in evolutionarily diverse strains of Clostridium difficile. PLoS One (2013) 0.99
Structural determinants of Clostridium difficile toxin A glucosyltransferase activity. J Biol Chem (2012) 0.99
Evaluation of two rapid immunochromatography tests for the detection of Clostridium difficile toxins. Dig Dis Sci (2007) 0.99
Purification and characterization of alpha-toxin produced by Clostridium novyi type A. Infect Immun (1993) 0.89
An Update on Clostridium difficile Toxinotyping. J Clin Microbiol (2015) 0.87
Clostridium difficile infection of the gut. J Clin Pathol (1996) 0.81
Diarrhea recurrence in patients with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: Role of concurrent antibiotics. Can J Infect Dis (1999) 0.78
What's a SNP between friends: The influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms on virulence and phenotypes of Clostridium difficile strain 630 and derivatives. Virulence (2016) 0.76
Subinhibitory concentrations of LFF571 reduce toxin production by Clostridium difficile. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2014) 0.75
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolates from two Korean hospitals. PLoS One (2017) 0.75
High prevalence of subclass-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins in adult cystic fibrosis sera: possible mode of immunoprotection against symptomatic C. difficile infection. Clin Exp Gastroenterol (2017) 0.75
Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature (1970) 1528.65
Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol (1975) 503.08
Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1979) 365.71
High efficiency transformation of E. coli by high voltage electroporation. Nucleic Acids Res (1988) 34.78
Sequence from picomole quantities of proteins electroblotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. J Biol Chem (1987) 34.69
Ribosomal DNA spacer-length polymorphisms in barley: mendelian inheritance, chromosomal location, and population dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1984) 18.39
Clostridium difficile: its disease and toxins. Clin Microbiol Rev (1988) 7.26
Purification and characterization of toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile. Infect Immun (1982) 6.88
Biological activities of toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile. Infect Immun (1982) 4.62
Molecular characterization of the Clostridium difficile toxin A gene. Infect Immun (1990) 4.06
Production of Clostridium difficile antitoxin. Infect Immun (1980) 3.95
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Clostridium difficile toxin A. J Clin Microbiol (1983) 3.40
Enzyme immunoassays for detection of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in fecal specimens. J Infect Dis (1984) 3.07
Nucleotide sequence of Clostridium difficile toxin B gene. Nucleic Acids Res (1990) 2.93
Monoclonal and specific polyclonal antibodies for immunoassay of Clostridium difficile toxin A. J Clin Microbiol (1985) 2.46
Characterization of toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile with monoclonal antibodies. Infect Immun (1986) 2.01
Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in rabbit small and large intestine in vivo and on cultured cells in vitro. Infect Immun (1988) 2.00
Purification and characterization of Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin and cross-reactivity with Clostridium difficile cytotoxin. Infect Immun (1987) 1.72
Purification and characterization of Clostridium sordellii hemorrhagic toxin and cross-reactivity with Clostridium difficile toxin A (enterotoxin). Infect Immun (1988) 1.40
Construction and expression of the complete Clostridium difficile toxin A gene in Escherichia coli. Infect Immun (1991) 0.96
Medium for use in antibiotic susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1976) 9.38
Modified broth-disk method for testing the antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1973) 9.35
Fermentation of mucin and plant polysaccharides by strains of Bacteroides from the human colon. Appl Environ Microbiol (1977) 8.29
Clostridium difficile: its disease and toxins. Clin Microbiol Rev (1988) 7.26
Purification and characterization of toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile. Infect Immun (1982) 6.88
Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins given intragastrically to animals. Infect Immun (1985) 5.44
Collaborative evaluation of a proposed reference dilution method of susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1979) 5.10
Low counts of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in colitis microbiota. Inflamm Bowel Dis (2009) 4.72
Biological activities of toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile. Infect Immun (1982) 4.62
Development of a micromethod for identification of anaerobic bacteria. Appl Microbiol (1975) 4.58
Fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon. Appl Environ Microbiol (1977) 4.09
Molecular characterization of the Clostridium difficile toxin A gene. Infect Immun (1990) 4.06
Production of Clostridium difficile antitoxin. Infect Immun (1980) 3.95
Micromethod for identification of anaerobic bacteria: design and operation of apparatus. Appl Microbiol (1975) 3.80
The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the human microbiota changes with age. BMC Microbiol (2009) 3.58
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Clostridium difficile toxin A. J Clin Microbiol (1983) 3.40
Nucleotide sequence of Clostridium difficile toxin B gene. Nucleic Acids Res (1990) 2.93
Cell surface binding site for Clostridium difficile enterotoxin: evidence for a glycoconjugate containing the sequence Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc. Infect Immun (1986) 2.89
Investigation of an outbreak of antibiotic-associated colitis by various typing methods. J Clin Microbiol (1982) 2.86
Design and evaluation of a 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe for specific detection and quantitation of human faecal Bacteroides populations. Syst Appl Microbiol (1998) 2.70
Arginine, a growth-limiting factor for Eubacterium lentum. J Bacteriol (1976) 2.67
Effects of the two toxins of Clostridium difficile in antibiotic-associated cecitis in hamsters. Infect Immun (1982) 2.65
Production by Salmonella typhimurium of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine, and its stimulation of growth in human serum. J Infect Dis (1970) 2.62
Medium-dependent inhibition of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius by sodium polyanetholsulfonate in blood culture media. J Clin Microbiol (1976) 2.46
Monoclonal and specific polyclonal antibodies for immunoassay of Clostridium difficile toxin A. J Clin Microbiol (1985) 2.46
Production of a complete binary toxin (actin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase) by Clostridium difficile CD196. Infect Immun (1997) 2.42
Comparative study of bacterial groups within the human cecal and fecal microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol (2001) 2.17
Production of antitoxins to two toxins of Clostridium difficile and immunological comparison of the toxins by cross-neutralization studies. Infect Immun (1982) 2.14
The enterotoxin of Bacteroides fragilis is a metalloprotease. Infect Immun (1995) 2.06
Characterization of toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile with monoclonal antibodies. Infect Immun (1986) 2.01
Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in rabbit small and large intestine in vivo and on cultured cells in vitro. Infect Immun (1988) 2.00
Prevalence and pathogenicity of Clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients. A French multicenter study. Arch Intern Med (1996) 1.98
Purification and characterization of an enterotoxin from Bacteroides fragilis. Infect Immun (1992) 1.97
Survival, physiology, and lysis of Lactococcus lactis in the digestive tract. Appl Environ Microbiol (1999) 1.93
Commercial latex test for Clostridium difficile toxin A does not detect toxin A. J Clin Microbiol (1986) 1.92
Differential effects of Clostridium difficile toxins on tissue-cultured cells. J Clin Microbiol (1982) 1.87
Resistance of some species of Clostridium to clindamycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1973) 1.81
Plasmid vectors for gram-positive bacteria switching from high to low copy number. Gene (1996) 1.81
Effect of clavulanic Acid on anaerobic bacteria resistant to Beta-lactam antibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1978) 1.78
In vivo protection of Fusobacterium necrophorum from penicillin by Bacteroides fragilis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1975) 1.78
Serogroup F strains of Clostridium difficile produce toxin B but not toxin A. J Med Microbiol (1993) 1.78
Problems associated with counterimmunoelectrophoresis assays for detecting Clostridium difficile toxin. J Clin Microbiol (1982) 1.75
Chemotherapy of an experimental Fusobacterium (Sphaerophorus) necrophorum infection in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1974) 1.71
Identification of the latex test-reactive protein of Clostridium difficile as glutamate dehydrogenase. J Clin Microbiol (1991) 1.67
Protection against experimental pseudomembranous colitis in gnotobiotic mice by use of monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxin A. Infect Immun (1991) 1.66
Fibrinolytic activity of oral anaerobic bacteria. Arch Oral Biol (1978) 1.65
Toxin A of Clostridium difficile is a potent cytotoxin. J Clin Microbiol (1990) 1.65
Use of semisolid agar from initiation of pure Bacteroides fragilis infection in mice. Infect Immun (1976) 1.64
Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin modulates epithelial permeability and bacterial internalization by HT-29 enterocytes. Gastroenterology (1996) 1.63
Inhibition of Bacteroides fragilis on blood agar plates and reversal of inhibition by added hemin. J Clin Microbiol (1976) 1.63
Beta-Lactamase activity in strains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides oralis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1977) 1.62
Laminarinase (beta-glucanase) activity in Bacteroides from the human colon. Appl Environ Microbiol (1977) 1.61
Proteolytic activity of the Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin causes fluid secretion and intestinal damage in vivo. Infect Immun (1995) 1.59
Purification of Clostridium difficile toxin A by affinity chromatography on immobilized thyroglobulin. Infect Immun (1987) 1.57
Purification and characterization of Clostridium perfringens iota toxin: dependence on two nonlinked proteins for biological activity. Infect Immun (1986) 1.57
Requirement of heme for growth of Bacteroides fragilis. Appl Environ Microbiol (1977) 1.53
Clostridium difficile toxin A in infants. J Infect Dis (1983) 1.53
Toxin A from Clostridium difficile binds to rabbit erythrocyte glycolipids with terminal Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc sequences. Arch Biochem Biophys (1987) 1.51
Vaspar broth-disk procedure for antibiotic susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1980) 1.50
Molecular basis for the pathological actions of Clostridium perfringens iota toxin. Infect Immun (1987) 1.47
Modulation of cytotoxin production by Clostridium difficile in the intestinal tracts of gnotobiotic mice inoculated with various human intestinal bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol (1985) 1.47
Comparison of Clostridium sordellii toxins HT and LT with toxins A and B of C. difficile. J Med Microbiol (1992) 1.47
The Bacteroides fragilis toxin fragilysin disrupts the paracellular barrier of epithelial cells. Infect Immun (1997) 1.46
Cytochrome spectrum of an obligate anaerobe, Eubacterium lentum. J Bacteriol (1976) 1.45
Bacteriophages of Bacteroides. Rev Infect Dis (1980) 1.44
Toxin A of Clostridium difficile binds to the human carbohydrate antigens I, X, and Y. Infect Immun (1991) 1.44
Clostridium perfringens iota toxin: synergism between two proteins. Toxicon (1986) 1.43
Passive immunization of hamsters against disease caused by Clostridium difficile by use of bovine immunoglobulin G concentrate. Infect Immun (1991) 1.42
Cholesterol-reducing bacterium from human feces. Appl Environ Microbiol (1977) 1.40
Purification and characterization of Clostridium sordellii hemorrhagic toxin and cross-reactivity with Clostridium difficile toxin A (enterotoxin). Infect Immun (1988) 1.40
Influence of pencillinase production by strains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteriodes oralis on pencillin therapy of an experimental mixed anaerobic infection in mice. Arch Oral Biol (1976) 1.39
Cloning and characterization of the gene for the metalloprotease enterotoxin of Bacteroides fragilis. FEMS Microbiol Lett (1997) 1.36
Characterization of cross-reactive proteins detected by Culturette Brand Rapid Latex Test for Clostridium difficile. J Clin Microbiol (1988) 1.34
Comparison of culture, cytotoxicity assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for toxin A and toxin B in the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-related enteric disease. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis (1986) 1.34
Localization of two epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibody PCG-4 on Clostridium difficile toxin A. Infect Immun (1992) 1.32
Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and routine susceptibility testing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1978) 1.26
Rabbit sucrase-isomaltase contains a functional intestinal receptor for Clostridium difficile toxin A. J Clin Invest (1996) 1.26
Bovine rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 produced by Lactococcus lactis is antigenic and immunogenic. Appl Environ Microbiol (2001) 1.25
Lactobacillus casei is able to survive and initiate protein synthesis during its transit in the digestive tract of human flora-associated mice. Appl Environ Microbiol (2002) 1.22
Imbalance of leucine flux in Lactococcus lactis and its use for the isolation of diacetyl-overproducing strains. Appl Environ Microbiol (1996) 1.21
Isolation of auxotrophs of Bacteroides fragilis. Can J Microbiol (1978) 1.21
High-level expression of a heterologous protein in the milk of transgenic swine using the cDNA encoding human protein C. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1992) 1.20
Induction of mucosal immune response after intranasal or oral inoculation of mice with Lactococcus lactis producing bovine beta-lactoglobulin. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol (2001) 1.20
Metabolic operons in Lactococci. Dev Biol Stand (1995) 1.18
Effect of the gastrointestinal microflora on induction and maintenance of oral tolerance to ovalbumin in C3H/HeJ mice. Infect Immun (1988) 1.18
Positive regulation of Clostridium difficile toxins. Infect Immun (1997) 1.17
Bacteriocin production by strains of Bacteroides isolated from human feces and the role of these strains in the bacterial ecology of the colon. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1977) 1.16
Mutagenesis of the Clostridium difficile toxin B gene and effect on cytotoxic activity. Microb Pathog (1994) 1.14
TechLab and alexon Giardia enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits detect cyst wall protein 1. J Clin Microbiol (1999) 1.13
Use of an enzyme-linked immunoassay for Clostridium difficile serogrouping. J Clin Microbiol (1993) 1.12
Role of Clostridium difficile toxins in disease. Gastroenterology (1987) 1.11
The fecapentaenes, potent mutagens from human feces. Chem Res Toxicol (1992) 1.11
Carbohydrate repression of catalase synthesis in Bacteroides fragilis. J Bacteriol (1977) 1.11
Effect of various diets on toxin production by two strains of Clostridium difficile in gnotobiotic mice. Infect Immun (1987) 1.11
Effect of high-fiber and high-oil diets on the fecal flora of swine. Appl Environ Microbiol (1987) 1.10
Production by Clostridium spiroforme of an iotalike toxin that possesses mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferase activity: identification of a novel class of ADP-ribosyltransferases. Infect Immun (1989) 1.09