NRAS mutant melanoma: biological behavior and future strategies for therapeutic management.

Metformin and trametinib have synergistic effects on cell viability and tumor growth in NRAS mutant cancer. Oncotarget (2015) 1.06

Evaluating melanoma drug response and therapeutic escape with quantitative proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics (2014) 1.00

MicroRNA-340 as a modulator of RAS-RAF-MAPK signaling in melanoma. Arch Biochem Biophys (2014) 0.90

Inhibition of autophagy enhances the effects of the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 when combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin in BRAF wild-type melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res (2014) 0.88

Inhibition of Wee1, AKT, and CDK4 underlies the efficacy of the HSP90 inhibitor XL888 in an in vivo model of NRAS-mutant melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther (2013) 0.88

Molecular targeted therapies in metastatic melanoma. Pharmgenomics Pers Med (2013) 0.87

Combination of pan-RAF and MEK inhibitors in NRAS mutant melanoma. Mol Cancer (2015) 0.87

NRAS (Q61R), BRAF (V600E) immunohistochemistry: a concomitant tool for mutation screening in melanomas. Diagn Pathol (2015) 0.87

Treatment of NRAS-mutant melanoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol (2015) 0.86

Towards combinatorial targeted therapy in melanoma: from pre-clinical evidence to clinical application (review). Int J Oncol (2014) 0.85

Molecular pathways: targeting NRAS in melanoma and acute myelogenous leukemia. Clin Cancer Res (2014) 0.85

Combined Inhibition of MEK and Plk1 Has Synergistic Antitumor Activity in NRAS Mutant Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol (2015) 0.84

Multiple Molecular Pathways in Melanomagenesis: Characterization of Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol (2015) 0.82

Phosphoproteomic analysis of basal and therapy-induced adaptive signaling networks in BRAF and NRAS mutant melanoma. Proteomics (2014) 0.82

Targeting TBK1 inhibits migration and resistance to MEK inhibitors in mutant NRAS melanoma. Mol Cancer Res (2014) 0.82

The immune-related role of BRAF in melanoma. Mol Oncol (2014) 0.78

Acyl protein thioesterase 1 and 2 (APT-1, APT-2) inhibitors palmostatin B, ML348 and ML349 have different effects on NRAS mutant melanoma cells. Oncotarget (2016) 0.77

Amuvatinib has cytotoxic effects against NRAS-mutant melanoma but not BRAF-mutant melanoma. Melanoma Res (2014) 0.77

Searching for the Chokehold of NRAS Mutant Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol (2016) 0.77

SBI-0640756 Attenuates the Growth of Clinically Unresponsive Melanomas by Disrupting the eIF4F Translation Initiation Complex. Cancer Res (2015) 0.76

Inhibition of Cell Proliferation in an NRAS Mutant Melanoma Cell Line by Combining Sorafenib and α-Mangostin. PLoS One (2016) 0.76

MIG6 Is MEK Regulated and Affects EGF-Induced Migration in Mutant NRAS Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol (2015) 0.76

α-Mangostin, a Natural Agent, Enhances the Response of NRAS Mutant Melanoma to Retinoic Acid. Med Sci Monit (2016) 0.75

Effects of miR-145-5p through NRAS on the cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in melanoma by inhibiting MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Cancer Med (2017) 0.75

Resistance mechanisms to genetic suppression of mutant NRAS in melanoma. Melanoma Res (2017) 0.75

Identification of NRAS isoform 2 overexpression as a mechanism facilitating BRAF inhibitor resistance in malignant melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2017) 0.75

Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med (2010) 67.34

Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature (2002) 65.42

Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. N Engl J Med (2011) 45.46

Identification of the transforming EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small-cell lung cancer. Nature (2007) 37.09

Inhibition of mutated, activated BRAF in metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med (2010) 36.57

The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia enables predictive modelling of anticancer drug sensitivity. Nature (2012) 31.78

Efficacy and safety of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med (2001) 24.51

ras oncogenes in human cancer: a review. Cancer Res (1989) 22.03

Mechanism of activation of the RAF-ERK signaling pathway by oncogenic mutations of B-RAF. Cell (2004) 19.51

Melanomas acquire resistance to B-RAF(V600E) inhibition by RTK or N-RAS upregulation. Nature (2010) 18.69

Kinase-dead BRAF and oncogenic RAS cooperate to drive tumor progression through CRAF. Cell (2010) 17.48

RAF inhibitors transactivate RAF dimers and ERK signalling in cells with wild-type BRAF. Nature (2010) 17.31

Distinct sets of genetic alterations in melanoma. N Engl J Med (2005) 17.26

BRAF mutation predicts sensitivity to MEK inhibition. Nature (2005) 17.14

BRAFE600-associated senescence-like cell cycle arrest of human naevi. Nature (2005) 16.87

RAF inhibitors prime wild-type RAF to activate the MAPK pathway and enhance growth. Nature (2010) 15.63

Targeting RAS signalling pathways in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer (2003) 15.17

Effective use of PI3K and MEK inhibitors to treat mutant Kras G12D and PIK3CA H1047R murine lung cancers. Nat Med (2008) 14.47

Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta regulates cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization. Genes Dev (1998) 12.55

Improved survival with MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutated melanoma. N Engl J Med (2012) 11.72

The molecular evolution of acquired resistance to targeted EGFR blockade in colorectal cancers. Nature (2012) 10.17

Evidence of RNAi in humans from systemically administered siRNA via targeted nanoparticles. Nature (2010) 10.09

High frequency of BRAF mutations in nevi. Nat Genet (2002) 9.95

RAS oncogenes: the first 30 years. Nat Rev Cancer (2003) 8.61

Braf(V600E) cooperates with Pten loss to induce metastatic melanoma. Nat Genet (2009) 7.81

GSK3 takes centre stage more than 20 years after its discovery. Biochem J (2001) 7.74

RAS mutations in cutaneous squamous-cell carcinomas in patients treated with BRAF inhibitors. N Engl J Med (2012) 6.93

Modeling genomic diversity and tumor dependency in malignant melanoma. Cancer Res (2008) 5.95

Epidermal growth factor regulates p21ras through the formation of a complex of receptor, Grb2 adapter protein, and Sos nucleotide exchange factor. Cell (1993) 5.66

Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the oral, small-molecule mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) in patients with advanced cancers. J Clin Oncol (2008) 4.82

PTEN loss confers BRAF inhibitor resistance to melanoma cells through the suppression of BIM expression. Cancer Res (2011) 4.80

Function and regulation of ras. Annu Rev Biochem (1993) 4.69

PLX4032, a selective BRAF(V600E) kinase inhibitor, activates the ERK pathway and enhances cell migration and proliferation of BRAF melanoma cells. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res (2010) 4.50

The BAD protein integrates survival signaling by EGFR/MAPK and PI3K/Akt kinase pathways in PTEN-deficient tumor cells. Cancer Cell (2005) 4.48

4E-BP1 is a key effector of the oncogenic activation of the AKT and ERK signaling pathways that integrates their function in tumors. Cancer Cell (2010) 4.48

In melanoma, RAS mutations are accompanied by switching signaling from BRAF to CRAF and disrupted cyclic AMP signaling. Cancer Res (2006) 4.29

Human RAS superfamily proteins and related GTPases. Sci STKE (2004) 3.80

Genetic interaction between NRAS and BRAF mutations and PTEN/MMAC1 inactivation in melanoma. J Invest Dermatol (2004) 3.80

Dynamic reprogramming of the kinome in response to targeted MEK inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer. Cell (2012) 3.77

RAS mutations are associated with the development of cutaneous squamous cell tumors in patients treated with RAF inhibitors. J Clin Oncol (2011) 3.43

FoxO3a transcriptional regulation of Bim controls apoptosis in paclitaxel-treated breast cancer cell lines. J Biol Chem (2003) 3.41

Oncogene-induced cell senescence--halting on the road to cancer. N Engl J Med (2006) 3.39

GSK1120212 (JTP-74057) is an inhibitor of MEK activity and activation with favorable pharmacokinetic properties for sustained in vivo pathway inhibition. Clin Cancer Res (2011) 3.36

c-Kit triggers dual phosphorylations, which couple activation and degradation of the essential melanocyte factor Mi. Genes Dev (2000) 3.13

Basal and treatment-induced activation of AKT mediates resistance to cell death by AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) in Braf-mutant human cutaneous melanoma cells. Cancer Res (2010) 2.90

NRAS mutation status is an independent prognostic factor in metastatic melanoma. Cancer (2011) 2.69

Post-translational modifications and regulation of the RAS superfamily of GTPases as anticancer targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov (2007) 2.67

The mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) induces growth arrest in melanoma cells and tumor regression when combined with docetaxel. Clin Cancer Res (2008) 2.64

A novel AKT3 mutation in melanoma tumours and cell lines. Br J Cancer (2008) 2.63

Improving melanoma classification by integrating genetic and morphologic features. PLoS Med (2008) 2.52

Cooperative effects of INK4a and ras in melanoma susceptibility in vivo. Genes Dev (1997) 2.47

Akt3-mediated resistance to apoptosis in B-RAF-targeted melanoma cells. Cancer Res (2010) 2.42

A pivotal role for ERK in the oncogenic behaviour of malignant melanoma? Int J Cancer (2003) 2.37

The HSP90 inhibitor XL888 overcomes BRAF inhibitor resistance mediated through diverse mechanisms. Clin Cancer Res (2012) 2.31

Integrated Molecular and Clinical Analysis of AKT Activation in Metastatic Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res (2009) 2.21

Combinations of BRAF, MEK, and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors overcome acquired resistance to the BRAF inhibitor GSK2118436 dabrafenib, mediated by NRAS or MEK mutations. Mol Cancer Ther (2012) 2.21

Receptor tyrosine kinases exert dominant control over PI3K signaling in human KRAS mutant colorectal cancers. J Clin Invest (2011) 2.20

CRAF inhibition induces apoptosis in melanoma cells with non-V600E BRAF mutations. Oncogene (2008) 2.19

Akt3 and mutant V600E B-Raf cooperate to promote early melanoma development. Cancer Res (2008) 2.18

Transforming ras genes from human melanoma: a manifestation of tumour heterogeneity? Nature (1984) 2.14

Human cutaneous melanomas lacking MITF and melanocyte differentiation antigens express a functional Axl receptor kinase. J Invest Dermatol (2011) 2.09

Combined targeting of BRAF and CRAF or BRAF and PI3K effector pathways is required for efficacy in NRAS mutant tumors. PLoS One (2009) 2.07

Congenital melanocytic nevi frequently harbor NRAS mutations but no BRAF mutations. J Invest Dermatol (2006) 2.04

Reversing melanoma cross-resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors by co-targeting the AKT/mTOR pathway. PLoS One (2011) 1.89

Clinical outcome and pathological features associated with NRAS mutation in cutaneous melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res (2011) 1.87

Mutations and copy number increase of HRAS in Spitz nevi with distinctive histopathological features. Am J Pathol (2000) 1.86

ERK and PDE4 cooperate to induce RAF isoform switching in melanoma. Nat Struct Mol Biol (2011) 1.85

Adhesion control of cyclin D1 and p27Kip1 levels is deregulated in melanoma cells through BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling. Oncogene (2005) 1.83

Impact of feedback phosphorylation and Raf heterodimerization on normal and mutant B-Raf signaling. Mol Cell Biol (2009) 1.81

Mutant B-RAF mediates resistance to anoikis via Bad and Bim. Oncogene (2008) 1.79

Clinical correlates of NRAS and BRAF mutations in primary human melanoma. Clin Cancer Res (2010) 1.78

Dual inactivation of RB and p53 pathways in RAS-induced melanomas. Mol Cell Biol (2001) 1.73

Resistance to selective BRAF inhibition can be mediated by modest upstream pathway activation. Cancer Res (2011) 1.73

Mutually exclusive NRASQ61R and BRAFV600E mutations at the single-cell level in the same human melanoma. Oncogene (2006) 1.69

The PTEN-AKT3 signaling cascade as a therapeutic target in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res (2009) 1.62

Acquired and intrinsic BRAF inhibitor resistance in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma. Biochem Pharmacol (2011) 1.59

Negative feedback and adaptive resistance to the targeted therapy of cancer. Cancer Discov (2012) 1.57

Hyperactivation of MEK-ERK1/2 signaling and resistance to apoptosis induced by the oncogenic B-RAF inhibitor, PLX4720, in mutant N-RAS melanoma cells. Oncogene (2010) 1.57

Atypical melanocytic proliferations and new primary melanomas in patients with advanced melanoma undergoing selective BRAF inhibition. J Clin Oncol (2012) 1.45

Phosphoproteomic screen identifies potential therapeutic targets in melanoma. Mol Cancer Res (2011) 1.38

Regulation of the Forkhead transcription factor AFX by Ral-dependent phosphorylation of threonines 447 and 451. Mol Cell Biol (2001) 1.34

Correlation of NRAS mutations with clinical response to high-dose IL-2 in patients with advanced melanoma. J Immunother (2012) 1.18

Coexisting NRAS and BRAF mutations in primary familial melanomas with specific CDKN2A germline alterations. J Invest Dermatol (2009) 1.16

Dissection of RAS downstream pathways in melanomagenesis: a role for Ral in transformation. Oncogene (2010) 1.13

Farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH66336 is cytostatic, pro-apoptotic and enhances chemosensitivity to cisplatin in melanoma cells. Int J Cancer (2003) 1.11

Assessment of association between BRAF-V600E mutation status in melanomas and clinical response to ipilimumab. Cancer Immunol Immunother (2012) 1.11

Differential oncogenic potential of activated RAS isoforms in melanocytes. Oncogene (2007) 1.09

RAF265 inhibits the growth of advanced human melanoma tumors. Clin Cancer Res (2012) 1.09

Ral activation promotes melanomagenesis. Oncogene (2010) 1.07

Ras-related proteins in signal transduction and growth control. Mol Reprod Dev (1995) 1.07

Oncogenic NRAS has multiple effects on the malignant phenotype of human melanoma cells cultured in vitro. Int J Cancer (2009) 1.05

Acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition can confer cross-resistance to combined BRAF/MEK inhibition. J Invest Dermatol (2012) 1.03

Comprehensive analysis of receptor tyrosine kinase activation in human melanomas reveals autocrine signaling through IGF-1R. Melanoma Res (2011) 1.03

Cyclic AMP blocks cell growth through Raf-1-dependent and Raf-1-independent mechanisms. Mol Cell Biol (2002) 1.02

Raf inhibitors target ras spatiotemporal dynamics. Curr Biol (2012) 1.00

A mouse model of melanoma driven by oncogenic KRAS. Cancer Res (2010) 0.96

High frequency of p16(INK4A) promoter methylation in NRAS-mutated cutaneous melanoma. J Invest Dermatol (2010) 0.95

The farnesyl transferase inhibitor lonafarnib inhibits mTOR signaling and enforces sorafenib-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells. J Invest Dermatol (2010) 0.94

Mechanism of RAF isoform switching induced by oncogenic RAS in melanoma. Small GTPases (2011) 0.85

Targeted therapies of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)--the next frontiers. Biochem Pharmacol (2010) 0.81

Recovery of phospho-ERK activity allows melanoma cells to escape from BRAF inhibitor therapy. Br J Cancer (2010) 2.83

Meeting report from the 7th International Melanoma Congress, Sydney, November, 2010. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res (2010) 1.55

Meeting report from the Society for Melanoma Research 2012 Congress, Hollywood, California. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res (2013) 0.95

Effect of prolonged hypoxia on Na+ channel mRNA subtypes in the developing rat cortex. Brain Res Mol Brain Res (2001) 0.80