Published in Nature on July 22, 1986
DNA sequence analysis with a modified bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1987) 37.15
DNA sequencing with Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase and direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1988) 14.20
Hypervariability of simple sequences as a general source for polymorphic DNA markers. Nucleic Acids Res (1989) 10.34
Direct solid phase sequencing of genomic and plasmid DNA using magnetic beads as solid support. Nucleic Acids Res (1989) 9.04
Ray: simultaneous assembly of reads from a mix of high-throughput sequencing technologies. J Comput Biol (2010) 6.38
DNA typing and genetic mapping with trimeric and tetrameric tandem repeats. Am J Hum Genet (1991) 6.20
Sequence information can be obtained from single DNA molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2003) 5.24
Automated DNA sequencing: ultrasensitive detection of fluorescent bands during electrophoresis. Nucleic Acids Res (1987) 5.14
Modelling and simulating generic RNA-Seq experiments with the flux simulator. Nucleic Acids Res (2012) 4.81
Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) for whole-genome profiling of barley. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2004) 4.70
Fluorescence energy transfer dye-labeled primers for DNA sequencing and analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1995) 3.45
DNA probes using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET): designs and applications. Biotechniques (2001) 3.08
Effect of manganese ions on the incorporation of dideoxynucleotides by bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase and Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1989) 2.98
Identification of mutations leading to the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome by automated direct DNA sequencing of in vitro amplified cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1989) 2.97
Arabidopsis TCH4, regulated by hormones and the environment, encodes a xyloglucan endotransglycosylase. Plant Cell (1995) 2.95
DNA sequencing with dye-labeled terminators and T7 DNA polymerase: effect of dyes and dNTPs on incorporation of dye-terminators and probability analysis of termination fragments. Nucleic Acids Res (1992) 2.71
Measurement of locus copy number by hybridisation with amplifiable probes. Nucleic Acids Res (2000) 2.70
Four-color DNA sequencing by synthesis using cleavable fluorescent nucleotide reversible terminators. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2006) 2.58
TRPC1, a human homolog of a Drosophila store-operated channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1995) 2.56
Single-molecule fluorescence detection: autocorrelation criterion and experimental realization with phycoerythrin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1989) 2.55
New dye-labeled terminators for improved DNA sequencing patterns. Nucleic Acids Res (1997) 2.55
Sequencing technologies and genome sequencing. J Appl Genet (2011) 2.52
A simple and rapid preparation of M13 sequencing templates for manual and automated dideoxy sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res (1987) 2.25
DNA sequencing: bench to bedside and beyond. Nucleic Acids Res (2007) 2.25
Persistent infection of macaques with simian-human immunodeficiency viruses. J Virol (1995) 2.22
Detection of single DNA base differences by competitive oligonucleotide priming. Nucleic Acids Res (1989) 2.14
Rapid p53 sequence analysis in primary lung cancer using an oligonucleotide probe array. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1999) 2.08
Population studies of methicillin-resistant and -sensitive Staphylococcus aureus strains reveal a lack of variability in the agrD gene, encoding a staphylococcal autoinducer peptide. J Bacteriol (2000) 2.05
Next-generation gap. Nat Methods (2009) 2.01
Continuous, on-line DNA sequencing using oligodeoxynucleotide primers with multiple fluorophores. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1988) 2.00
Genes in the HindIII J fragment of the murine cytomegalovirus genome are dispensable for growth in cultured cells: insertion mutagenesis with a lacZ/gpt cassette. J Virol (1994) 1.98
Novel polymorphisms in the myosin light chain kinase gene confer risk for acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol (2006) 1.88
Systems biology of innate immunity. Immunol Rev (2009) 1.87
Paternal origin of FGFR2 mutations in sporadic cases of Crouzon syndrome and Pfeiffer syndrome. Am J Hum Genet (2000) 1.85
Trans-Pacific migrations of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) demonstrated with mitochondrial DNA markers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1995) 1.84
Patents in genomics and human genetics. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet (2010) 1.80
Cloning and regulation of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid biosynthesis. J Biol Chem (1990) 1.79
A strategy for high-volume sequencing of cosmid DNAs: random and directed priming with a library of oligonucleotides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1989) 1.79
Expression cloning of a cDNA for human leukotriene C4 synthase, an integral membrane protein conjugating reduced glutathione to leukotriene A4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1994) 1.79
Primary structure of rat cardiac beta-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors obtained by automated DNA sequence analysis: further evidence for a multigene family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1987) 1.70
FGFR2 exon IIIa and IIIc mutations in Crouzon, Jackson-Weiss, and Pfeiffer syndromes: evidence for missense changes, insertions, and a deletion due to alternative RNA splicing. Am J Hum Genet (1996) 1.70
Four-color DNA sequencing with 3'-O-modified nucleotide reversible terminators and chemically cleavable fluorescent dideoxynucleotides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2008) 1.64
Radiative decay engineering: the role of photonic mode density in biotechnology. J Phys D Appl Phys (2003) 1.64
Photocleavable fluorescent nucleotides for DNA sequencing on a chip constructed by site-specific coupling chemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2004) 1.55
Expression cloning and regulation of steroid 5 alpha-reductase, an enzyme essential for male sexual differentiation. J Biol Chem (1989) 1.52
Existing and emerging technologies for tumor genomic profiling. J Clin Oncol (2013) 1.52
A class VI unconventional myosin is associated with a homologue of a microtubule-binding protein, cytoplasmic linker protein-170, in neurons and at the posterior pole of Drosophila embryos. J Cell Biol (1998) 1.52
On the nature and use of randomly amplified DNA from Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol (1996) 1.51
High speed DNA sequencing by capillary electrophoresis. Nucleic Acids Res (1990) 1.51
Techniques used to characterize the gut microbiota: a guide for the clinician. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol (2012) 1.51
Capillary gel electrophoresis for rapid, high resolution DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res (1990) 1.51
Four-color DNA sequencing by synthesis on a chip using photocleavable fluorescent nucleotides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2005) 1.47
T7 DNA polymerase in automated dideoxy sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res (1988) 1.46
Solid phase DNA sequencing using the biotin-avidin system. Nucleic Acids Res (1988) 1.45
Arabidopsis TCH3 encodes a novel Ca2+ binding protein and shows environmentally induced and tissue-specific regulation. Plant Cell (1994) 1.44
Incorporation of reporter molecule-labeled nucleotides by DNA polymerases. II. High-density labeling of natural DNA. Nucleic Acids Res (2003) 1.39
Cloning and expression of a mammalian peptide chain release factor with sequence similarity to tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1990) 1.38
DNA sequence and mutational analysis of genes involved in the production and resistance of the antibiotic peptide trifolitoxin. J Bacteriol (1993) 1.36
Different Trypanosoma brucei guide RNA molecules associate with an identical complement of mitochondrial proteins in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res (1994) 1.34
Design and synthesis of a 3'-O-allyl photocleavable fluorescent nucleotide as a reversible terminator for DNA sequencing by synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2005) 1.34
DNA sequencing using biotinylated dideoxynucleotides and mass spectrometry. Nucleic Acids Res (2001) 1.31
An adaptive, object oriented strategy for base calling in DNA sequence analysis. Nucleic Acids Res (1993) 1.28
New energy transfer dyes for DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res (1997) 1.27
Genotyping-by-Sequencing in Plants. Biology (Basel) (2012) 1.25
Neighboring nucleotide interactions during DNA sequencing gel electrophoresis. Nucleic Acids Res (1991) 1.24
The synthesis of protected 5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyribonucleoside-3'-O-phosphoramidites; applications of 5'-amino-oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res (1987) 1.23
Simple, robust methods for high-throughput nanoliter-scale DNA sequencing. Genome Res (2005) 1.23
Interaction between two putative glycosyltransferases is required for glycosylation of a serine-rich streptococcal adhesin. J Bacteriol (2007) 1.22
Pathogenesis of murine enterovirus myocarditis: virus dissemination and immune cell targets. J Virol (1996) 1.22
Cassette labeling for facile construction of energy transfer fluorescent primers. Nucleic Acids Res (1996) 1.21
Microfluidic device reads up to four consecutive base pairs in DNA sequencing-by-synthesis. Nucleic Acids Res (2004) 1.21
Direct genomic fluorescent on-line sequencing and analysis using in vitro amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res (1989) 1.17
Sequence analysis of 56 kb from the genome of the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae comprising the dnaA region, the atp operon and a cluster of ribosomal protein genes. Nucleic Acids Res (1996) 1.17
Sequences and characterization of hupU and hupV genes of Bradyrhizobium japonicum encoding a possible nickel-sensing complex involved in hydrogenase expression. J Bacteriol (1994) 1.16
Characterization of a chromosomal gene encoding type B beta-lactamase in phage group II isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (1998) 1.16
H626R and R124C mutations of the TGFBI (BIGH3) gene caused lattice corneal dystrophy in Vietnamese people. Br J Ophthalmol (2003) 1.14
HCC-1, a novel chemokine from human plasma. J Exp Med (1996) 1.13
A photocleavable fluorescent nucleotide for DNA sequencing and analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2003) 1.13
Experimental evidence for the origin of ductal-type adenocarcinoma from the islets of Langerhans. Am J Pathol (1997) 1.12
Enzymatic multiplex DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res (1991) 1.12
HCC-2, a human chemokine: gene structure, expression pattern, and biological activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1998) 1.12
Specific-primer-directed DNA sequencing using automated fluorescence detection. Nucleic Acids Res (1989) 1.12
Identifying Fishes through DNA Barcodes and Microarrays. PLoS One (2010) 1.11
Non-radioactive automated sequencing of oligonucleotides by chemical degradation. Nucleic Acids Res (1988) 1.11
Enzymatic properties of a novel liquefying alpha-amylase from an alkaliphilic Bacillus isolate and entire nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Appl Environ Microbiol (1998) 1.11
The preparation and application of functionalised synthetic oligonucleotides: III. Use of H-phosphonate derivatives of protected amino-hexanol and mercapto-propanol or -hexanol. Nucleic Acids Res (1988) 1.11
A review of methods for detect human Papillomavirus infection. Virol J (2012) 1.09
Altered expression of ALDP in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Am J Hum Genet (1995) 1.08
Serine-1321-independent regulation of the mu 1 adult skeletal muscle Na+ channel by protein kinase C. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1995) 1.07
Detection of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I proviral DNA and its gene expression in synovial cells in chronic inflammatory arthropathy. J Clin Invest (1991) 1.07
RIC, a calmodulin-binding Ras-like GTPase. EMBO J (1996) 1.07
The 13-kD FK506 binding protein, FKBP13, interacts with a novel homologue of the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeletal protein 4.1. J Cell Biol (1998) 1.06
Detection of single base changes in nucleic acids. Biochem J (1989) 1.05
The effect of next-generation sequencing technology on complex trait research. Eur J Clin Invest (2010) 1.04
Imaging of DNA sequences with chemiluminescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1990) 1.04
Systems biology: the next frontier for bioinformatics. Adv Bioinformatics (2011) 1.04
The ORFeome of Staphylococcus aureus v 1.1. BMC Genomics (2008) 1.03
DNA sequencing by CE. Electrophoresis (2009) 1.02
3'-O-modified nucleotides as reversible terminators for pyrosequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2007) 1.01
Photocleavage of a 2-nitrobenzyl linker bridging a fluorophore to the 5' end of DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2003) 1.00
The sequence of the human genome. Science (2001) 101.55
A gas-liquid solid phase peptide and protein sequenator. J Biol Chem (1981) 15.73
Isolation of microgram quantities of proteins from polyacrylamide gels for amino acid sequence analysis. Methods Enzymol (1983) 12.78
Synthesis of proteins by native chemical ligation. Science (1994) 10.98
Simian sarcoma virus onc gene, v-sis, is derived from the gene (or genes) encoding a platelet-derived growth factor. Science (1983) 9.06
A cellular gene encodes scrapie PrP 27-30 protein. Cell (1985) 8.86
Routine versus clinically driven laboratory monitoring of HIV antiretroviral therapy in Africa (DART): a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet (2009) 7.96
Internal amino acid sequence analysis of proteins separated by one- or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after in situ protease digestion on nitrocellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1987) 7.53
Conserved folding in retroviral proteases: crystal structure of a synthetic HIV-1 protease. Science (1989) 7.15
Syndromic management of sexually-transmitted infections and behaviour change interventions on transmission of HIV-1 in rural Uganda: a community randomised trial. Lancet (2003) 6.77
Allelic discrimination by nick-translation PCR with fluorogenic probes. Nucleic Acids Res (1993) 6.33
The molecular genetics of the T-cell antigen receptor and T-cell antigen recognition. Annu Rev Immunol (1986) 6.23
Purification and structural studies of a major scrapie prion protein. Cell (1984) 5.98
In situ neutralization in Boc-chemistry solid phase peptide synthesis. Rapid, high yield assembly of difficult sequences. Int J Pept Protein Res (1993) 5.82
Retinoblastoma: biology, presentation, and current management. Oncology (Williston Park) (1989) 5.72
Testing for differentially-expressed genes by maximum-likelihood analysis of microarray data. J Comput Biol (2000) 5.52
High-sensitivity sequencing with a gas-phase sequenator. Methods Enzymol (1983) 5.36
Direct fluorescence analysis of genetic polymorphisms by hybridization with oligonucleotide arrays on glass supports. Nucleic Acids Res (1994) 4.77
Analysis of phenylthiohydantoins by ultrasensitive gradient high-performance liquid chromatography. Methods Enzymol (1983) 4.60
Specific-primer-directed DNA sequencing. Anal Biochem (1986) 4.31
Structure, organization and polymorphism of murine and human T-cell receptor alpha and beta chain gene families. Immunol Rev (1988) 4.23
Direct microsequence analysis of polypeptides using an improved sequenator, a nonprotein carrier (polybrene), and high pressure liquid chromatography. Biochemistry (1978) 4.10
The nucleotide sequence of poliovirus type 3 leon 12 a1b: comparison with poliovirus type 1. Nucleic Acids Res (1983) 4.06
The conserved SOCS box motif in suppressors of cytokine signaling binds to elongins B and C and may couple bound proteins to proteasomal degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1999) 3.91
Synthesis of native proteins by chemical ligation. Annu Rev Biochem (2000) 3.81
Quantitative monitoring of solid-phase peptide synthesis by the ninhydrin reaction. Anal Biochem (1981) 3.70
DNA sequences mediating class switching in alpha-immunoglobulins. Science (1980) 3.70
The synthesis of oligonucleotides containing an aliphatic amino group at the 5' terminus: synthesis of fluorescent DNA primers for use in DNA sequence analysis. Nucleic Acids Res (1985) 3.63
Rat transforming growth factor type 1: structure and relation to epidermal growth factor. Science (1984) 3.62
Acetylcholine receptor: complex of homologous subunits. Science (1980) 3.45
Large-scale and automated DNA sequence determination. Science (1991) 3.45
Complete genomic sequence and analysis of the prion protein gene region from three mammalian species. Genome Res (1998) 3.44
Electroblotting onto activated glass. High efficiency preparation of proteins from analytical sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels for direct sequence analysis. J Biol Chem (1986) 3.33
ABO incompatible renal transplantation without antibody removal using conventional immunosuppression alone. Am J Transplant (2014) 3.29
Transforming growth factors produced by retrovirus-transformed rodent fibroblasts and human melanoma cells: amino acid sequence homology with epidermal growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1983) 3.21
Incidence, correlates and predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder in the pregnancy after stillbirth. Br J Psychiatry (2001) 3.14
Identification and chemical synthesis of a host cell receptor binding site on hepatitis B virus. Cell (1986) 3.11
Total chemical synthesis of a D-enzyme: the enantiomers of HIV-1 protease show reciprocal chiral substrate specificity [corrected]. Science (1992) 3.00
Developmentally controlled expression of immunoglobulin VH genes. Science (1985) 2.96
Ataxia in prion protein (PrP)-deficient mice is associated with upregulation of the novel PrP-like protein doppel. J Mol Biol (1999) 2.92
Human fibroblast interferon: amino acid analysis and amino terminal amino acid sequence. Science (1980) 2.77
Amino acid sequence of a mouse immunoglobulin mu chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1979) 2.74
Structure of complex of synthetic HIV-1 protease with a substrate-based inhibitor at 2.3 A resolution. Science (1989) 2.74
DNA sequencing with dye-labeled terminators and T7 DNA polymerase: effect of dyes and dNTPs on incorporation of dye-terminators and probability analysis of termination fragments. Nucleic Acids Res (1992) 2.71
A universal method for the direct cloning of PCR amplified nucleic acid. Biotechnology (N Y) (1991) 2.60
Diversity and structure of genes of the alpha family of mouse T-cell antigen receptor. Nature (1985) 2.50
Purification and properties of the cellular and scrapie hamster prion proteins. Eur J Biochem (1988) 2.35
Maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis with oral preparation of 5-aminosalicylic acid. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) (1982) 2.32
Determination of Indole-3-acetic Acid in Douglas Fir Using a Deuterated Analog and Selected Ion Monitoring: Comparison of Microquantities in Seedling and Adult Tree. Plant Physiol (1978) 2.26
Location and chemical synthesis of a binding site for HIV-1 on the CD4 protein. Science (1988) 2.24
Antibodies bound to lipid haptens in model membranes diffuse as rapidly as the lipids themselves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1979) 2.24
The nucleotide sequence of a human immunoglobulin C gamma1 gene. Nucleic Acids Res (1982) 2.20
Enhanced immunogenicity of the pre-S region of hepatitis B surface antigen. Science (1985) 2.18
DNA computing on surfaces. Nature (2000) 2.11
Characterization of cloned cDNA representing rat myelin basic protein: absence of expression in brain of shiverer mutant mice. Cell (1983) 2.02
Total chemical synthesis of the integral membrane protein influenza A virus M2: role of its C-terminal domain in tetramer assembly. Biochemistry (1999) 2.02
Hepatitis B virus contains pre-S gene-encoded domains. Nature (1985) 2.02
Enzymatic activity of a synthetic 99 residue protein corresponding to the putative HIV-1 protease. Cell (1988) 2.01
Weighing naked proteins: practical, high-accuracy mass measurement of peptides and proteins. Science (1992) 2.01
An investigation of risk factors for symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee in women using a life course approach. J Epidemiol Community Health (2003) 1.99
Basal nitric oxide synthesis in essential hypertension. Lancet (1997) 1.92
Automated chemical synthesis of a protein growth factor for hemopoietic cells, interleukin-3. Science (1986) 1.84
Treatment of head lice. BMJ (2001) 1.80
Labour and birth in water in England and Wales. BMJ (1995) 1.79
Lateral distribution and diffusion of the C3b receptor of complement, HLA antigens, and lipid probes in peripheral blood leukocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1980) 1.78
New protein sequenator with increased sensitivity. Science (1980) 1.77
Conserved cysteine and histidine residues of the avian myeloblastosis virus nucleocapsid protein are essential for viral replication but are not "zinc-binding fingers". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1988) 1.76
Immune response to the pre-S(1) region of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg): a pre-S(1)-specific T cell response can bypass nonresponsiveness to the pre-S(2) and S regions of HBsAg. J Immunol (1986) 1.73
Genetic analysis by peptide nucleic acid affinity MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Nat Biotechnol (1997) 1.71
Antibodies to a synthetic peptide from the preS 120-145 region of the hepatitis B virus envelope are virus neutralizing. Vaccine (1986) 1.68
Human immune response to multiple injections of murine monoclonal IgG. J Immunol (1985) 1.68
Protein ladder sequencing. Science (1993) 1.66
Identification of a novel retroviral gene unique to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus SIVMAC. J Virol (1988) 1.66
Amino terminal sequence of the major component of human lymphoblastoid interferon. Science (1980) 1.66
Mutational analysis of a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 response element for RNA trafficking. J Biol Chem (1999) 1.65
Differences between liver gap junction protein and lens MIP 26 from rat: implications for tissue specificity of gap junctions. Cell (1983) 1.65
DNA sequence of the mouse H-2Dd transplantation antigen gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1985) 1.65
Lateral diffusion of M-13 coat protein in mixtures of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Biochemistry (1980) 1.65
Long-range sequence analysis in Xq28: thirteen known and six candidate genes in 219.4 kb of high GC DNA between the RCP/GCP and G6PD loci. Hum Mol Genet (1996) 1.65
Location and chemical synthesis of a pre-S gene coded immunodominant epitope of hepatitis B virus. Science (1984) 1.63
Controlling charge states of large ions. Science (1999) 1.61
A genetic register for von Hippel-Lindau disease. J Med Genet (1996) 1.61
Microcontaminants and reproductive impairment of the Forster's tern on Green Bay, Lake Michigan--1983. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol (1989) 1.60
Formation of non-amidine products in the reaction of primary amines with imido esters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1975) 1.60
Chromosomal proteins of Drosophila embryos. Biochemistry (1973) 1.57
Formation of non-amidine products in the chemical modification of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase with imido esters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1975) 1.55
Constructing proteins by dovetailing unprotected synthetic peptides: backbone-engineered HIV protease. Science (1992) 1.54
OPG/FDCR-1, a TNF receptor family member, is expressed in lymphoid cells and is up-regulated by ligating CD40. J Immunol (1998) 1.54
Isolation and structure of pro-somatostatin: a putative somatostatin precursor from pig hypothalamus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1980) 1.54
Enhanced discrimination of single nucleotide polymorphisms by artificial mismatch hybridization. Nat Biotechnol (1997) 1.53
Breast cancer after mantle irradiation for Hodgkin's disease: correlation of clinical, pathologic, and molecular features including loss of heterozygosity at BRCA1 and BRCA2. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys (2001) 1.53
High-speed separations of DNA sequencing reactions by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chem (1990) 1.52