1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is an irreversible inhibitor of human thioredoxin reductase. Loss of thioredoxin disulfide reductase activity is accompanied by a large increase in NADPH oxidase activity.

PubWeight™: 1.64‹?› | Rank: Top 3%

🔗 View Article (PMID 7876079)

Published in J Biol Chem on February 24, 1995

Authors

E S Arnér1, M Björnstedt, A Holmgren

Author Affiliations

1: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Articles citing this

Mammalian thioredoxin is a direct inhibitor of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) 1. EMBO J (1998) 9.36

Regulated protein denitrosylation by cytosolic and mitochondrial thioredoxins. Science (2008) 4.51

Thioredoxin reductase. Biochem J (2000) 3.47

Antigen-presenting dendritic cells provide the reducing extracellular microenvironment required for T lymphocyte activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2002) 2.35

Selenocysteine, identified as the penultimate C-terminal residue in human T-cell thioredoxin reductase, corresponds to TGA in the human placental gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1996) 2.33

Structure and mechanism of mammalian thioredoxin reductase: the active site is a redox-active selenolthiol/selenenylsulfide formed from the conserved cysteine-selenocysteine sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2000) 1.89

Oxidation state governs structural transitions in peroxiredoxin II that correlate with cell cycle arrest and recovery. J Cell Biol (2006) 1.84

Redox control of resistance to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP): protective effect of human thioredoxin against CDDP-induced cytotoxicity. J Clin Invest (1996) 1.44

Thioredoxin reductase-2 is essential for keeping low levels of H(2)O(2) emission from isolated heart mitochondria. J Biol Chem (2011) 1.35

Proteomic detection of hydrogen peroxide-sensitive thiol proteins in Jurkat cells. Biochem J (2005) 1.22

Glutathione-dependent reductive stress triggers mitochondrial oxidation and cytotoxicity. FASEB J (2011) 1.16

IkappaB is a sensitive target for oxidation by cell-permeable chloramines: inhibition of NF-kappaB activity by glycine chloramine through methionine oxidation. Biochem J (2006) 1.10

A redox-dependent mechanism for regulation of AMPK activation by Thioredoxin1 during energy starvation. Cell Metab (2014) 1.03

Thioredoxin reductase regulates the induction of haem oxygenase-1 expression in aortic endothelial cells. Biochem J (2006) 1.02

TrxR1 as a Potent Regulator of the Nrf2-Keap1 Response System. Antioxid Redox Signal (2015) 0.90

The selenium-independent inherent pro-oxidant NADPH oxidase activity of mammalian thioredoxin reductase and its selenium-dependent direct peroxidase activities. J Biol Chem (2010) 0.90

Endogenously produced nitric oxide mitigates sensitivity of melanoma cells to cisplatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2012) 0.90

Thioredoxin reductase and its inhibitors. Curr Protein Pept Sci (2014) 0.89

The effects of acrolein on peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins, and thioredoxin reductase in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicology (2008) 0.89

The effects of hexavalent chromium on thioredoxin reductase and peroxiredoxins in human bronchial epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med (2009) 0.89

In vitro treatment of human transforming growth factor-beta1-treated monocyte-derived dendritic cells with haptens can induce the phenotypic and functional changes similar to epidermal Langerhans cells in the initiation phase of allergic contact sensitivity reaction. Immunology (2000) 0.88

Increased reactive oxygen species production during reductive stress: The roles of mitochondrial glutathione and thioredoxin reductases. Biochim Biophys Acta (2015) 0.86

Caspase-1-mediated pathway promotes generation of thromboinflammatory microparticles. J Clin Invest (2015) 0.86

The effects of acrolein on the thioredoxin system: implications for redox-sensitive signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res (2011) 0.86

Simple chemicals can induce maturation and apoptosis of dendritic cells. Immunology (1999) 0.85

Selective targeting of selenocysteine in thioredoxin reductase by the half mustard 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide in lung epithelial cells. Chem Res Toxicol (2010) 0.84

Respiratory substrates regulate S-nitrosylation of mitochondrial proteins through a thiol-dependent pathway. Chem Res Toxicol (2014) 0.82

The effects of chromium(VI) on the thioredoxin system: implications for redox regulation. Free Radic Biol Med (2012) 0.81

Substrate specificity of the mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. Parasitol Res (2010) 0.81

The conserved redox-sensitive cysteine residue of the DNA-binding region in the c-Rel protein is involved in the regulation of the phosphorylation of the protein. Biochem J (2000) 0.81

Targeting Thioredoxin Reductase by Parthenolide Contributes to Inducing Apoptosis of HeLa Cells. J Biol Chem (2016) 0.81

Redox effects and cytotoxic profiles of MJ25 and auranofin towards malignant melanoma cells. Oncotarget (2015) 0.80

Role of early- or late-phase activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase induced by tumour necrosis factor-alpha or 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene during maturation of murine dendritic cells. Immunology (2003) 0.78

Oxidative stress in mammalian cells impinges on the cysteines redox state of human XRCC3 protein and on its cellular localization. PLoS One (2013) 0.78

Mitochondrial Thioredoxin System as a Modulator of Cyclophilin D Redox State. Sci Rep (2016) 0.77

Cyclophosphamide-evoked heart failure involves pronounced co-suppression of cytoplasmic thioredoxin reductase activity and non-protein free thiol level. Eur J Heart Fail (2009) 0.77

Thioredoxin reductase activity may be more important than GSH level in protecting human lens epithelial cells against UVA light. Photochem Photobiol (2015) 0.76

Metformin Impairs Spatial Memory and Visual Acuity in Old Male Mice. Aging Dis (2017) 0.75

Articles by these authors

Thioredoxin. Annu Rev Biochem (1985) 9.82

Physiological functions of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Eur J Biochem (2000) 7.25

Thioredoxin catalyzes the reduction of insulin disulfides by dithiothreitol and dihydrolipoamide. J Biol Chem (1979) 5.02

Thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Methods Enzymol (1995) 4.06

The role of the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin pathways in reducing protein disulfide bonds in the Escherichia coli cytoplasm. J Biol Chem (1997) 3.42

Role of thioredoxin in the response of normal and transformed cells to histone deacetylase inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2005) 3.20

Rat liver thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase: purification and characterization. Biochemistry (1982) 2.93

Bronchial hyperreactivity to prostaglandin F 2 and histamine in patients with asthma. Br Med J (1973) 2.65

Three-dimensional structure of Escherichia coli thioredoxin-S2 to 2.8 A resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1975) 2.53

Hydrogen donor system for Escherichia coli ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase dependent upon glutathione. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1976) 2.52

Redox potentials of glutaredoxins and other thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases of the thioredoxin superfamily determined by direct protein-protein redox equilibria. J Biol Chem (1997) 2.33

Reduction of disulfides by thioredoxin. Exceptional reactivity of insulin and suggested functions of thioredoxin in mechanism of hormone action. J Biol Chem (1979) 2.31

Essential role of selenium in the catalytic activities of mammalian thioredoxin reductase revealed by characterization of recombinant enzymes with selenocysteine mutations. J Biol Chem (2000) 2.26

Thioredoxin. 6. The amino acid sequence of the protein from escherichia coli B. Eur J Biochem (1968) 2.23

Preparation and assay of mammalian thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Methods Enzymol (1999) 2.15

Differential reactivity of the functional sulfhydryl groups of cysteine-32 and cysteine-35 present in the reduced form of thioredoxin from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem (1980) 2.15

Structural and functional relations among thioredoxins of different species. Proteins (1991) 2.05

High-level expression in Escherichia coli of selenocysteine-containing rat thioredoxin reductase utilizing gene fusions with engineered bacterial-type SECIS elements and co-expression with the selA, selB and selC genes. J Mol Biol (1999) 1.96

Mimicking the active site of protein disulfide-isomerase by substitution of proline 34 in Escherichia coli thioredoxin. J Biol Chem (1991) 1.92

Structure and mechanism of mammalian thioredoxin reductase: the active site is a redox-active selenolthiol/selenenylsulfide formed from the conserved cysteine-selenocysteine sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2000) 1.89

S-nitrosoglutathione is cleaved by the thioredoxin system with liberation of glutathione and redox regulating nitric oxide. J Biol Chem (1996) 1.84

Thioredoxin, a redox enzyme released in infection and inflammation, is a unique chemoattractant for neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells. J Exp Med (1999) 1.84

Bovine thioredoxin system. Purification of thioredoxin reductase from calf liver and thymus and studies of its function in disulfide reduction. J Biol Chem (1977) 1.80

Three-dimensional structure of a mammalian thioredoxin reductase: implications for mechanism and evolution of a selenocysteine-dependent enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2001) 1.80

High-resolution solution structures of oxidized and reduced Escherichia coli thioredoxin. Structure (1994) 1.79

Two additional glutaredoxins exist in Escherichia coli: glutaredoxin 3 is a hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase in a thioredoxin/glutaredoxin 1 double mutant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1994) 1.77

Glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides. Characterization of the enzymatic mechanism of Escherichia coli glutaredoxin. J Biol Chem (1979) 1.69

Characterization of Escherichia coli NrdH. A glutaredoxin-like protein with a thioredoxin-like activity profile. J Biol Chem (1997) 1.69

Effects of buried charged groups on cysteine thiol ionization and reactivity in Escherichia coli thioredoxin: structural and functional characterization of mutants of Asp 26 and Lys 57. Biochemistry (1997) 1.67

Cloning and expression of a novel human glutaredoxin (Grx2) with mitochondrial and nuclear isoforms. J Biol Chem (2001) 1.63

Transcriptional regulation of glutaredoxin and thioredoxin pathways and related enzymes in response to oxidative stress. J Biol Chem (2000) 1.59

Structural and functional characterization of the mutant Escherichia coli glutaredoxin (C14----S) and its mixed disulfide with glutathione. Biochemistry (1992) 1.56

Tryptophan fluorescence study of conformational transitions of the oxidized and reduced form of thioredoxin. J Biol Chem (1972) 1.52

Protein disulfide-isomerase is a substrate for thioredoxin reductase and has thioredoxin-like activity. J Biol Chem (1990) 1.51

Determination of the reduction-oxidation potential of the thioredoxin-like domains of protein disulfide-isomerase from the equilibrium with glutathione and thioredoxin. Biochemistry (1993) 1.49

Expression analysis of the nrdHIEF operon from Escherichia coli. Conditions that trigger the transcript level in vivo. J Biol Chem (2001) 1.49

Glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides. Purification and characterization of glutaredoxin from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem (1979) 1.47

Three-dimensional solution structure of the reduced form of Escherichia coli thioredoxin determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biochemistry (1990) 1.46

Human thioredoxin reductase directly reduces lipid hydroperoxides by NADPH and selenocystine strongly stimulates the reaction via catalytically generated selenols. J Biol Chem (1995) 1.45

Conformational and functional similarities between glutaredoxin and thioredoxins. EMBO J (1984) 1.44

A Pro to His mutation in active site of thioredoxin increases its disulfide-isomerase activity 10-fold. New refolding systems for reduced or randomly oxidized ribonuclease. J Biol Chem (1992) 1.44

Rat and calf thioredoxin reductase are homologous to glutathione reductase with a carboxyl-terminal elongation containing a conserved catalytically active penultimate selenocysteine residue. J Biol Chem (1998) 1.42

The thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems are efficient electron donors to human plasma glutathione peroxidase. J Biol Chem (1994) 1.40

Isolation and characterization of calf liver thioredoxin. J Biol Chem (1974) 1.39

Thioredoxin or glutaredoxin in Escherichia coli is essential for sulfate reduction but not for deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. J Bacteriol (1990) 1.35

Thiroedoxin from Escherichia coli. Radioimmunological and enzymatic determinations in wild type cells and mutants defective in phage T7 DNA replication. J Biol Chem (1978) 1.35

Thioredoxin 2: cleavage with cyanogen bromide. Eur J Biochem (1967) 1.34

Selenite is a substrate for calf thymus thioredoxin reductase and thioredoxin and elicits a large non-stoichiometric oxidation of NADPH in the presence of oxygen. Eur J Biochem (1992) 1.31

Analysis of the inhibition of mammalian thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and glutaredoxin by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and its major metabolite, the glutathione-platinum complex. Free Radic Biol Med (2001) 1.30

Enzymatic reduction-oxidation of protein disulfides by thioredoxin. Methods Enzymol (1984) 1.29

Cloning, overexpression, and characterization of glutaredoxin 2, an atypical glutaredoxin from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem (1997) 1.28

Proof that the endogenous, heat-stable glucocorticoid receptor-activating factor is thioredoxin. J Biol Chem (1985) 1.25

Proton sharing between cysteine thiols in Escherichia coli thioredoxin: implications for the mechanism of protein disulfide reduction. Biochemistry (1995) 1.25

Reactivity of glutaredoxins 1, 2, and 3 from Escherichia coli shows that glutaredoxin 2 is the primary hydrogen donor to ArsC-catalyzed arsenate reduction. J Biol Chem (1999) 1.25

The primary structure of Escherichia coli glutaredoxin. Distant homology with thioredoxins in a superfamily of small proteins with a redox-active cystine disulfide/cysteine dithiol. Eur J Biochem (1983) 1.23

Thioredoxin and related proteins in procaryotes. FEMS Microbiol Rev (1988) 1.23

Tissue distrubution and subcellular localization of bovine thioredoxin determined by radioimmunoassay. Biochemistry (1978) 1.21

Regulation of ribonucleotide reductase. Curr Top Cell Regul (1981) 1.21

Glutathione-dependent hydrogen donor system for calf thymus ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1979) 1.21

Mutagenesis of structural half-cystine residues in human thioredoxin and effects on the regulation of activity by selenodiglutathione. Biochemistry (1993) 1.20

Mammalian thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly inhibited by dinitrohalobenzenes by alkylation of both the redox active selenocysteine and its neighboring cysteine residue. J Biol Chem (1998) 1.20

Widespread expression of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res (2001) 1.20

The in vivo distribution of oxidized and reduced thioredoxin in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem (1982) 1.20

Selenodiglutathione is a highly efficient oxidant of reduced thioredoxin and a substrate for mammalian thioredoxin reductase. J Biol Chem (1992) 1.19

Efficient reduction of lipoamide and lipoic acid by mammalian thioredoxin reductase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1996) 1.18

Reconstitution of Escherichia coli thioredoxin from complementing peptide fragments obtained by cleavage at methionine-37 or arginine-73. J Biol Chem (1975) 1.18

Immunochemistry of thioredoxin. I. Preparation and cross-reactivity of antibodies against thioredoxin from Escherichia coli and bacteriophage T4. J Biol Chem (1972) 1.18

Studies on the structure of T4 thioredoxin. II. Amino acid sequence of the protein and comparison with thioredoxin from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem (1972) 1.16

Picosecond tryptophan fluorescence of thioredoxin: evidence for discrete species in slow exchange. Biochemistry (1989) 1.16

Thioredoxin. A localized conformational change accompanying reduction of the protein to the sulfhydryl form. Biochemistry (1967) 1.16

The levels of ribonucleotide reductase, thioredoxin, glutaredoxin 1, and GSH are balanced in Escherichia coli K12. J Biol Chem (1996) 1.15

New thioredoxins and glutaredoxins as electron donors of 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate reductase. J Biol Chem (1999) 1.15

Immunohistochemical localization of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase in adult rats. Eur J Cell Biol (1985) 1.15

Glutaredoxin from calf thymus. Purification to homogeneity. J Biol Chem (1982) 1.14

In vivo transcription of nrdAB operon and of grxA and fpg genes is triggered in Escherichia coli lacking both thioredoxin and glutaredoxin 1 or thioredoxin and glutathione, respectively. J Biol Chem (1998) 1.13

Possible involvement of thioredoxin reductase as well as thioredoxin in cellular sensitivity to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II). Free Radic Biol Med (1999) 1.13

Electric chips for rapid detection and quantification of nucleic acids. Biosens Bioelectron (2004) 1.12

Construction and characterization of glutaredoxin-negative mutants of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1988) 1.11

Reduction of purothionin by the wheat seed thioredoxin system. Plant Physiol (1987) 1.11

NMR structure of Escherichia coli glutaredoxin 3-glutathione mixed disulfide complex: implications for the enzymatic mechanism. J Mol Biol (1999) 1.11

A conformational study of thioredoxin and its tryptic fragments. J Biol Chem (1981) 1.11

Calcium-binding properties of bovine factor X lacking the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing region. J Biol Chem (1984) 1.11

Sequence-specific 1H n.m.r. assignments and determination of the three-dimensional structure of reduced Escherichia coli glutaredoxin. J Mol Biol (1991) 1.11

Chronic elevation of plasma thioredoxin: inhibition of chemotaxis and curtailment of life expectancy in AIDS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2001) 1.11

Measurement of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Curr Protoc Toxicol (2001) 1.11

Selenium and the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems. Biomed Environ Sci (1997) 1.10

Enzymatic synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides, 8. The effects of ATP and dATP in the CDP reductase system from E. coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1965) 1.10

Immunoelectron microscopic localization of glutaredoxin and thioredoxin in Escherichia coli cells. FEBS Lett (1981) 1.10

Substitution of the conserved tryptophan 31 in Escherichia coli thioredoxin by site-directed mutagenesis and structure-function analysis. J Biol Chem (1991) 1.10

Comparison of backbone and tryptophan side-chain dynamics of reduced and oxidized Escherichia coli thioredoxin using 15N NMR relaxation measurements. Biochemistry (1993) 1.09

Measurements of plasma glutaredoxin and thioredoxin in healthy volunteers and during open-heart surgery. Free Radic Biol Med (1998) 1.09

Solution structure of Escherichia coli glutaredoxin-2 shows similarity to mammalian glutathione-S-transferases. J Mol Biol (2001) 1.09

Elevation of plasma thioredoxin levels in HIV-infected individuals. Int Immunol (1996) 1.08

NMR structure of oxidized Escherichia coli glutaredoxin: comparison with reduced E. coli glutaredoxin and functionally related proteins. Protein Sci (1992) 1.08

Direct NMR observation of the Cys-14 thiol proton of reduced Escherichia coli glutaredoxin-3 supports the presence of an active site thiol-thiolate hydrogen bond. FEBS Lett (1999) 1.07

Relative contributions of thioltransferase-and thioredoxin-dependent systems in reduction of low-molecular-mass and protein disulphides. Biochem J (1983) 1.06

On the variation of D-LCO with increasing oxygen uptake during exercise in healthy ordinarily untrained young men and women. Acta Physiol Scand (1965) 1.06