Published in EMBO J on November 02, 1998
Human TLR9 confers responsiveness to bacterial DNA via species-specific CpG motif recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2001) 5.02
RNA-associated autoantigens activate B cells by combined B cell antigen receptor/Toll-like receptor 7 engagement. J Exp Med (2005) 4.85
A cell biological view of Toll-like receptor function: regulation through compartmentalization. Nat Rev Immunol (2009) 4.19
The ectodomain of Toll-like receptor 9 is cleaved to generate a functional receptor. Nature (2008) 3.93
Human lupus autoantibody-DNA complexes activate DCs through cooperation of CD32 and TLR9. J Clin Invest (2005) 3.93
Patterns of pathogenesis: discrimination of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbes by the innate immune system. Cell Host Microbe (2009) 3.86
Noncanonical autophagy is required for type I interferon secretion in response to DNA-immune complexes. Immunity (2012) 2.69
HIV-1-infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells do not undergo maturation but can elicit IL-10 production and T cell regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2004) 2.38
Intracellular recognition of lipopolysaccharide by toll-like receptor 4 in intestinal epithelial cells. J Exp Med (2003) 2.05
Innate sensing of viruses by toll-like receptors. J Virol (2004) 1.70
Negative regulation of signaling by a soluble form of toll-like receptor 9. Eur J Immunol (2011) 1.66
Involvement of the Toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway in the induction of innate immunity by baculovirus. J Virol (2005) 1.64
Chloroquine and inhibition of Toll-like receptor 9 protect from sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol (2008) 1.59
Activation of antigen-presenting cells by microbial products breaks self tolerance and induces autoimmune disease. J Clin Invest (2004) 1.57
Involvement of ERK, p38 and NF-kappaB signal transduction in regulation of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 gene expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse dendritic cells. Immunology (2002) 1.53
CpG-induced tyrosine phosphorylation occurs via a TLR9-independent mechanism and is required for cytokine secretion. J Cell Biol (2006) 1.49
DEC-205 is a cell surface receptor for CpG oligonucleotides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2012) 1.29
Activation of toll-like receptor 9 by DNA from different bacterial species. Infect Immun (2006) 1.29
TLR9 traffics through the Golgi complex to localize to endolysosomes and respond to CpG DNA. Immunol Cell Biol (2008) 1.27
UNC93B1 is essential for TLR11 activation and IL-12-dependent host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii. J Biol Chem (2010) 1.25
A serine/threonine kinase, Cot/Tpl2, modulates bacterial DNA-induced IL-12 production and Th cell differentiation. J Clin Invest (2004) 1.24
DNA activates human immune cells through a CpG sequence-dependent manner. Immunology (1999) 1.23
Differential regulation of interleukin-12 p40 and p35 induction via Erk mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms and the implications for bioactive IL-12 and IL-23 responses. Immunology (2003) 1.23
TLR2 synergizes with both TLR4 and TLR9 for induction of the MyD88-dependent splenic cytokine and chemokine response to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cell Immunol (2007) 1.22
RNA:DNA hybrids are a novel molecular pattern sensed by TLR9. EMBO J (2014) 1.19
Toll-like receptor expression and induction of type I and type III interferons in primary airway epithelial cells. J Virol (2013) 1.18
Differential production of cytokines, reactive oxygen and nitrogen by bovine macrophages and dendritic cells stimulated with Toll-like receptor agonists. Immunology (2004) 1.17
How location governs toll-like receptor signaling. Traffic (2009) 1.16
Staphylococcus aureus induces type I IFN signaling in dendritic cells via TLR9. J Immunol (2012) 1.16
Heat shock protein 90α (Hsp90α) is phosphorylated in response to DNA damage and accumulates in repair foci. J Biol Chem (2012) 1.10
Hydroxychloroquine is associated with impaired interferon-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther (2012) 1.10
A20-binding inhibitor of NF-κB (ABIN1) controls Toll-like receptor-mediated CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β activation and protects from inflammatory disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2011) 1.08
Intracellular nucleic acid sensors and autoimmunity. J Interferon Cytokine Res (2011) 1.07
DNA from periodontopathogenic bacteria is immunostimulatory for mouse and human immune cells. Infect Immun (2003) 1.05
Hepatitis C virus is a weak inducer of interferon alpha in plasmacytoid dendritic cells in comparison with influenza and human herpesvirus type-1. PLoS One (2009) 1.05
Toll-like receptor 9 can be expressed at the cell surface of distinct populations of tonsils and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Infect Immun (2004) 1.03
Phosphodiester CpG oligonucleotides as adjuvants: polyguanosine runs enhance cellular uptake and improve immunostimulative activity of phosphodiester CpG oligonucleotides in vitro and in vivo. Immunology (2002) 1.03
Toll-like receptors in antiviral innate immunity. J Mol Biol (2013) 1.03
Classification, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic applications of inhibitory oligonucleotides for Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 9. Mediators Inflamm (2010) 1.01
Toll-like receptors as therapeutic targets for autoimmune connective tissue diseases. Pharmacol Ther (2013) 1.00
Activation of the immune system by bacterial CpG-DNA. Immunology (2002) 0.99
Characterization of suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides that inhibit Toll-like receptor-9-mediated activation of innate immunity. Immunology (2007) 0.98
CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides enhance T-cell receptor-triggered interferon-gamma production and up-regulation of CD69 via induction of antigen-presenting cell-derived interferon type I and interleukin-12. Immunology (2000) 0.98
CpG ODN activates NO and iNOS production in mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). Clin Exp Immunol (2002) 0.97
The effects of DNA containing CpG motif on dendritic cells. Immunology (2000) 0.96
A CpG-loaded tumor cell vaccine induces antitumor CD4+ T cells that are effective in adoptive therapy for large and established tumors. Blood (2010) 0.96
Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-kappaB in the regulation of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines by Porphyromonas gingivalis hemagglutinin B. Infect Immun (2005) 0.96
β2 integrin mediates hantavirus-induced release of neutrophil extracellular traps. J Exp Med (2014) 0.96
Production of antibodies with peptide-CpG-DNA-liposome complex without carriers. BMC Immunol (2011) 0.95
Use of locked nucleic acid oligonucleotides to add functionality to plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res (2003) 0.94
The role of the macrophage scavenger receptor in immune stimulation by bacterial DNA and synthetic oligonucleotides. Immunology (2001) 0.94
Electroporation-mediated transfer of plasmids to the lung results in reduced TLR9 signaling and inflammation. Gene Ther (2007) 0.94
The role of UNC93B1 protein in surface localization of TLR3 receptor and in cell priming to nucleic acid agonists. J Biol Chem (2012) 0.92
Distinct regulation of CD40-mediated interleukin-6 and interleukin-12 productions via mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappaB-inducing kinase in mature dendritic cells. Immunology (2006) 0.92
Influenza-induced production of interferon-alpha is defective in geriatric individuals. J Clin Immunol (2010) 0.91
Epithelial toll-like receptor 9 signaling in colorectal inflammation and cancer: clinico-pathogenic aspects. World J Gastroenterol (2013) 0.91
Poly-guanosine motifs costimulate antigen-reactive CD8 T cells while bacterial CpG-DNA affect T-cell activation via antigen-presenting cell-derived cytokines. Immunology (2000) 0.89
Signal transduction, gene transcription, and cytokine production triggered in macrophages by exposure to trypanosome DNA. Infect Immun (2006) 0.89
Induction of antigen cross-presentation by Toll-like receptors. Springer Semin Immunopathol (2004) 0.88
Toll-like receptors: potential targets for lupus treatment. Acta Pharmacol Sin (2015) 0.88
Pivotal role of ADP-ribosylation factor 6 in Toll-like receptor 9-mediated immune signaling. J Biol Chem (2011) 0.87
CpG DNA induces protective antiviral immune responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). J Virol (2003) 0.86
Restricted cytokine production from mouse peritoneal macrophages in culture in spite of extensive uptake of plasmid DNA. Immunology (2004) 0.86
Aspects of innate immunity and Parkinson's disease. Front Pharmacol (2012) 0.85
Single molecule in vivo analysis of toll-like receptor 9 and CpG DNA interaction. PLoS One (2011) 0.84
The antimalarial artemisinin synergizes with antibiotics to protect against lethal live Escherichia coli challenge by decreasing proinflammatory cytokine release. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2006) 0.84
Oral pretreatment of mice with CpG DNA reduces susceptibility to oral or intraperitoneal challenge with virulent Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun (2003) 0.83
CpG-ODN enhances ingestion of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages. Clin Exp Med (2008) 0.83
Nonclassical pathway of Pseudomonas aeruginosa DNA-induced interleukin-8 secretion in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. Infect Immun (2006) 0.82
The proteasome regulates bacterial CpG DNA-induced signaling pathways in murine macrophages. Shock (2010) 0.82
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit tumor growth and reverse the immunosuppression caused by the therapy with 5-fluorouracil in murine hepatoma. World J Gastroenterol (2005) 0.82
Inhibition of a C-rich oligodeoxynucleotide on activation of immune cells in vitro and enhancement of antibody response in mice. Immunology (2010) 0.81
Chloroquine Suppresses the Development of Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Am J Hypertens (2016) 0.80
Inhibition of p38 MAP kinase during cellular activation results in IFN-gamma-dependent augmentation of IL-12 production by human monocytes/macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol (2001) 0.80
DNA and its cationic lipid complexes induce CpG motif-dependent activation of murine dendritic cells. Immunology (2006) 0.80
The arthritogenic and immunostimulatory properties of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides rely on synergy between the activities of the nuclease-resistant backbone and CpG motifs. Inflammation (2004) 0.80
Synovial cytokine mRNA expression during arthritis triggered by CpG motifs of bacterial DNA. Arthritis Res (2000) 0.79
Deciphering the function of nucleic acid sensing TLRs one regulatory step at a time. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) (2011) 0.79
CpG-DNA derived from sera in systemic lupus erythematosus enhances ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cells. Ann Rheum Dis (2001) 0.79
PolyI:C-induced reduction in uptake of soluble antigen is independent of dendritic cell activation. Int Immunol (2009) 0.79
Virtual Screening Approaches towards the Discovery of Toll-Like Receptor Modulators. Int J Mol Sci (2016) 0.79
The effect of human immunodeficiency virus-1 on monocyte-derived dendritic cell maturation and function. Clin Exp Immunol (2012) 0.78
Association of self-DNA mediated TLR9-related gene, DNA methyltransferase, and cytokeratin protein expression alterations in HT29-cells to DNA fragment length and methylation status. ScientificWorldJournal (2013) 0.78
Phosphoinositide 3-kinaseγ controls the intracellular localization of CpG to limit DNA-PKcs-dependent IL-10 production in macrophages. PLoS One (2011) 0.78
Dectin-1 Controls TLR9 Trafficking to Phagosomes Containing β-1,3 Glucan. J Immunol (2016) 0.78
The influence of Ouabain on human dendritic cells maturation. Mediators Inflamm (2014) 0.77
Munc13-4 interacts with syntaxin 7 and regulates late endosomal maturation, endosomal signaling, and TLR9-initiated cellular responses. Mol Biol Cell (2015) 0.77
TLR9-mediated ARF6 activation is involved in advancing CpG ODN cellular uptake. Commun Integr Biol (2012) 0.76
Aggregation and secondary loop structure of oligonucleotides do not determine their ability to inhibit TLR9. Int Immunopharmacol (2011) 0.76
Small cationic DDA:TDB liposomes as protein vaccine adjuvants obviate the need for TLR agonists in inducing cellular and humoral responses. PLoS One (2012) 0.76
The effect of TLR9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotides on the intestinal immune response of cobia (Rachycentron canadum). J Immunol Res (2014) 0.76
TLR7 Gln11Leu single nucleotide polymorphism and susceptibility to cutaneous melanoma. Oncol Lett (2016) 0.75
Two Distinctive Phenotypes of AcMNPV Display Different Immune Abilities and Intracellular Destiny. PLoS One (2016) 0.75
H2-D(d)-mediated upregulation of interleukin-4 production by natural killer T-cell and dendritic cell interaction. Immunology (2008) 0.75
A possible cause of joint destruction in septic arthritis. Arthritis Res (1999) 0.75
Toll-Like Receptors, Hypertension, and an Antimalarial Drug. Am J Hypertens (2016) 0.75
Murine J774 macrophages recognize LPS/IFN-g, non-CpG DNA or two-CpG DNA-containing sequences as immunologically distinct. Nitric Oxide (2010) 0.75
Transient Surface CCR5 Expression by Naive CD8+ T Cells within Inflamed Lymph Nodes Is Dependent on High Endothelial Venule Interaction and Augments Th Cell-Dependent Memory Response. J Immunol (2016) 0.75
Engagement of the B cell receptor for antigen differentially affects B cell responses to Toll-like receptor-7 agonists and antagonists in BXSB mice. Clin Exp Immunol (2011) 0.75
CpG-rich islands and the function of DNA methylation. Nature (1986) 24.90
Generation of large numbers of dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow cultures supplemented with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Exp Med (1992) 22.13
CAT constructions with multiple unique restriction sites for the functional analysis of eukaryotic promoters and regulatory elements. Nucleic Acids Res (1987) 15.65
CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation. Nature (1995) 12.24
A protein kinase involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine biosynthesis. Nature (1995) 11.89
The stress-activated protein kinase subfamily of c-Jun kinases. Nature (1994) 11.45
A MAP kinase targeted by endotoxin and hyperosmolarity in mammalian cells. Science (1994) 10.99
Acidification of the endocytic and exocytic pathways. Annu Rev Biochem (1986) 10.90
Identification of an oncoprotein- and UV-responsive protein kinase that binds and potentiates the c-Jun activation domain. Genes Dev (1993) 10.01
SB 203580 is a specific inhibitor of a MAP kinase homologue which is stimulated by cellular stresses and interleukin-1. FEBS Lett (1995) 9.62
The regulation of AP-1 activity by mitogen-activated protein kinases. J Biol Chem (1995) 8.32
AP-1 function and regulation. Curr Opin Cell Biol (1997) 8.29
Phosphorylation of c-jun mediated by MAP kinases. Nature (1991) 8.07
Independent human MAP-kinase signal transduction pathways defined by MEK and MKK isoforms. Science (1995) 7.87
Transcription factor ATF2 regulation by the JNK signal transduction pathway. Science (1995) 7.37
Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, inhibits acidification and protein degradation in lysosomes of cultured cells. J Biol Chem (1991) 7.04
MKK3- and MKK6-regulated gene expression is mediated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway. Mol Cell Biol (1996) 6.91
Role of SAPK/ERK kinase-1 in the stress-activated pathway regulating transcription factor c-Jun. Nature (1995) 6.20
Inflammatory stimuli induce accumulation of MHC class II complexes on dendritic cells. Nature (1997) 5.80
Cloning of an NF-kappa B subunit which stimulates HIV transcription in synergy with p65. Nature (1991) 5.07
Oncogenic and transcriptional cooperation with Ha-Ras requires phosphorylation of c-Jun on serines 63 and 73. Nature (1991) 4.74
Identification of a dual specificity kinase that activates the Jun kinases and p38-Mpk2. Science (1995) 4.74
ATF-2 is preferentially activated by stress-activated protein kinases to mediate c-jun induction in response to genotoxic agents. EMBO J (1995) 4.28
Immunostimulatory DNA sequences function as T helper-1-promoting adjuvants. Nat Med (1997) 4.12
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides act as adjuvants that switch on T helper 1 (Th1) immunity. J Exp Med (1997) 4.06
ATF-2 contains a phosphorylation-dependent transcriptional activation domain. EMBO J (1995) 3.93
Immunostimulatory DNA sequences necessary for effective intradermal gene immunization. Science (1996) 3.82
Cytoplasmic vacuolation of mouse peritoneal macrophages and the uptake into lysosomes of weakly basic substances. J Cell Biol (1981) 3.56
The expected equilibrium of the CpG dinucleotide in vertebrate genomes under a mutation model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1990) 3.56
Bacterial DNA and immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides trigger maturation and activation of murine dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol (1998) 3.11
Regulation of interleukin 12 p40 expression through an NF-kappa B half-site. Mol Cell Biol (1995) 3.10
CpG DNA is a potent enhancer of specific immunity in mice immunized with recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen. J Immunol (1998) 2.93
Signal transduction by tumor necrosis factor mediated by JNK protein kinases. Mol Cell Biol (1994) 2.90
Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades and regulation of gene expression. Curr Opin Immunol (1996) 2.89
Macrophages ingest and are activated by bacterial DNA. J Immunol (1996) 2.64
The p38/RK mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway regulates interleukin-6 synthesis response to tumor necrosis factor. EMBO J (1996) 2.64
Retrieval of TGN proteins from the cell surface requires endosomal acidification. EMBO J (1994) 2.56
Mechanisms of tolerance induction in major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted T cells specific for a blood-borne self-antigen. J Exp Med (1994) 2.41
Interferon-gamma expression by Th1 effector T cells mediated by the p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway. EMBO J (1998) 2.41
Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 triggers AP-1 activity via the c-Jun N-terminal kinase cascade. EMBO J (1997) 2.38
Oncoprotein-mediated signalling cascade stimulates c-Jun activity by phosphorylation of serines 63 and 73. Mol Cell Biol (1992) 2.34
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides trigger protective and curative Th1 responses in lethal murine leishmaniasis. J Immunol (1998) 2.31
Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in bacterial lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1996) 2.26
Bacterial DNA causes septic shock. Nature (1997) 2.19
Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) is an oligodeoxynucleotide-binding protein. Nat Med (1997) 2.12
Macrophages sense pathogens via DNA motifs: induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated shock. Eur J Immunol (1997) 2.10
Multiple regulatory elements in the interleukin-6 gene mediate induction by prostaglandins, cyclic AMP, and lipopolysaccharide. Mol Cell Biol (1994) 2.08
Contribution of CpG motifs to the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. J Immunol (1997) 2.04
Stimulation of in vitro murine lymphocyte proliferation by bacterial DNA. J Immunol (1991) 2.02
Unique palindromic sequences in synthetic oligonucleotides are required to induce IFN [correction of INF] and augment IFN-mediated [correction of INF] natural killer activity. J Immunol (1992) 2.02
Endotoxin induces rapid protein tyrosine phosphorylation in 70Z/3 cells expressing CD14. J Biol Chem (1993) 1.93
Tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates AP-1 activity through prolonged activation of the c-Jun kinase. J Biol Chem (1994) 1.90
CpG-containing synthetic oligonucleotides promote B and cytotoxic T cell responses to protein antigen: a new class of vaccine adjuvants. Eur J Immunol (1997) 1.79
Antagonism of immunostimulatory CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides by quinacrine, chloroquine, and structurally related compounds. J Immunol (1998) 1.76
A multiple cytokine- and second messenger-responsive element in the enhancer of the human interleukin-6 gene: similarities with c-fos gene regulation. Mol Cell Biol (1989) 1.70
Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhancer function is associated with cooperative interactions between AP-1 and NFATp/c. Mol Cell Biol (1995) 1.66
Immune activation by bacterial DNA: a new genetic code. Immunity (1996) 1.63
CpG motifs in bacterial DNA activate leukocytes through the pH-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species. J Immunol (1998) 1.62
Activation of human B cells by phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. J Clin Invest (1996) 1.57
Immunostimulatory DNA: sequence-dependent production of potentially harmful or useful cytokines. Eur J Immunol (1997) 1.56
Differential dependence on target site tissue for gene gun and intramuscular DNA immunizations. J Immunol (1997) 1.45
p38 mitogen activated protein kinase regulates endothelial VCAM-1 expression at the post-transcriptional level. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1997) 1.42
Mechanism of action of bicyclic imidazoles defines a translational regulatory pathway for tumor necrosis factor alpha. J Inflamm (1995) 1.37
Patterns of intracellular compartmentalization, trafficking and acidification of 5'-fluorescein labeled phosphodiester and phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides in HL60 cells. Nucleic Acids Res (1994) 1.23
Interleukin-1 activates p54 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/stress-activated protein kinase by a pathway that is independent of p21ras, Raf-1, and MAP kinase kinase. J Biol Chem (1994) 1.10
Immune stimulation by an antisense oligomer complementary to the rev gene of HIV-1. Biochem Pharmacol (1993) 1.01
An antisense oligonucleotide complementary to a sequence in I gamma 2b increases gamma 2b germline transcripts, stimulates B cell DNA synthesis, and inhibits immunoglobulin secretion. J Exp Med (1992) 0.98
Binding of oligoguanylate to scavenger receptors is required for oligonucleotides to augment NK cell activity and induce IFN. J Biochem (1994) 0.93
Antitumor activity of the DNA fraction from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. II. Effects on various syngeneic mouse tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst (1985) 0.83
A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature (2000) 26.34
Selective inhibition of protein kinase C isozymes by the indolocarbazole Gö 6976. J Biol Chem (1993) 7.16
The enzymatic conversion of heme to bilirubin by microsomal heme oxygenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1968) 6.96
Twice-daily compared with once-daily thoracic radiotherapy in limited small-cell lung cancer treated concurrently with cisplatin and etoposide. N Engl J Med (1999) 5.84
Microsomal heme oxygenase. Characterization of the enzyme. J Biol Chem (1969) 5.35
Protein kinase C alpha activates RAF-1 by direct phosphorylation. Nature (1993) 5.23
Human TLR9 confers responsiveness to bacterial DNA via species-specific CpG motif recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2001) 5.02
Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission. Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Overview Collaborative Group. N Engl J Med (1999) 4.81
A randomized trial of postoperative adjuvant therapy in patients with completely resected stage II or IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. N Engl J Med (2000) 4.54
Cyclosporin A mediates immunosuppression of primary cytotoxic T cell responses by impairing the release of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2. Eur J Immunol (1981) 4.31
T cell-mediated lethal shock triggered in mice by the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B: critical role of tumor necrosis factor. J Exp Med (1992) 4.31
Analysis of the induction of general stress proteins of Bacillus subtilis. Microbiology (1994) 4.16
Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide activates cells through a TLR2-dependent mechanism. Nat Immunol (2001) 4.13
Suppression of Raf-1 kinase activity and MAP kinase signalling by RKIP. Nature (1999) 3.99
A neuronal learning rule for sub-millisecond temporal coding. Nature (1996) 3.76
Retrovirus genomes methylated by mammalian but not bacterial methylase are non-infectious. Nature (1983) 3.43
Cyclophosphamide-sensitive T lymphocytes suppress the in vivo generation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Exp Med (1977) 3.38
Synergy during in vitro cytotoxic allograft responses. I. Evidence for cell interaction between thymocytes and peripheral T cells. J Exp Med (1973) 3.24
Neural basis of alertness and cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness. I. Effects of 24 h of sleep deprivation on waking human regional brain activity. J Sleep Res (2000) 3.17
Endocytosed HSP60s use toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 to activate the toll/interleukin-1 receptor signaling pathway in innate immune cells. J Biol Chem (2001) 3.16
Transient accumulation of potassium glutamate and its replacement by trehalose during adaptation of growing cells of Escherichia coli K-12 to elevated sodium chloride concentrations. Arch Microbiol (1988) 3.12
Bacterial DNA and immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides trigger maturation and activation of murine dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol (1998) 3.11
Virus and trinitrophenol hapten-specific T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against H-2 incompatible target cells. J Exp Med (1976) 3.00
Sulfasalazine: a potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B. J Clin Invest (1998) 2.90
Baseline findings in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK) Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci (1998) 2.68
p300 acts as a transcriptional coactivator for mammalian Notch-1. Mol Cell Biol (2001) 2.64
Regulation of sigmaB-dependent transcription of sigB and asp23 in two different Staphylococcus aureus strains. Mol Gen Genet (1999) 2.62
Multiple extracellular signals are required for long-term oligodendrocyte survival. Development (1993) 2.55
Association between clinical disease activity and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in MS. Neurology (2000) 2.46
T-cell-derived helper factor allows in vivo induction of cytotoxic T cells in nu/nu mice. Nature (1980) 2.39
The enzymatic formation of bilirubin. Ann N Y Acad Sci (1975) 2.34
The enzymatic catabolism of hemoglobin: stimulation of microsomal heme oxygenase by hemin. J Lab Clin Med (1970) 2.32
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides trigger protective and curative Th1 responses in lethal murine leishmaniasis. J Immunol (1998) 2.31
[Surgical leg prolongation]. Chirurg (1971) 2.28
Mechanism of suppression of the Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway by the raf kinase inhibitor protein. Mol Cell Biol (2000) 2.27
Primary responses of human T cells to mycobacteria: a frequent set of gamma/delta T cells are stimulated by protease-resistant ligands. Eur J Immunol (1990) 2.25
Bacterial CpG-DNA triggers activation and maturation of human CD11c-, CD123+ dendritic cells. J Immunol (2001) 2.24
General and oxidative stress responses in Bacillus subtilis: cloning, expression, and mutation of the alkyl hydroperoxide reductase operon. J Bacteriol (1996) 2.20
Bacterial DNA causes septic shock. Nature (1997) 2.19
Mechanism of inhibition of Raf-1 by protein kinase A. Mol Cell Biol (1994) 2.18
Immune cell activation by bacterial CpG-DNA through myeloid differentiation marker 88 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)6. J Exp Med (2000) 2.16
Cell-mediated immune response in vitro. II. The role of thymus and thymus-derived lymphocytes. Cell Immunol (1972) 2.15
Informatics and medicine--from molecules to populations. Methods Inf Med (2008) 2.13
Macrophages sense pathogens via DNA motifs: induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated shock. Eur J Immunol (1997) 2.10
Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against I-region-coded determinants: in vitro evidence for a third histocompatibility locus in the mouse. J Exp Med (1975) 2.09
A major fraction of human intraepithelial lymphocytes simultaneously expresses the gamma/delta T cell receptor, the CD8 accessory molecule and preferentially uses the V delta 1 gene segment. Eur J Immunol (1991) 2.06
Expression of interleukin-8 gene in inflammatory bowel disease is related to the histological grade of active inflammation. Am J Pathol (1994) 2.04
Expression of a stress- and starvation-induced dps/pexB-homologous gene is controlled by the alternative sigma factor sigmaB in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol (1997) 2.03
Direct transfer of transforming growth factor beta 1 gene into arteries stimulates fibrocellular hyperplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1993) 2.03
Perception and neuronal coding of subjective contours in the owl. Nat Neurosci (1999) 2.01
Characterization of the sigma(B) regulon in Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol (2000) 2.00
(+/-)[125Iodo] cyanopindolol, a new ligand for beta-adrenoceptors: identification and quantitation of subclasses of beta-adrenoceptors in guinea pig. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol (1981) 1.99
NF-kappaB2 is a putative target gene of activated Notch-1 via RBP-Jkappa. Mol Cell Biol (1998) 1.96
Hepatitis B viral DNA in liver and serum of asymptomatic carriers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1982) 1.96
Catabolism of heme in vivo: comparison of the simultaneous production of bilirubin and carbon monoxide. J Clin Invest (1970) 1.96
First steps from a two-dimensional protein index towards a response-regulation map for Bacillus subtilis. Electrophoresis (1997) 1.91
Stress proteins and cross-protection by heat shock and salt stress in Bacillus subtilis. J Gen Microbiol (1992) 1.91
Cell-mediated immune response in vitro. 3. The requirement for macrophages in cytotoxic reactions against cell-bound and subcellular alloantigens. J Exp Med (1972) 1.89
Immunocytochemical localization of eight protein kinase C isozymes overexpressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Isoform-specific association with microfilaments, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclear and cell membranes. J Biol Chem (1995) 1.87
Raf-1-associated protein phosphatase 2A as a positive regulator of kinase activation. J Biol Chem (2000) 1.87
The role of T cells in anti-herpes simplex virus immunity. I. Induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Immunol (1977) 1.86
Specific and general stress proteins in Bacillus subtilis--a two-deimensional protein electrophoresis study. Microbiology (1997) 1.86
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 are essential for Aspergillus-induced activation of murine macrophages. Cell Microbiol (2003) 1.86
Multicenter trial of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by extrapleural pneumonectomy in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Ann Oncol (2007) 1.85
Cold shock stress-induced proteins in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol (1996) 1.83
Operative lengthening of the femur. Clin Orthop Relat Res (1978) 1.81
A comprehensive two-dimensional map of cytosolic proteins of Bacillus subtilis. Electrophoresis (2001) 1.79
CpG-containing synthetic oligonucleotides promote B and cytotoxic T cell responses to protein antigen: a new class of vaccine adjuvants. Eur J Immunol (1997) 1.79
T-T cell interactions during cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses: T cell derived helper factor (Interleukin 2) as a probe to analyze CTL responsiveness and thymic maturation of CTL progenitors. Immunol Rev (1980) 1.78
[Possibilities and experiences with cartilage transplantation]. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb (1972) 1.78
Human VEGF gene expression in skeletal muscle: effect of acute normoxic and hypoxic exercise. Am J Physiol (1999) 1.78
The Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer (CQOLC) scale: development and validation of an instrument to measure quality of life of the family caregiver of patients with cancer. Qual Life Res (1999) 1.76
Extracellular proteins of Staphylococcus aureus and the role of SarA and sigma B. Proteomics (2001) 1.75
Neural encoding of binocular disparity: energy models, position shifts and phase shifts. Vision Res (1996) 1.74
T-cell-mediated immune responses induced in vitro: a probe for allograft and tumor immunity. Transplant Rev (1973) 1.74
IL-4 instructs TH1 responses and resistance to Leishmania major in susceptible BALB/c mice. Nat Immunol (2001) 1.73
Enzymatic degradation of heme. Oxygenative cleavage requiring cytochrome P-450. Biochemistry (1972) 1.71
Purification and partial sequencing of high-affinity progesterone-binding site(s) from porcine liver membranes. Eur J Biochem (1996) 1.70
Cell-mediated immune response in vitro. I. A new in vitro system for the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxic activity. Cell Immunol (1972) 1.67
[Magnetic Drug Targeting--a new approach in locoregional tumor therapy with chemotherapeutic agents. Experimental animal studies]. HNO (2005) 1.64
Transient, specific and extremely rapid release of osmolytes from growing cells of Escherichia coli K-12 exposed to hypoosmotic shock. Arch Microbiol (1993) 1.64