Published in BMC Microbiol on November 06, 2008
Innate immune sensing of bacterial modifications of Rho GTPases by the Pyrin inflammasome. Nature (2014) 2.82
Systemic dissemination of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B is associated with severe, fatal disease in animal models. J Infect Dis (2011) 1.98
Rational design of inhibitors and activity-based probes targeting Clostridium difficile virulence factor TcdB. Chem Biol (2010) 1.60
Frizzled proteins are colonic epithelial receptors for C. difficile toxin B. Nature (2016) 1.47
Clostridial glucosylating toxins enter cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. PLoS One (2010) 1.47
Structural organization of the functional domains of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2010) 1.44
Piglet models of acute or chronic Clostridium difficile illness. J Infect Dis (2010) 1.38
An ultrasensitive rapid immunocytotoxicity assay for detecting Clostridium difficile toxins. J Microbiol Methods (2009) 1.34
Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) is the host receptor for the binary toxin Clostridium difficile transferase (CDT). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2011) 1.31
Antibody against TcdB, but not TcdA, prevents development of gastrointestinal and systemic Clostridium difficile disease. J Infect Dis (2012) 1.25
A chimeric toxin vaccine protects against primary and recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Infect Immun (2012) 1.22
Antibody-enhanced, Fc gamma receptor-mediated endocytosis of Clostridium difficile toxin A. Infect Immun (2009) 1.21
Membrane translocation of binary actin-ADP-ribosylating toxins from Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens is facilitated by cyclophilin A and Hsp90. Infect Immun (2011) 1.05
A novel multivalent, single-domain antibody targeting TcdA and TcdB prevents fulminant Clostridium difficile infection in mice. J Infect Dis (2014) 1.02
Essential role of the glucosyltransferase activity in Clostridium difficile toxin-induced secretion of TNF-alpha by macrophages. Microb Pathog (2009) 0.99
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 functions as the cellular receptor for Clostridium difficile toxin B. Cell Res (2014) 0.97
Cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich microdomains are essential for microtubule-based membrane protrusions induced by Clostridium difficile transferase (CDT). J Biol Chem (2011) 0.96
Mechanisms of protection against Clostridium difficile infection by the monoclonal antitoxin antibodies actoxumab and bezlotoxumab. Infect Immun (2014) 0.94
Inositol hexakisphosphate-dependent processing of Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin and Clostridium novyi alpha-toxin. J Biol Chem (2011) 0.93
A segment of 97 amino acids within the translocation domain of Clostridium difficile toxin B is essential for toxicity. PLoS One (2013) 0.93
Translocation domain mutations affecting cellular toxicity identify the Clostridium difficile toxin B pore. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2014) 0.92
LRP1 is a receptor for Clostridium perfringens TpeL toxin indicating a two-receptor model of clostridial glycosylating toxins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2014) 0.91
Identification of the cellular receptor of Clostridium spiroforme toxin. Infect Immun (2012) 0.90
Cytotoxicity of Clostridium difficile toxin B does not require cysteine protease-mediated autocleavage and release of the glucosyltransferase domain into the host cell cytosol. Pathog Dis (2013) 0.90
Accelerated neuronal cell recovery from Botulinum neurotoxin intoxication by targeted ubiquitination. PLoS One (2011) 0.90
Molecular characteristics of Clostridium perfringens TpeL toxin and consequences of mono-O-GlcNAcylation of Ras in living cells. J Biol Chem (2012) 0.89
Critical roles of Clostridium difficile toxin B enzymatic activities in pathogenesis. Infect Immun (2014) 0.86
Down-regulation of interleukin-16 in human mast cells HMC-1 by Clostridium difficile toxins A and B. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol (2011) 0.84
Identification of toxemia in patients with Clostridium difficile infection. PLoS One (2015) 0.84
Effects of surotomycin on Clostridium difficile viability and toxin production in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2015) 0.82
Exposure of neutralizing epitopes in the carboxyl-terminal domain of TcdB is altered by a proximal hypervariable region. J Biol Chem (2015) 0.81
Glucosyltransferase activity of Clostridium difficile Toxin B is essential for disease pathogenesis. Gut Microbes (2015) 0.80
The role of the humoral immune response to Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in susceptibility to C. difficile infection: a case-control study. Anaerobe (2014) 0.79
Systemically administered IgG anti-toxin antibodies protect the colonic mucosa during infection with Clostridium difficile in the piglet model. PLoS One (2014) 0.79
Using phenotype microarrays to determine culture conditions that induce or repress toxin production by Clostridium difficile and other microorganisms. PLoS One (2013) 0.79
Proteomic Analysis and Label-Free Quantification of the Large Clostridium difficile Toxins. Int J Proteomics (2013) 0.78
Septins guide microtubule protrusions induced by actin-depolymerizing toxins like Clostridium difficile transferase (CDT). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2016) 0.78
Retargeting Clostridium difficile Toxin B to Neuronal Cells as a Potential Vehicle for Cytosolic Delivery of Therapeutic Biomolecules to Treat Botulism. J Toxicol (2011) 0.78
Clostridium difficile Toxins A and B: Insights into Pathogenic Properties and Extraintestinal Effects. Toxins (Basel) (2016) 0.77
A chimeric protein comprising the glucosyltransferase and cysteine proteinase domains of toxin B and the receptor binding domain of toxin A induces protective immunity against Clostridium difficile infection in mice and hamsters. Hum Vaccin Immunother (2015) 0.77
Single domain antibody coated gold nanoparticles as enhancer for Clostridium difficile toxin detection by electrochemical impedance immunosensors. Bioelectrochemistry (2015) 0.76
Utility of Clostridium difficile toxin B for inducing anti-tumor immunity. PLoS One (2014) 0.76
Glucosylation Drives the Innate Inflammatory Response to Clostridium difficile Toxin A. Infect Immun (2016) 0.75
The roles of toxin A and toxin B in Clostridium difficile infection: insights from the gnotobiotic piglet model. Gut Microbes (2013) 0.75
Defective mutations within the translocation domain of Clostridium difficile toxin B impair disease pathogenesis. Pathog Dis (2015) 0.75
Clostridium difficile toxin B intoxicated mouse colonic epithelial CT26 cells stimulate the activation of dendritic cells. Pathog Dis (2015) 0.75
High Mobility Group Box1 Protein Is Involved in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced by Clostridium difficile Toxin A. Biomed Res Int (2016) 0.75
An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med (2005) 18.10
A predominantly clonal multi-institutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality. N Engl J Med (2005) 16.59
Clostridium difficile colitis. N Engl J Med (1994) 9.31
Purification and characterization of toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile. Infect Immun (1982) 6.88
Glucosylation of Rho proteins by Clostridium difficile toxin B. Nature (1995) 6.08
Clostridium difficile toxins: mechanism of action and role in disease. Clin Microbiol Rev (2005) 5.69
Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins given intragastrically to animals. Infect Immun (1985) 5.44
Biological activities of toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile. Infect Immun (1982) 4.62
Antimicrobial-associated risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis (2008) 3.50
The enterotoxin from Clostridium difficile (ToxA) monoglucosylates the Rho proteins. J Biol Chem (1995) 3.02
Cell surface binding site for Clostridium difficile enterotoxin: evidence for a glycoconjugate containing the sequence Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc. Infect Immun (1986) 2.89
Auto-catalytic cleavage of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B depends on cysteine protease activity. J Biol Chem (2007) 2.11
Autocatalytic cleavage of Clostridium difficile toxin B. Nature (2007) 2.11
Large clostridial cytotoxins. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol (2004) 2.00
Clostridium difficile toxin B is an inflammatory enterotoxin in human intestine. Gastroenterology (2003) 1.91
Bacillus megaterium--from simple soil bacterium to industrial protein production host. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2007) 1.85
Clostridium difficile toxins disrupt epithelial barrier function by altering membrane microdomain localization of tight junction proteins. Infect Immun (2001) 1.85
Clostridium difficile: changing epidemiology and new treatment options. Curr Opin Infect Dis (2007) 1.84
Expression of tetanus toxin fragment C in E. coli: high level expression by removing rare codons. Nucleic Acids Res (1989) 1.75
Purification of Clostridium difficile toxin A by affinity chromatography on immobilized thyroglobulin. Infect Immun (1987) 1.57
Update on Clostridium difficile associated disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol (2007) 1.44
Large clostridial cytotoxins: cellular biology of Rho/Ras-glucosylating toxins. Biochim Biophys Acta (2004) 1.32
Mechanism of Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced apoptosis in T84 cells. J Infect Dis (2002) 1.32
gp96 is a human colonocyte plasma membrane binding protein for Clostridium difficile toxin A. Infect Immun (2008) 1.30
Rabbit sucrase-isomaltase contains a functional intestinal receptor for Clostridium difficile toxin A. J Clin Invest (1996) 1.26
GT160-246, a toxin binding polymer for treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2001) 1.25
Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced colonocyte apoptosis involves p53-dependent p21(WAF1/CIP1) induction via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Gastroenterology (2005) 1.25
Cellular stability of Rho-GTPases glucosylated by Clostridium difficile toxin B. FEBS Lett (2006) 1.22
Molecular cloning and expression of Clostridium difficile toxin A in Escherichia coli K12. FEBS Lett (1987) 1.22
Roles of intracellular calcium and NF-kappa B in the Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced up-regulation and secretion of IL-8 from human monocytes. J Immunol (1999) 1.21
Expression of recombinant Clostridium difficile toxin A using the Bacillus megaterium system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2003) 1.21
Cellular internalisation of Clostridium difficile toxin A. Microb Pathog (1987) 1.20
Listeria-infected myeloid dendritic cells produce IFN-beta, priming T cell activation. J Immunol (2005) 1.16
Emerging toxin A-B+ variant strain of Clostridium difficile responsible for pseudomembranous colitis at a tertiary care hospital in Korea. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis (2007) 1.08
Stressed apoptotic tumor cells express heat shock proteins and elicit tumor-specific immunity. Blood (2001) 1.06
Clostridium difficile toxin B causes apoptosis in epithelial cells by thrilling mitochondria. Involvement of ATP-sensitive mitochondrial potassium channels. J Biol Chem (2007) 1.02
A Bacillus megaterium plasmid system for the production, export, and one-step purification of affinity-tagged heterologous levansucrase from growth medium. Appl Environ Microbiol (2006) 0.99
Construction and expression of the complete Clostridium difficile toxin A gene in Escherichia coli. Infect Immun (1991) 0.96
The distribution and density of Clostridium difficile toxin receptors on the intestinal mucosa of neonatal pigs. Vet Pathol (2007) 0.94
One-step cloning and expression of Clostridium difficile toxin B gene (tcdB). Mol Cell Probes (2002) 0.92
Comparison of wild type with recombinant Clostridium difficile toxin A. Microb Pathog (2005) 0.84
Prevalence of toxin A-nonproducing/toxin-B-producing Clostridium difficile in the Tsukuba-Tsuchiura district, Japan. J Infect Chemother (2007) 0.82
Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum. Science (2004) 5.64
The genome of Cryptosporidium hominis. Nature (2004) 3.93
The genesis and source of the H7N9 influenza viruses causing human infections in China. Nature (2013) 3.60
Exome sequencing of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Genet (2012) 3.14
Clinical and molecular epidemiology of human bocavirus in respiratory and fecal samples from children in Hong Kong. J Infect Dis (2007) 2.82
Treatment with convalescent plasma for influenza A (H5N1) infection. N Engl J Med (2007) 2.53
Identification of novel porcine and bovine parvoviruses closely related to human parvovirus 4. J Gen Virol (2008) 2.41
Genome sequencing and comparison of two nonhuman primate animal models, the cynomolgus and Chinese rhesus macaques. Nat Biotechnol (2011) 2.37
CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells suppress Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunity in patients with active disease. Clin Immunol (2007) 2.08
Internalization of NK cells into tumor cells requires ezrin and leads to programmed cell-in-cell death. Cell Res (2009) 2.07
Systemic dissemination of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B is associated with severe, fatal disease in animal models. J Infect Dis (2011) 1.98
Cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis in ugandan children with persistent diarrhea with and without concurrent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg (2005) 1.90
GWAS identifies novel susceptibility loci on 6p21.32 and 21q21.3 for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers. PLoS Genet (2012) 1.86
Self-regulation of Candida albicans population size during GI colonization. PLoS Pathog (2007) 1.85
Clostridium difficile toxin-induced inflammation and intestinal injury are mediated by the inflammasome. Gastroenterology (2010) 1.83
Synthesis, characterization and development of a high-throughput methodology for the discovery of botulinum neurotoxin a inhibitors. J Comb Chem (2006) 1.79
Prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in swine: an 18-month survey at a slaughterhouse in Massachusetts. Appl Environ Microbiol (2002) 1.78
Structures of Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A Light Chain complexed with small-molecule inhibitors highlight active-site flexibility. Chem Biol (2007) 1.78
Genomic survey of the non-cultivatable opportunistic human pathogen, Enterocytozoon bieneusi. PLoS Pathog (2009) 1.73
SalK/SalR, a two-component signal transduction system, is essential for full virulence of highly invasive Streptococcus suis serotype 2. PLoS One (2008) 1.64
Cryptosporidium parvum in children with diarrhea in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg (2003) 1.64
Respiratory cryptosporidiosis in HIV-seronegative children in Uganda: potential for respiratory transmission. Clin Infect Dis (2010) 1.56
Serology of severe acute respiratory syndrome: implications for surveillance and outcome. J Infect Dis (2004) 1.55
Reduced Th17 response in patients with tuberculosis correlates with IL-6R expression on CD4+ T Cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (2009) 1.54
Enterocytozoon bieneusi among children with diarrhea attending Mulago Hospital in Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg (2002) 1.50
Human Stx2-specific monoclonal antibodies prevent systemic complications of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection. Infect Immun (2002) 1.49
Cryptosporidiosis in children in Sub-Saharan Africa: a lingering challenge. Clin Infect Dis (2008) 1.46
Right ventricular outflow pacing induces less regional wall motion abnormalities in the left ventricle compared with apical pacing. Europace (2011) 1.42
Adjuvant Corticosteroid Treatment in Adults With Influenza A (H7N9) Viral Pneumonia. Crit Care Med (2016) 1.40
Piglet models of acute or chronic Clostridium difficile illness. J Infect Dis (2010) 1.38
Human antibody against shiga toxin 2 administered to piglets after the onset of diarrhea due to Escherichia coli O157:H7 prevents fatal systemic complications. Infect Immun (2005) 1.38
Mouse relapse model of Clostridium difficile infection. Infect Immun (2011) 1.36
Cryptosporidium hominis: experimental challenge of healthy adults. Am J Trop Med Hyg (2006) 1.35
An ultrasensitive rapid immunocytotoxicity assay for detecting Clostridium difficile toxins. J Microbiol Methods (2009) 1.34
Novel reassortment of Eurasian avian-like and pandemic/2009 influenza viruses in swine: infectious potential for humans. J Virol (2011) 1.33
Measurement of neutralizing antibody responses against H5N1 clades in immunized mice and ferrets using pseudotypes expressing influenza hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Vaccine (2009) 1.32
The reduced genome of the parasitic microsporidian Enterocytozoon bieneusi lacks genes for core carbon metabolism. Genome Biol Evol (2010) 1.30
The shikimate pathway and its branches in apicomplexan parasites. J Infect Dis (2002) 1.25
Antibody against TcdB, but not TcdA, prevents development of gastrointestinal and systemic Clostridium difficile disease. J Infect Dis (2012) 1.25
A novel strategy for development of recombinant antitoxin therapeutics tested in a mouse botulism model. PLoS One (2012) 1.24
Identification of an endogenous inhibitor of the cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, phospholemman. J Biol Chem (2005) 1.23
Production and characterization of protective human antibodies against Shiga toxin 1. Infect Immun (2002) 1.23
Infectivity of a Cryptosporidium parvum isolate of cervine origin for healthy adults and interferon-gamma knockout mice. J Infect Dis (2002) 1.22
A chimeric toxin vaccine protects against primary and recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Infect Immun (2012) 1.22
Antibody-enhanced, Fc gamma receptor-mediated endocytosis of Clostridium difficile toxin A. Infect Immun (2009) 1.21
Identification of genotypically mixed Cryptosporidium parvum populations in humans and calves. Mol Biochem Parasitol (2003) 1.21
Host S-nitrosylation inhibits clostridial small molecule-activated glucosylating toxins. Nat Med (2011) 1.19
Intracellular neutralization of shiga toxin 2 by an a subunit-specific human monoclonal antibody. Infect Immun (2008) 1.19
Diagnosis of active tuberculosis in China using an in-house gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Clin Vaccine Immunol (2009) 1.19
Enhanced butyric acid tolerance and bioproduction by Clostridium tyrobutyricum immobilized in a fibrous bed bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng (2011) 1.19
Association of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells with chronic activity and viral clearance in patients with hepatitis B. Int Immunol (2006) 1.18
Catalytic features of the botulinum neurotoxin A light chain revealed by high resolution structure of an inhibitory peptide complex. Biochemistry (2008) 1.17
Patterns of genome evolution among the microsporidian parasites Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Antonospora locustae and Enterocytozoon bieneusi. PLoS One (2007) 1.16
Altered contractility and [Ca2+]i homeostasis in phospholemman-deficient murine myocytes: role of Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (2006) 1.16
A pig model of the human gastrointestinal tract. Gut Microbes (2013) 1.15
A human antibody recognizing a conserved epitope of H5 hemagglutinin broadly neutralizes highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses. J Virol (2012) 1.15
Inferences about the global population structures of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis. Appl Environ Microbiol (2008) 1.15
Gamma interferon immunospot assay of pleural effusion mononuclear cells for diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. Clin Vaccine Immunol (2014) 1.14
Stx2-specific human monoclonal antibodies protect mice against lethal infection with Escherichia coli expressing Stx2 variants. Infect Immun (2003) 1.12
Tim-3-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in human tuberculosis (TB) exhibit polarized effector memory phenotypes and stronger anti-TB effector functions. PLoS Pathog (2012) 1.12
Butyric acid fermentation in a fibrous bed bioreactor with immobilized Clostridium tyrobutyricum from cane molasses. Bioresour Technol (2009) 1.10
Discovery and genomic characterization of a novel ovine partetravirus and a new genotype of bovine partetravirus. PLoS One (2011) 1.10
Experimental evidence for genetic recombination in the opportunistic pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum. Mol Biochem Parasitol (2002) 1.09
Increased adherence and actin pedestal formation by dam-deficient enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Mol Microbiol (2007) 1.09
Emergence and dissemination of a swine H3N2 reassortant influenza virus with 2009 pandemic H1N1 genes in pigs in China. J Virol (2011) 1.09
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes/subgenotypes in China: mutations in core promoter and precore/core and their clinical implications. J Clin Virol (2007) 1.09
Cell cycle suspension: a novel process lurking in G₂ arrest. Cell Cycle (2011) 1.07
The enterotoxicity of Clostridium difficile toxins. Toxins (Basel) (2010) 1.07
Characterization of RAP, a quorum sensing activator of Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiol Lett (2003) 1.06
EspFU, a type III-translocated effector of actin assembly, fosters epithelial association and late-stage intestinal colonization by E. coli O157:H7. Cell Microbiol (2007) 1.06
A single VHH-based toxin-neutralizing agent and an effector antibody protect mice against challenge with Shiga toxins 1 and 2. Infect Immun (2013) 1.06
Detection and genotyping of oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum by real-time PCR and melting curve analysis. J Clin Microbiol (2002) 1.05
Tumor-derived chaperone-rich cell lysates are effective therapeutic vaccines against a variety of cancers. Cancer Immunol Immunother (2003) 1.05
Characterization of Cryptosporidium meleagridis of human origin passaged through different host species. Infect Immun (2003) 1.02
Efficient serum clearance of botulinum neurotoxin achieved using a pool of small antitoxin binding agents. Infect Immun (2009) 1.02
Constitutive overexpression of phosphomimetic phospholemman S68E mutant results in arrhythmias, early mortality, and heart failure: potential involvement of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (2011) 1.01
Granzyme B binds to target cells mostly by charge and must be added at the same time as perforin to trigger apoptosis. J Immunol (2005) 1.00
Tumor-derived, chaperone-rich cell lysate activates dendritic cells and elicits potent antitumor immunity. Blood (2003) 0.99
Essential role of the glucosyltransferase activity in Clostridium difficile toxin-induced secretion of TNF-alpha by macrophages. Microb Pathog (2009) 0.99
A direct role for C1 inhibitor in regulation of leukocyte adhesion. J Immunol (2005) 0.98
Gnotobiotic piglet infection model for evaluating the safe use of antibiotics against Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection. J Infect Dis (2009) 0.98