Published in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A on March 01, 1986
Glutathione is required for intestinal function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1990) 1.43
Hepatobiliary transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugate in rats with hereditary hyperbilirubinemia. J Clin Invest (1989) 1.29
Thinking outside the cleft to understand synaptic activity: contribution of the cystine-glutamate antiporter (System xc-) to normal and pathological glutamatergic signaling. Pharmacol Rev (2012) 1.21
Contribution of cystine-glutamate antiporters to the psychotomimetic effects of phencyclidine. Neuropsychopharmacology (2007) 1.06
Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and induction of glutathionuria by gamma-glutamyl amino acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1986) 0.95
Effects of chronic ethanol feeding on rat hepatocytic glutathione. Relationship of cytosolic glutathione to efflux and mitochondrial sequestration. J Clin Invest (1989) 0.85
Metabolomics changes in a rat model of obstructive jaundice: mapping to metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids as well as oxidative stress. J Clin Biochem Nutr (2015) 0.80
Biliary glutathione promotes the mucosal metabolism of luminal peroxidized lipids by rat small intestine in vivo. J Clin Invest (1994) 0.78
Role of cysteine and taurine in regulating glutathione synthesis by periportal and perivenous hepatocytes. Biochem J (1990) 0.77
Oxidised- and total non-protein bound glutathione and related thiols in gallbladder bile of patients with various gastrointestinal disorders. BMC Gastroenterol (2007) 0.77
Human esophageal cancer is distinguished from adjacent esophageal tissue by tissue cysteine concentrations. Dig Dis Sci (2002) 0.76
Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem (1951) 1743.91
Enzymic method for quantitative determination of nanogram amounts of total and oxidized glutathione: applications to mammalian blood and other tissues. Anal Biochem (1969) 15.62
Glutathione. Annu Rev Biochem (1983) 15.18
Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide using glutathione reductase and 2-vinylpyridine. Anal Biochem (1980) 10.52
Potent and specific inhibition of glutathione synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine (S-n-butyl homocysteine sulfoximine). J Biol Chem (1979) 7.16
Mechanism of action, metabolism, and toxicity of buthionine sulfoximine and its higher homologs, potent inhibitors of glutathione synthesis. J Biol Chem (1982) 2.48
Origin and turnover of mitochondrial glutathione. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1985) 2.37
Translocation of intracellular glutathione to membrane-bound gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase as a discrete step in the gamma-glutamyl cycle: glutathionuria after inhibition of transpeptidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1979) 2.20
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A COLORIMETRIC MICRO-METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF GLUTATHIONE. Biochem J (1965) 1.90
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Methods Enzymol (1981) 1.63
Transport and direct utilization of gamma-glutamylcyst(e)ine for glutathione synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1983) 1.45
Transport of gamma-glutamyl amino acids: role of glutathione and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1979) 1.38
Hydrolysis and transfer reactions catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; evidence for separate substrate sites and for high affinity of L-cystine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1976) 1.36
Excretion of cysteine and gamma-glutamylcysteine moieties in human and experimental animal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1980) 1.33
Increased biliary glutathione disulfide release in chronically ethanol-treated rats. FEBS Lett (1979) 1.30
Direct evidence for inter-organ transport of glutathione and that the non-filtration renal mechanism for glutathione utilization involves gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1980) 1.29
The relationship of biliary glutathione disulfide efflux and intracellular glutathione disulfide content in perfused rat liver. J Biol Chem (1982) 1.27
Biliary excretion of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in the rat. Regulation and response to oxidative stress. J Clin Invest (1984) 1.18
Rapid oxidation in vitro of endogenous and exogenous glutathione in bile of rats. J Biol Chem (1981) 1.16
Utilization of L-cystine by the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1975) 1.13
Maximum biliary excretion of bilirubin and sulfobromophthalein during anesthesia-induced alteration of rectal temperature. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med (1967) 1.07
Interrelationships between the binding sites for amino acids, dipeptides, and gamma-glutamyl donors in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. J Biol Chem (1977) 1.04
Extracellular metabolism of glutathione accounts for its disappearance from the basolateral circulation of the kidney. J Biol Chem (1984) 1.03
Factors influencing the efflux of hepatic glutathione into bile in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (1983) 1.03
The mechanism of biliary secretion of reduced glutathione. Analysis of transport process in isolated rat-liver canalicular membrane vesicles. Eur J Biochem (1983) 1.00
Developmental changes in the biliary excretion of methylmercury and glutathione. Science (1982) 0.95
Use of acivicin in the determination of rate constants for turnover of rat renal gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. J Biol Chem (1985) 0.90
Degradation of methyl mercury glutathione by the pancreatic enzymes in bile. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol (1981) 0.84
Methyl mercuric compounds in rat bile. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) (1975) 0.83
Brush border membrane hydrolysis of S-benzyl-cysteine-p-nitroanilide, and activity of aminopeptidase M. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1980) 0.82
Modulation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity by bile acids. J Biol Chem (1983) 0.81
Secretory characteristics of pancreatic gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Pflugers Arch (1973) 0.78
Glutathione. Annu Rev Biochem (1983) 15.18
Potent and specific inhibition of glutathione synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine (S-n-butyl homocysteine sulfoximine). J Biol Chem (1979) 7.16
Glutathione and related gamma-glutamyl compounds: biosynthesis and utilization. Annu Rev Biochem (1976) 3.84
Selective modification of glutathione metabolism. Science (1983) 3.64
On the enzymology of amino acid transport. Science (1973) 3.24
Regulation of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase by nonallosteric feedback inhibition by glutathione. J Biol Chem (1975) 3.23
High resistance to cisplatin in human ovarian cancer cell lines is associated with marked increase of glutathione synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1992) 3.22
Interaction of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase with amino acids, dipeptides, and derivatives and analogs of glutathione. J Biol Chem (1974) 3.18
The gamma-glutamyl cycle: a possible transport system for amino acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1970) 3.13
Studies on the mechanism of inhibition of glutamine synthetase by methionine sulfoximine. Biochemistry (1969) 3.10
Cytologically integrated physical restriction fragment length polymorphism maps for the barley genome based on translocation breakpoints. Genetics (2000) 3.05
Glutathione: interorgan translocation, turnover, and metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1979) 2.71
Pan: a transcriptional regulator that binds chymotrypsin, insulin, and AP-4 enhancer motifs. Genes Dev (1990) 2.46
Origin and turnover of mitochondrial glutathione. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1985) 2.37
Glutathione regulates activation-dependent DNA synthesis in highly purified normal human T lymphocytes stimulated via the CD2 and CD3 antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1990) 2.22
Translocation of intracellular glutathione to membrane-bound gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase as a discrete step in the gamma-glutamyl cycle: glutathionuria after inhibition of transpeptidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1979) 2.20
Catalytic and regulatory properties of the heavy subunit of rat kidney gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. J Biol Chem (1993) 2.13
An efficient screen for reproductive pathways using mature seeds of monocots and dicots. Plant J (2000) 2.11
Serine-borate complex as a transition-state inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1978) 2.03
gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase: catalytic, structural and functional aspects. Mol Cell Biochem (1981) 1.98
Inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis by prothionine sulfoximine (S-n-propyl homocysteine sulfoximine), a selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. J Biol Chem (1979) 1.91
The specificity of glutamine synthetase and its relationship to substrate conformation at the active site. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol (1968) 1.91
Enzymatic conversion of 5-oxo-L-proline (L-pyrrolidone carboxylate) to L-glutamate coupled with cleavage of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine diphosphate, a reaction in the -glutamyl cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1971) 1.90
Isolation and properties of gamma-L-glutamylcyclotransferase from human brain. Biochemistry (1969) 1.89
Glutathione monoethyl ester: preparation, uptake by tissues, and conversion to glutathione. Arch Biochem Biophys (1985) 1.82
Identification of L-methionine S-sulfoximine as the diastereoisomer of L-methionine SR-sulfoximine that inhibits glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry (1969) 1.82
gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, a lymphoid cell-surface marker: relationship to blastogenesis, differentiation, and neoplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1976) 1.78
Glutathione export by human lymphoid cells: depletion of glutathione by inhibition of its synthesis decreases export and increases sensitivity to irradiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1981) 1.77
Evidence that the gamma-glutamyl cycle functions in vivo using intracellular glutathione: effects of amino acids and selective inhibition of enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1978) 1.77
Studies on glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. Formation of pyrrolidone carboxylate and inhibition by methionine sulfoximine. J Biol Chem (1973) 1.76
Histone H4 acetylation of euchromatin and heterochromatin is cell cycle dependent and correlated with replication rather than with transcription. Plant Cell (2000) 1.75
Phosphorylation of methionine sulfoximine by glutamine synthetase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1968) 1.72
gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase from kidney. Methods Enzymol (1985) 1.69
Mitochondrial damage in muscle occurs after marked depletion of glutathione and is prevented by giving glutathione monoester. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1989) 1.66
Association of Enzymatic Activity with Submicroscopic Particles. Science (1952) 1.65
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Methods Enzymol (1981) 1.63
Control of Escherichia coli carbamyl phosphate synthetase by purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. Biochemistry (1966) 1.58
-Glutamyl cyclotransferase. Distribution, isozymic forms, and specificity. J Biol Chem (1973) 1.56
Interconversion of leukotrienes catalyzed by purified gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: concomitant formation of leukotriene D4 and gamma-glutamyl amino acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1982) 1.52
Amino acid sequence and function of the light subunit of rat kidney gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. J Biol Chem (1993) 1.52
Glutathione synthetase deficiency, an inborn error of metabolism involving the gamma-glutamyl cycle in patients with 5-oxoprolinuria (pyroglutamic aciduria). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1974) 1.51
Glutathione biosynthesis; gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase from rat kidney. Methods Enzymol (1985) 1.50
Identity of maleate-stimulated glutaminase with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in rat kidney. J Biol Chem (1975) 1.50
Asparagine synthetase activity of mouse leukemias. Science (1968) 1.49
Tripeptide (glutathione) synthetase. Purification, properties, and mechanism of action. Biochemistry (1967) 1.46
Affinity labeling of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and location of the gamma-glutamyl binding site on the light subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1977) 1.45
Glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase from leukemia cells. Chloride dependence, mechanism of action, and inhibition. J Biol Chem (1972) 1.45
Transport and direct utilization of gamma-glutamylcyst(e)ine for glutathione synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1983) 1.45
Glutathione, a first line of defense against cadmium toxicity. FASEB J (1987) 1.44
Reversible dissociation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase into two subunits. J Biol Chem (1984) 1.44
Glutathione is required for intestinal function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1990) 1.43
Glutathione deficiency leads to mitochondrial damage in brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1991) 1.43
Enzymes of the gamma-glutamyl cycle in the ciliary body and lens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1973) 1.43
Inhibition of glutathione synthesis in the newborn rat: a model for endogenously produced oxidative stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1991) 1.43
The gamma-glutamyl cycle. Diseases associated with specific enzyme deficiencies. Ann Intern Med (1974) 1.43
Translocation of glutathione from lymphoid cells that have markedly different gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1979) 1.43
Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus expression in chronically infected monocytic cells by glutathione, glutathione ester, and N-acetylcysteine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1991) 1.40
Transport of gamma-glutamyl amino acids: role of glutathione and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1979) 1.38
Resolution of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein of vicia faba chloroplasts into two different chlorophyll-protein complexes. Biochim Biophys Acta (1979) 1.38
Accumulation of 5-oxoproline in mouse tissues after inhibition of 5-oxoprolinase and administration of amino acids: evidence for function of the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1974) 1.37
Glutathione ester prevents buthionine sulfoximine-induced cataracts and lens epithelial cell damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1989) 1.37
Stimulation of the hydrolytic activity and decrease of the transpeptidase activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase by maleate; identity of a rat kidney maleate-stimulated glutaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1974) 1.37
Regulation of rat liver glutamine synthetase: activation by alpha-ketoglutarate and inhibition by glycine, alanine, and carbamyl phosphate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1971) 1.37
Hydrolysis and transfer reactions catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; evidence for separate substrate sites and for high affinity of L-cystine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1976) 1.36
Rat liver glutamine synthetase. Preparation, properties, and mechanism of inhibition by carbamyl phosphate. J Biol Chem (1972) 1.36
Glutamine-binding subunit of glutamate synthase and partial reactions catalyzed by this glutamine amidotransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1974) 1.36
Inhibition of 5-oxoprolinase by 2-imidazolidone-4-carboxylic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1973) 1.36
Reversible dissociation of carbamyl phosphate synthetase into a regulated synthesis subunit and a subunit required for glutamine utilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1971) 1.35
Radioprotection by glutathione ester: transport of glutathione ester into human lymphoid cells and fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1984) 1.35
Transport of glutathione, as gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycyl ester, into liver and kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1983) 1.35
The -glutamyl cycle in the choroid plexus: its possible function in amino acid transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1973) 1.35
Inhibition of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase by cystamine: an approach to a therapy of 5-oxoprolinuria (pyroglutamic aciduria). Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1977) 1.34
Evidence for an activated form of carbon dioxide in the reaction catalyzed by Escherichia coli carbamyl phosphate synthetase. Biochemistry (1965) 1.33
Excretion of cysteine and gamma-glutamylcysteine moieties in human and experimental animal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1980) 1.33
Glutathione turnover in the kidney; considerations relating to the gamma-glutamyl cycle and the transport of amino acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1974) 1.33
High-affinity transport of glutathione is part of a multicomponent system essential for mitochondrial function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1990) 1.32
Reversible dissociation of the monomer of glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase into catalytically active heavy and light subunits. J Biol Chem (1974) 1.32
Identification of L-methionine-S-sulfoximine as the convulsant isomer of methionine sulfoximine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1970) 1.30
Binding of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate by glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry (1966) 1.30
Direct evidence for inter-organ transport of glutathione and that the non-filtration renal mechanism for glutathione utilization involves gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1980) 1.29
Bicarbonate-dependent cleavage of adenosine triphosphate and other reactions catalyzed by Escherichia coli carbamyl phosphate synthetase. Biochemistry (1966) 1.29
Glutathione synthetase. Purification from rat kidney and mapping of the substrate binding sites. J Biol Chem (1979) 1.29
Nuclear DNA content and nuclear and cell volume are positively correlated in angiosperms. Cytogenet Genome Res (2006) 1.28
Glutathione deficiency decreases tissue ascorbate levels in newborn rats: ascorbate spares glutathione and protects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1991) 1.27
Mechanism of islet amyloid polypeptide fibrillation at lipid interfaces studied by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. Biophys J (2007) 1.27
Amino acid sequence of rat kidney gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. J Biol Chem (1990) 1.27
Selective inhibition of gamma-glutamyl-cycle enzymes by substrate analogs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1977) 1.26
Intracellular cysteine delivery system that protects against toxicity by promoting glutathione synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1982) 1.26
Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Interactions of an essential sulfhydryl group. J Biol Chem (1984) 1.26
Glutathione and gamma-glutamyl cycle enzymes in crypt and villus tip cells of rat jejunal mucosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1976) 1.25
Isolation and properties of a new glutamine transaminase from rat kidney. J Biol Chem (1974) 1.24
On the active site thiol of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase: relationships to catalysis, inhibition, and regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1988) 1.24
Stereospecific synthesis of alpha-methyl-L-glutamine by glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry (1965) 1.22
Isolation and properties of highly purified glutamine transaminase. Biochemistry (1972) 1.22
Glutathione monoesters. Anal Biochem (1989) 1.22
Interaction of L-aspartate beta-decarboxylase with beta-chloro-L-alanine. Beta-elimination reaction and active-site labeling. Biochemistry (1969) 1.22
gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase. Further purification, "half of the sites" reactivity, subunits, and specificity. J Biol Chem (1977) 1.22
Glutathione metabolism in the lung: inhibition of its synthesis leads to lamellar body and mitochondrial defects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1989) 1.21
Preparation and studies on the characterization of sheep brain glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry (1969) 1.20
Selective inactivation of the glutamine binding site of Escherichia coli carbamyl phosphate synthetase by 2-amino-4-oxo-5-chloropentanoic acid. Biochemistry (1966) 1.20