Published in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A on September 08, 2008
New insights into the regulation of T cells by gamma(c) family cytokines. Nat Rev Immunol (2009) 5.57
Advances in graft-versus-host disease biology and therapy. Nat Rev Immunol (2012) 3.50
Th17 cells: from precursors to players in inflammation and infection. Int Immunol (2009) 1.77
IL-21 blockade reduces graft-versus-host disease mortality by supporting inducible T regulatory cell generation. Blood (2009) 1.67
Follicular helper T cell signature in type 1 diabetes. J Clin Invest (2014) 1.61
Mouse models for the study of autoimmune type 1 diabetes: a NOD to similarities and differences to human disease. Semin Immunopathol (2010) 1.58
IL-21 and T follicular helper cells. Int Immunol (2009) 1.54
Interleukin-21 is required for the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes (2009) 1.53
Gut microbial metabolites limit the frequency of autoimmune T cells and protect against type 1 diabetes. Nat Immunol (2017) 1.43
Phosphorylation of IRF4 by ROCK2 regulates IL-17 and IL-21 production and the development of autoimmunity in mice. J Clin Invest (2010) 1.40
Th17 cells in immunity and autoimmunity. Clin Dev Immunol (2013) 1.40
Berberine differentially modulates the activities of ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK to suppress Th17 and Th1 T cell differentiation in type 1 diabetic mice. J Biol Chem (2009) 1.33
An update on the use of NOD mice to study autoimmune (Type 1) diabetes. Expert Rev Clin Immunol (2010) 1.13
Regulatory T cells overturned: the effectors fight back. Immunology (2009) 1.13
Interleukin-21 is critically required in autoimmune and allogeneic responses to islet tissue in murine models. Diabetes (2011) 1.11
Loss of parity between IL-2 and IL-21 in the NOD Idd3 locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2009) 1.09
IL-21 promotes the pathologic immune response to pneumovirus infection. J Immunol (2012) 1.06
The cytokines IL-21 and GM-CSF have opposing regulatory roles in the apoptosis of conventional dendritic cells. Immunity (2013) 1.06
Confirmation of an association between rs6822844 at the Il2-Il21 region and multiple autoimmune diseases: evidence of a general susceptibility locus. Arthritis Rheum (2010) 1.04
Excessive Th1 responses due to the absence of TGF-β signaling cause autoimmune diabetes and dysregulated Treg cell homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2013) 1.02
Blocking IL-21 signaling ameliorates xenogeneic GVHD induced by human lymphocytes. Blood (2011) 0.98
Interleukin-21 receptor-mediated signals control autoreactive T cell infiltration in pancreatic islets. Immunity (2012) 0.98
Differential IL-21 signaling in APCs leads to disparate Th17 differentiation in diabetes-susceptible NOD and diabetes-resistant NOD.Idd3 mice. J Clin Invest (2011) 0.98
Innate pro-B-cell progenitors protect against type 1 diabetes by regulating autoimmune effector T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2013) 0.96
B-cell cross-presentation of autologous antigen precipitates diabetes. Diabetes (2012) 0.96
IL-21 is critical for GVHD in a mouse model. Bone Marrow Transplant (2009) 0.94
Key role for IL-21 in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2011) 0.94
Cell-intrinsic IL-27 and gp130 cytokine receptor signaling regulates virus-specific CD4⁺ T cell responses and viral control during chronic infection. Immunity (2013) 0.93
CD4 T Cells Mediate Both Positive and Negative Regulation of the Immune Response to HIV Infection: Complex Role of T Follicular Helper Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Pathogenesis. Front Immunol (2015) 0.90
Children with islet autoimmunity and enterovirus infection demonstrate a distinct cytokine profile. Diabetes (2012) 0.90
The cellular source and target of IL-21 in K/BxN autoimmune arthritis. J Immunol (2013) 0.89
Reduced IL-2 expression in NOD mice leads to a temporal increase in CD62Llo FoxP3+ CD4+ T cells with limited suppressor activity. Eur J Immunol (2011) 0.88
ROR inverse agonist suppresses insulitis and prevents hyperglycemia in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Endocrinology (2015) 0.88
Follicular helper T Cells (Tfh) and IL-21 involvement in the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid. PLoS One (2013) 0.87
CD4 T cell differentiation in type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol (2015) 0.86
Nuclear orphan receptor NR2F6 directly antagonizes NFAT and RORγt binding to the Il17a promoter. J Autoimmun (2012) 0.86
Altered effector CD4+ T cell function in IL-21R-/- CD4+ T cell-mediated graft-versus-host disease. J Immunol (2010) 0.85
Lack of IL-21 signal attenuates graft-versus-leukemia effect in the absence of CD8 T-cells. Bone Marrow Transplant (2011) 0.85
Expression level of a pancreatic neo-antigen in beta cells determines degree of diabetes pathogenesis. J Autoimmun (2010) 0.84
IL-21 Signaling in Immunity. F1000Res (2016) 0.84
Interleukin-21 is a critical regulator of CD4 and CD8 T cell survival during priming under Interleukin-2 deprivation conditions. PLoS One (2014) 0.82
Cytokines and type 1 diabetes: a numbers game. Diabetes (2011) 0.82
Post-operative infection and sepsis in humans is associated with deficient gene expression of γc cytokines and their apoptosis mediators. Crit Care (2011) 0.82
Pathogenic mechanisms in type 1 diabetes: the islet is both target and driver of disease. Rev Diabet Stud (2012) 0.80
Increased frequency of circulating IL-21 producing Th-cells in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Arthritis Res Ther (2013) 0.80
Assessing agonistic potential of a candidate therapeutic anti-IL21R antibody. J Transl Med (2010) 0.80
IL-21R signaling is critical for induction of spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Clin Invest (2015) 0.79
Aberrant ROCK activation promotes the development of type I diabetes in NOD mice. Cell Immunol (2010) 0.79
Genetic analysis of type 1 diabetes: embryonic stem cells as new tools to unlock biological mechanisms in type 1 diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud (2012) 0.78
Induction of autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice requires interleukin-21-dependent activation of autoreactive CD8⁺ T cells. Clin Exp Immunol (2013) 0.78
Mechanisms of autoimmunity in the non-obese diabetic mouse: effector/regulatory cell equilibrium during peak inflammation. Immunology (2016) 0.76
Mucosal interleukin-21 mRNA expression level is high in patients with Helicobacter pylori and is associated with the severity of gastritis. Cent Eur J Immunol (2015) 0.76
IFN regulatory factors 4 and 8 expression in the NOD mouse. Clin Dev Immunol (2011) 0.75
Cell-Intrinsic gp130 Signaling on CD4+ T Cells Shapes Long-Lasting Antiviral Immunity. J Immunol (2015) 0.75
Recent advances in understanding vitiligo. F1000Res (2016) 0.75
Advances of the interleukin-21 signaling pathway in immunity and angiogenesis. Biomed Rep (2016) 0.75
The circadian gene Arntl2 on distal mouse chromosome 6 controls thymocyte apoptosis. Mamm Genome (2016) 0.75
Role of IL-21 in HTLV-1 infections with emphasis on HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Med Microbiol Immunol (2017) 0.75
IL-21 initiates an alternative pathway to induce proinflammatory T(H)17 cells. Nature (2007) 16.59
IL-6 programs T(H)-17 cell differentiation by promoting sequential engagement of the IL-21 and IL-23 pathways. Nat Immunol (2007) 16.21
B7/CD28 costimulation is essential for the homeostasis of the CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells that control autoimmune diabetes. Immunity (2000) 15.44
Essential autocrine regulation by IL-21 in the generation of inflammatory T cells. Nature (2007) 14.28
A critical role for IL-21 in regulating immunoglobulin production. Science (2002) 7.09
Interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain mutation results in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency in humans. Cell (1993) 6.83
The NOD mouse: a model of immune dysregulation. Annu Rev Immunol (2005) 6.71
A RING-type ubiquitin ligase family member required to repress follicular helper T cells and autoimmunity. Nature (2005) 6.31
Interleukin 21 and its receptor are involved in NK cell expansion and regulation of lymphocyte function. Nature (2000) 5.86
Interleukin-2 gene variation impairs regulatory T cell function and causes autoimmunity. Nat Genet (2007) 5.68
Homeostatic expansion of T cells during immune insufficiency generates autoimmunity. Cell (2004) 5.59
Interleukin-21: basic biology and implications for cancer and autoimmunity. Annu Rev Immunol (2008) 4.90
Synergy of IL-21 and IL-15 in regulating CD8+ T cell expansion and function. J Exp Med (2005) 4.60
Regulation of B cell differentiation and plasma cell generation by IL-21, a novel inducer of Blimp-1 and Bcl-6. J Immunol (2004) 4.43
IL-21 limits NK cell responses and promotes antigen-specific T cell activation: a mediator of the transition from innate to adaptive immunity. Immunity (2002) 3.17
IL-21 is produced by NKT cells and modulates NKT cell activation and cytokine production. J Immunol (2007) 2.99
IL-21 has a pathogenic role in a lupus-prone mouse model and its blockade with IL-21R.Fc reduces disease progression. J Immunol (2007) 2.71
Innocuous IFNgamma induced by adjuvant-free antigen restores normoglycemia in NOD mice through inhibition of IL-17 production. J Exp Med (2008) 2.28
Functional waning of naturally occurring CD4+ regulatory T-cells contributes to the onset of autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes (2007) 2.27
Blockade of the interleukin-21/interleukin-21 receptor pathway ameliorates disease in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum (2007) 2.10
Structure, chromosomal localization and expression of mouse genes encoding type III Reg, RegIII alpha, RegIII beta, RegIII gamma. Gene (1997) 1.33
Production and characterization of Reg knockout mice: reduced proliferation of pancreatic beta-cells in Reg knockout mice. Diabetes (2002) 1.28
T-cell compartments of prediabetic NOD mice. Diabetes (2003) 1.27
Dynamic interaction between T cell-mediated beta-cell damage and beta-cell repair in the run up to autoimmune diabetes of the NOD mouse. Physiol Genomics (2005) 1.19
A Reg family protein is overexpressed in islets from a patient with new-onset type 1 diabetes and acts as T-cell autoantigen in NOD mice. Diabetes (2002) 1.10
Interleukin-17 stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent toxicity in mouse beta cells. Cell Mol Life Sci (2005) 1.08
RegII is a beta-cell protein and autoantigen in diabetes of NOD mice. Diabetes (2007) 1.06
IL-23 leads to diabetes induction after subdiabetogenic treatment with multiple low doses of streptozotocin. Eur J Immunol (2006) 1.03
IL-6 programs T(H)-17 cell differentiation by promoting sequential engagement of the IL-21 and IL-23 pathways. Nat Immunol (2007) 16.21
A critical role for IL-21 in regulating immunoglobulin production. Science (2002) 7.09
New insights into the regulation of T cells by gamma(c) family cytokines. Nat Rev Immunol (2009) 5.57
Interleukin-21: basic biology and implications for cancer and autoimmunity. Annu Rev Immunol (2008) 4.90
Synergy of IL-21 and IL-15 in regulating CD8+ T cell expansion and function. J Exp Med (2005) 4.60
Regulation of B cell differentiation and plasma cell generation by IL-21, a novel inducer of Blimp-1 and Bcl-6. J Immunol (2004) 4.43
CREB/ATF-dependent T cell receptor-induced FoxP3 gene expression: a role for DNA methylation. J Exp Med (2007) 4.42
A role for TSLP in the development of inflammation in an asthma model. J Exp Med (2005) 4.08
IL-21 induces differentiation of human naive and memory B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells. J Immunol (2005) 4.04
IL-21 is pivotal in determining age-dependent effectiveness of immune responses in a mouse model of human hepatitis B. J Clin Invest (2011) 3.59
IL-2 and IL-21 confer opposing differentiation programs to CD8+ T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Blood (2008) 3.52
Regulatory B cells control T-cell autoimmunity through IL-21-dependent cognate interactions. Nature (2012) 3.48
The molecular basis of IL-21-mediated proliferation. Blood (2007) 2.90
Analysis of interleukin-21-induced Prdm1 gene regulation reveals functional cooperation of STAT3 and IRF4 transcription factors. Immunity (2009) 2.89
IL-1 family members and STAT activators induce cytokine production by Th2, Th17, and Th1 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2009) 2.83
A role for thymic stromal lymphopoietin in CD4(+) T cell development. J Exp Med (2004) 2.81
Both integrated and differential regulation of components of the IL-2/IL-2 receptor system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev (2006) 2.71
Interleukin-2 at the crossroads of effector responses, tolerance, and immunotherapy. Immunity (2013) 2.69
NetPath: a public resource of curated signal transduction pathways. Genome Biol (2010) 2.62
Adoptively transferred effector cells derived from naive rather than central memory CD8+ T cells mediate superior antitumor immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2009) 2.56
Modulation of cytokine receptors by IL-2 broadly regulates differentiation into helper T cell lineages. Nat Immunol (2011) 2.47
A critical role for IL-21 receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus in BXSB-Yaa mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2009) 2.46
IL-2 family cytokines: new insights into the complex roles of IL-2 as a broad regulator of T helper cell differentiation. Curr Opin Immunol (2011) 2.44
The induction of antibody production by IL-6 is indirectly mediated by IL-21 produced by CD4+ T cells. J Exp Med (2009) 2.38
Priming for T helper type 2 differentiation by interleukin 2-mediated induction of interleukin 4 receptor alpha-chain expression. Nat Immunol (2008) 2.31
Compensatory dendritic cell development mediated by BATF-IRF interactions. Nature (2012) 2.25
Cytokines and immunodeficiency diseases: critical roles of the gamma(c)-dependent cytokines interleukins 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, and 21, and their signaling pathways. Immunol Rev (2004) 2.18
Critical Role of STAT5 transcription factor tetramerization for cytokine responses and normal immune function. Immunity (2012) 2.16
Cutting edge: direct action of thymic stromal lymphopoietin on activated human CD4+ T cells. J Immunol (2007) 2.03
IL-21 mediates suppressive effects via its induction of IL-10. J Immunol (2009) 2.00
BATF-JUN is critical for IRF4-mediated transcription in T cells. Nature (2012) 2.00
IL-2 negatively regulates IL-7 receptor alpha chain expression in activated T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2002) 1.96
Atopic dermatitis-like disease and associated lethal myeloproliferative disorder arise from loss of Notch signaling in the murine skin. PLoS One (2010) 1.92
Cytokine and cytokine receptor pleiotropy and redundancy. J Biol Chem (2002) 1.85
In vivo antitumor activity of interleukin 21 mediated by natural killer cells. Cancer Res (2003) 1.81
GA binding protein regulates interleukin 7 receptor alpha-chain gene expression in T cells. Nat Immunol (2004) 1.75
Interleukin-6/STAT3 signaling regulates the ability of naive T cells to acquire B-cell help capacities. Blood (2008) 1.68
A role for Stat5 in CD8+ T cell homeostasis. J Immunol (2003) 1.64
Marrow stromal cells differentiate into vasculature after allogeneic transplantation into ischemic myocardium. Ann Thorac Surg (2011) 1.59
Smad-dependent cooperative regulation of interleukin 2 receptor alpha chain gene expression by T cell receptor and transforming growth factor-beta. J Biol Chem (2005) 1.55
IL-21 and T follicular helper cells. Int Immunol (2009) 1.54
The Yin and Yang of interleukin-21 in allergy, autoimmunity and cancer. Curr Opin Immunol (2008) 1.51
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin-mediated STAT5 phosphorylation via kinases JAK1 and JAK2 reveals a key difference from IL-7-induced signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2010) 1.50
Stat5 expression is critical for mast cell development and survival. Blood (2003) 1.48
Calcium-dependent activation of interleukin-21 gene expression in T cells. J Biol Chem (2005) 1.47
TSLP: finally in the limelight. Nat Immunol (2002) 1.47
A distal region in the interferon-gamma gene is a site of epigenetic remodeling and transcriptional regulation by interleukin-2. J Biol Chem (2004) 1.47
Interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain mutation results in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency in humans. Cell 73: 147-157. 1993. J Immunol (2008) 1.44
Development of regulatory T cells requires IL-7Ralpha stimulation by IL-7 or TSLP. Blood (2008) 1.43
Mechanistic and structural insight into the functional dichotomy between IL-2 and IL-15. Nat Immunol (2012) 1.41
Cutting edge: spontaneous development of IL-17-producing gamma delta T cells in the thymus occurs via a TGF-beta 1-dependent mechanism. J Immunol (2010) 1.39
The basis for TCR-mediated regulation of the IL-2 receptor alpha chain gene: role of widely separated regulatory elements. EMBO J (2002) 1.36
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin: a new cytokine in asthma. Curr Opin Pharmacol (2008) 1.35
Formation of IL-7Ralphahigh and IL-7Ralphalow CD8 T cells during infection is regulated by the opposing functions of GABPalpha and Gfi-1. J Immunol (2008) 1.32
Constitutive expression of IL-7 receptor alpha does not support increased expansion or prevent contraction of antigen-specific CD4 or CD8 T cells following Listeria monocytogenes infection. J Immunol (2008) 1.30
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is a key mediator of breast cancer progression. J Immunol (2011) 1.30
Stat5 synergizes with T cell receptor/antigen stimulation in the development of lymphoblastic lymphoma. J Exp Med (2003) 1.29
Analysis of gamma c-family cytokine target genes. Identification of dual-specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) as a regulator of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in interleukin-2 signaling. J Biol Chem (2002) 1.28
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is produced by dendritic cells. J Immunol (2011) 1.28
Intrinsic IL-21 signaling is critical for CD8 T cell survival and memory formation in response to vaccinia viral infection. J Immunol (2011) 1.26
Maturation stage-specific regulation of megakaryopoiesis by pointed-domain Ets proteins. Blood (2006) 1.25
IL-13 induces skin fibrosis in atopic dermatitis by thymic stromal lymphopoietin. J Immunol (2011) 1.25
The transcription factor GABP is a critical regulator of B lymphocyte development. Immunity (2007) 1.24
The role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in CD8+ T cell homeostasis. J Immunol (2008) 1.23
Defective B cell responses in the absence of SH2D1A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2005) 1.21
Mast cell homeostasis: a fundamental aspect of allergic disease. Crit Rev Immunol (2007) 1.19
Interleukin-21 is a critical cytokine for the generation of virus-specific long-lived plasma cells. J Virol (2013) 1.18
Abrogation of donor T-cell IL-21 signaling leads to tissue-specific modulation of immunity and separation of GVHD from GVL. Blood (2011) 1.12
IL-10 suppresses mast cell IgE receptor expression and signaling in vitro and in vivo. J Immunol (2008) 1.11
Global analysis of IL-2 target genes: identification of chromosomal clusters of expressed genes. Int Immunol (2005) 1.10
T-cell development and function are modulated by dual specificity phosphatase DUSP5. J Biol Chem (2008) 1.10
Cutting edge: CD4 T cell-mast cell interactions alter IgE receptor expression and signaling. J Immunol (2008) 1.08
Direct injection of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells improves myocardial function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2009) 1.08
IL-21 promotes the pathologic immune response to pneumovirus infection. J Immunol (2012) 1.06
Local BLyS production by T follicular cells mediates retention of high affinity B cells during affinity maturation. J Exp Med (2013) 1.06
The cytokines IL-21 and GM-CSF have opposing regulatory roles in the apoptosis of conventional dendritic cells. Immunity (2013) 1.06
Opposing actions of IL-2 and IL-21 on Th9 differentiation correlate with their differential regulation of BCL6 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2014) 1.05
IL-21 restricts virus-driven Treg cell expansion in chronic LCMV infection. PLoS Pathog (2013) 1.03
Regulatory B cell (B10 Cell) expansion during Listeria infection governs innate and cellular immune responses in mice. J Immunol (2012) 1.03
Excessive Th1 responses due to the absence of TGF-β signaling cause autoimmune diabetes and dysregulated Treg cell homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2013) 1.02
Critical role for Rsk2 in T-lymphocyte activation. Blood (2007) 1.02
Stat5: an essential regulator of mast cell biology. Mol Immunol (2002) 0.99
Angiostatic activity of the antitumor cytokine interleukin-21. Blood (2008) 0.98
Cytokine mediators of Th17 function. Eur J Immunol (2009) 0.97
Interleukin-21 receptor gene induction in human T cells is mediated by T-cell receptor-induced Sp1 activity. Mol Cell Biol (2005) 0.96
Viral FLIP impairs survival of activated T cells and generation of CD8+ T cell memory. J Immunol (2004) 0.94
Key role for IL-21 in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2011) 0.94
IL-3-mediated TNF production is necessary for mast cell development. J Immunol (2006) 0.94
Hepatitis B virus induces G1 phase arrest by regulating cell cycle genes in HepG2.2.15 cells. Virol J (2011) 0.94
Serine phosphorylation of Stat5 proteins in lymphocytes stimulated with IL-2. Int Immunol (2002) 0.93
Complex interactions of transcription factors in mediating cytokine biology in T cells. Immunol Rev (2014) 0.93
IL-21 is an antitolerogenic cytokine of the late-phase alloimmune response. Diabetes (2011) 0.92
IL-21 is an immune activator that also mediates suppression via IL-10. Crit Rev Immunol (2010) 0.90
Overexpression of interleukin 21 induces expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Int J Hematol (2006) 0.89
Interleukin-10 induces apoptosis in developing mast cells and macrophages. J Leukoc Biol (2006) 0.89
IFN-gamma induces apoptosis in developing mast cells. J Immunol (2005) 0.89
TGFbeta1 induces mast cell apoptosis. Exp Hematol (2006) 0.87
GA-binding protein regulates KIS gene expression, cell migration, and cell cycle progression. FASEB J (2007) 0.87