Published in J Mol Biol on December 05, 1990
The comparative RNA web (CRW) site: an online database of comparative sequence and structure information for ribosomal, intron, and other RNAs. BMC Bioinformatics (2002) 29.41
RNA sequence analysis using covariance models. Nucleic Acids Res (1994) 14.60
Incorporating chemical modification constraints into a dynamic programming algorithm for prediction of RNA secondary structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2004) 10.35
Coaxial stacking of helixes enhances binding of oligoribonucleotides and improves predictions of RNA folding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1994) 8.06
Identifying constraints on the higher-order structure of RNA: continued development and application of comparative sequence analysis methods. Nucleic Acids Res (1992) 7.51
A general two-metal-ion mechanism for catalytic RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1993) 7.09
lincRNAs: genomics, evolution, and mechanisms. Cell (2013) 6.50
Stochastic context-free grammars for tRNA modeling. Nucleic Acids Res (1994) 6.29
The non-Watson-Crick base pairs and their associated isostericity matrices. Nucleic Acids Res (2002) 5.35
Palingol: a declarative programming language to describe nucleic acids' secondary structures and to scan sequence database. Nucleic Acids Res (1996) 4.87
High-throughput SHAPE analysis reveals structures in HIV-1 genomic RNA strongly conserved across distinct biological states. PLoS Biol (2008) 4.40
Evaluation of several lightweight stochastic context-free grammars for RNA secondary structure prediction. BMC Bioinformatics (2004) 3.60
The tmRNA Website: invasion by an intron. Nucleic Acids Res (2002) 3.23
Topology of three-way junctions in folded RNAs. RNA (2006) 3.14
Homing endonucleases: structural and functional insight into the catalysts of intron/intein mobility. Nucleic Acids Res (2001) 3.04
An operational RNA code for amino acids and possible relationship to genetic code. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1993) 2.87
Analysis of the structure of Tetrahymena nuclear RNAs in vivo: telomerase RNA, the self-splicing rRNA intron, and U2 snRNA. RNA (1995) 2.78
Coarse-grained modeling of large RNA molecules with knowledge-based potentials and structural filters. RNA (2009) 2.63
On the wobble GoU and related pairs. RNA (2000) 2.47
Genetic organization of the psbAD region in phages infecting marine Synechococcus strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2004) 2.46
SHAPE-directed RNA secondary structure prediction. Methods (2010) 2.40
Statistical modeling and analysis of the LAGLIDADG family of site-specific endonucleases and identification of an intein that encodes a site-specific endonuclease of the HNH family. Nucleic Acids Res (1997) 2.33
A comparative database of group I intron structures. Nucleic Acids Res (1994) 2.27
Rules for RNA recognition of GNRA tetraloops deduced by in vitro selection: comparison with in vivo evolution. EMBO J (1997) 2.14
Most compact hairpin-turn structure exerted by a short DNA fragment, d(GCGAAGC) in solution: an extraordinarily stable structure resistant to nucleases and heat. Nucleic Acids Res (1994) 2.14
Automated identification of RNA conformational motifs: theory and application to the HM LSU 23S rRNA. Nucleic Acids Res (2003) 2.10
Genomic organization and molecular analysis of virulent bacteriophage 2972 infecting an exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus strain. Appl Environ Microbiol (2005) 2.09
A common RNA structural motif involved in the internal initiation of translation of cellular mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res (1997) 2.05
Use of photoaffinity crosslinking and molecular modeling to analyze the global architecture of ribonuclease P RNA. EMBO J (1994) 1.99
Prokaryotic introns and inteins: a panoply of form and function. J Bacteriol (1995) 1.98
Extraordinarily stable mini-hairpins: electrophoretical and thermal properties of the various sequence variants of d(GCGAAAGC) and their effect on DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res (1992) 1.94
Role of RNA structure in arginine recognition of TAR RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1993) 1.94
New insight into RNase P RNA structure from comparative analysis of the archaeal RNA. RNA (2001) 1.91
RNA-Puzzles: a CASP-like evaluation of RNA three-dimensional structure prediction. RNA (2012) 1.88
Comparative analysis of ribonuclease P RNA using gene sequences from natural microbial populations reveals tertiary structural elements. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1996) 1.85
ModeRNA: a tool for comparative modeling of RNA 3D structure. Nucleic Acids Res (2011) 1.85
Unexpected abundance of self-splicing introns in the genome of bacteriophage Twort: introns in multiple genes, a single gene with three introns, and exon skipping by group I ribozymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1999) 1.85
Characteristics of the glmS ribozyme suggest only structural roles for divalent metal ions. RNA (2006) 1.81
New metrics for comparing and assessing discrepancies between RNA 3D structures and models. RNA (2009) 1.78
Assembly of core helices and rapid tertiary folding of a small bacterial group I ribozyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2003) 1.75
A long-range pseudoknot is required for activity of the Neurospora VS ribozyme. EMBO J (1996) 1.75
Essential nucleotide sequences and secondary structure elements of the hairpin ribozyme. EMBO J (1993) 1.69
Secondary structure model of the RNA recognized by the reverse transcriptase from the R2 retrotransposable element. RNA (1997) 1.68
Solution structure of a GAAA tetraloop receptor RNA. EMBO J (1997) 1.63
On the significance of an RNA tertiary structure prediction. RNA (2010) 1.61
A triple helix within a pseudoknot is a conserved and essential element of telomerase RNA. Mol Cell Biol (2007) 1.61
Structural architecture of the human long non-coding RNA, steroid receptor RNA activator. Nucleic Acids Res (2012) 1.58
The chloroplast and mitochondrial genome sequences of the charophyte Chaetosphaeridium globosum: insights into the timing of the events that restructured organelle DNAs within the green algal lineage that led to land plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2002) 1.56
Three-dimensional working model of M1 RNA, the catalytic RNA subunit of ribonuclease P from Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1994) 1.54
Structural inference of native and partially folded RNA by high-throughput contact mapping. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2008) 1.54
An optimal Mg(2+) concentration for kinetic folding of the tetrahymena ribozyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1999) 1.53
Crystal structure of a group I intron splicing intermediate. RNA (2004) 1.52
SHAPE analysis of long-range interactions reveals extensive and thermodynamically preferred misfolding in a fragile group I intron RNA. Biochemistry (2008) 1.51
Synthetic antibodies for specific recognition and crystallization of structured RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2007) 1.51
The chemical basis of adenosine conservation throughout the Tetrahymena ribozyme. RNA (1998) 1.49
Variation and in vitro splicing of group I introns in rRNA genes of Pneumocystis carinii. Nucleic Acids Res (1993) 1.47
Probing counterion modulated repulsion and attraction between nucleic acid duplexes in solution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2005) 1.46
The frameshift signal of HIV-1 involves a potential intramolecular triplex RNA structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2002) 1.46
The interaction networks of structured RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res (2006) 1.45
The secondary structure and sequence optimization of an RNA ligase ribozyme. Nucleic Acids Res (1995) 1.45
Origin and evolution of group I introns in cyanobacterial tRNA genes. J Bacteriol (1997) 1.44
Exceptional structured noncoding RNAs revealed by bacterial metagenome analysis. Nature (2009) 1.43
The folding of large RNAs studied by hybridization to arrays of complementary oligonucleotides. RNA (1999) 1.43
Introns and intein coding sequence in the ribonucleotide reductase genes of Bacillus subtilis temperate bacteriophage SPbeta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1998) 1.43
Core sequences and a cleavage site wobble pair required for HDV antigenomic ribozyme self-cleavage. Nucleic Acids Res (1996) 1.39
The aptamer core of SAM-IV riboswitches mimics the ligand-binding site of SAM-I riboswitches. RNA (2008) 1.39
An unspliced group I intron in 23S rRNA links Chlamydiales, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. J Bacteriol (1999) 1.39
High-throughput SHAPE and hydroxyl radical analysis of RNA structure and ribonucleoprotein assembly. Methods Enzymol (2009) 1.38
Specificity of RNA-RNA helix recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2002) 1.38
Correlation between the presence of a self-splicing intron in the 25S rDNA of C.albicans and strains susceptibility to 5-fluorocytosine. Nucleic Acids Res (1993) 1.37
Defining the chemical groups essential for Tetrahymena group I intron function by nucleotide analog interference mapping. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1997) 1.34
Evolution of mobile group I introns: recognition of intron sequences by an intron-encoded endonuclease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1994) 1.34
An intron in the thymidylate synthase gene of Bacillus bacteriophage beta 22: evidence for independent evolution of a gene, its group I intron, and the intron open reading frame. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1994) 1.33
A complex ligase ribozyme evolved in vitro from a group I ribozyme domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1999) 1.33
Crystallization of ribozymes and small RNA motifs by a sparse matrix approach. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1993) 1.32
A self-splicing group I intron in the nuclear pre-rRNA of the green alga, Ankistrodesmus stipitatus. Nucleic Acids Res (1991) 1.30
RNA-Puzzles Round II: assessment of RNA structure prediction programs applied to three large RNA structures. RNA (2015) 1.30
Widespread distribution of a group I intron and its three deletion derivatives in the lysin gene of Streptococcus thermophilus bacteriophages. J Virol (2000) 1.27
The mitochondrial genome of Chara vulgaris: insights into the mitochondrial DNA architecture of the last common ancestor of green algae and land plants. Plant Cell (2003) 1.27
Distinct contribution of electrostatics, initial conformational ensemble, and macromolecular stability in RNA folding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2007) 1.26
Two self-splicing group I introns in the ribonucleotide reductase large subunit gene of Staphylococcus aureus phage Twort. Nucleic Acids Res (2002) 1.26
Intron 5 alpha of the COXI gene of yeast mitochondrial DNA is a mobile group I intron. Nucleic Acids Res (1992) 1.25
The environment of two metal ions surrounding the splice site of a group I intron. EMBO J (1996) 1.25
YIDB: the Yeast Intron DataBase. Nucleic Acids Res (2000) 1.24
New classes of self-cleaving ribozymes revealed by comparative genomics analysis. Nat Chem Biol (2015) 1.23
RNA chaperone StpA loosens interactions of the tertiary structure in the td group I intron in vivo. Genes Dev (2002) 1.23
Principles of long noncoding RNA evolution derived from direct comparison of transcriptomes in 17 species. Cell Rep (2015) 1.22
Long-range RNA interactions between structural domains of the aphthovirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES). RNA (1999) 1.22
First complete genome sequence of two Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteriophages. J Bacteriol (2006) 1.21
Physics-based de novo prediction of RNA 3D structures. J Phys Chem B (2011) 1.21
Interaction of the intron-encoded mobility endonuclease I-PpoI with its target site. Mol Cell Biol (1993) 1.21
Oligonucleotide directed misfolding of RNA inhibits Candida albicans group I intron splicing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2002) 1.21
Cooperative tertiary interaction network guides RNA folding. Cell (2012) 1.21
The nicking homing endonuclease I-BasI is encoded by a group I intron in the DNA polymerase gene of the Bacillus thuringiensis phage Bastille. Nucleic Acids Res (2003) 1.20
Three-dimensional RNA structure refinement by hydroxyl radical probing. Nat Methods (2012) 1.20
A ribosomal function is necessary for efficient splicing of the T4 phage thymidylate synthase intron in vivo. Genes Dev (1998) 1.20
A sulfate pocket formed by three GoU pairs in the 0.97 A resolution X-ray structure of a nonameric RNA. RNA (1999) 1.20
A trans-splicing group I intron and tRNA-hyperediting in the mitochondrial genome of the lycophyte Isoetes engelmannii. Nucleic Acids Res (2009) 1.19
Maximizing RNA folding rates: a balancing act. RNA (2000) 1.19
Structural specificity conferred by a group I RNA peripheral element. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2005) 1.19
Geometric nomenclature and classification of RNA base pairs. RNA (2001) 9.08
Crystallographic refinement of yeast aspartic acid transfer RNA. J Mol Biol (1985) 6.33
A standard reference frame for the description of nucleic acid base-pair geometry. J Mol Biol (2001) 4.29
Hierarchy and dynamics of RNA folding. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct (1997) 3.95
Correlation between segmental mobility and the location of antigenic determinants in proteins. Nature (1984) 3.66
Visualizing the logic behind RNA self-assembly. Science (1996) 3.62
A common motif organizes the structure of multi-helix loops in 16 S and 23 S ribosomal RNAs. J Mol Biol (1998) 3.02
The 5S rRNA loop E: chemical probing and phylogenetic data versus crystal structure. RNA (1998) 2.94
A novel RNA structural motif in the selenocysteine insertion element of eukaryotic selenoprotein mRNAs. RNA (1996) 2.85
New loop-loop tertiary interactions in self-splicing introns of subgroup IC and ID: a complete 3D model of the Tetrahymena thermophila ribozyme. Chem Biol (1996) 2.81
Crystal structure of paromomycin docked into the eubacterial ribosomal decoding A site. Structure (2001) 2.57
On the wobble GoU and related pairs. RNA (2000) 2.47
Derivation of the three-dimensional architecture of bacterial ribonuclease P RNAs from comparative sequence analysis. J Mol Biol (1998) 2.42
Conserved geometrical base-pairing patterns in RNA. Q Rev Biophys (1998) 2.34
TectoRNA: modular assembly units for the construction of RNA nano-objects. Nucleic Acids Res (2001) 2.31
Involvement of a GNRA tetraloop in long-range RNA tertiary interactions. J Mol Biol (1994) 2.29
MANIP: an interactive tool for modelling RNA. J Mol Graph Model (1999) 2.24
A three-dimensional model of hepatitis delta virus ribozyme based on biochemical and mutational analyses. Curr Biol (1994) 2.13
RNA-RNA interaction is required for the formation of specific bicoid mRNA 3' UTR-STAUFEN ribonucleoprotein particles. EMBO J (1997) 2.13
Motif prediction in ribosomal RNAs Lessons and prospects for automated motif prediction in homologous RNA molecules. Biochimie (2002) 1.92
Water and ion binding around RNA and DNA (C,G) oligomers. J Mol Biol (2000) 1.86
A three-dimensional perspective on exon binding by a group II self-splicing intron. EMBO J (2000) 1.82
A potential RNA drug target in the hepatitis C virus internal ribosomal entry site. RNA (2000) 1.75
Statistical analysis of atomic contacts at RNA-protein interfaces. J Mol Recognit (2001) 1.73
A three-dimensional model for the hammerhead ribozyme based on fluorescence measurements. Science (1994) 1.71
Non-canonical interactions in a kissing loop complex: the dimerization initiation site of HIV-1 genomic RNA. J Mol Biol (1997) 1.66
Unique secondary and tertiary structural features of the eucaryotic selenocysteine tRNA(Sec). Nucleic Acids Res (1993) 1.65
Correlation between the location of antigenic sites and the prediction of turns in proteins. Immunol Lett (1993) 1.65
Exploration of metal ion binding sites in RNA folds by Brownian-dynamics simulations. Structure (1998) 1.64
Somatic mutation in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 provirus and flanking cellular sequences during clonal expansion in vivo. J Natl Cancer Inst (2001) 1.64
Structural basis for the specificity of the initiation of HIV-1 reverse transcription. EMBO J (1999) 1.59
RNA hydration: three nanoseconds of multiple molecular dynamics simulations of the solvated tRNA(Asp) anticodon hairpin. J Mol Biol (1997) 1.53
Solution structure of human U1 snRNA. Derivation of a possible three-dimensional model. Nucleic Acids Res (1990) 1.51
Simulations of the molecular dynamics of nucleic acids. Curr Opin Struct Biol (1998) 1.50
Predicting location of continuous epitopes in proteins from their primary structures. Methods Enzymol (1991) 1.48
Three-dimensional model of Escherichia coli ribosomal 5 S RNA as deduced from structure probing in solution and computer modeling. J Mol Biol (1991) 1.48
An unusual RNA tertiary interaction has a role for the specific aminoacylation of a transfer RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1993) 1.47
Binding of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S8 to 16 S rRNA. A model for the interaction and the tertiary structure of the RNA binding site. J Mol Biol (1987) 1.47
Solution structure of a tRNA with a large variable region: yeast tRNASer. J Mol Biol (1989) 1.47
Monitoring of the cooperative unfolding of the sunY group I intron of bacteriophage T4. The active form of the sunY ribozyme is stabilized by multiple interactions with 3' terminal intron components. J Mol Biol (1993) 1.47
The interaction networks of structured RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res (2006) 1.45
Solution structure of the 3'-end of brome mosaic virus genomic RNAs. Conformational mimicry with canonical tRNAs. J Mol Biol (1994) 1.44
Water and ion binding around r(UpA)12 and d(TpA)12 oligomers--comparison with RNA and DNA (CpG)12 duplexes. J Mol Biol (2001) 1.43
Singly and bifurcated hydrogen-bonded base-pairs in tRNA anticodon hairpins and ribozymes. J Mol Biol (1999) 1.41
Restrained refinement of the monoclinic form of yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA. Temperature factors and dynamics, coordinated waters, and base-pair propeller twist angles. Biochemistry (1986) 1.41
Analysis of class I introns in a mitochondrial plasmid associated with senescence of Podospora anserina reveals extraordinary resemblance to the Tetrahymena ribosomal intron. Curr Genet (1985) 1.40
Aminoglycoside binding to the hammerhead ribozyme: a general model for the interaction of cationic antibiotics with RNA. J Mol Biol (1998) 1.40
Dimerization of HIV-1 genomic RNA of subtypes A and B: RNA loop structure and magnesium binding. RNA (1999) 1.37
Activation of the catalytic core of a group I intron by a remote 3' splice junction. Genes Dev (1992) 1.36
Structural basis of ligand discrimination by two related RNA aptamers resolved by NMR spectroscopy. Science (1996) 1.36
Molecular dissection of the pseudoknot governing the translational regulation of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S15. Nucleic Acids Res (1995) 1.35
DRAWNA: a program for drawing schematic views of nucleic acids. J Mol Graph (1994) 1.35
Hydration of RNA base pairs. J Biomol Struct Dyn (1998) 1.34
Alternating d(G-A) sequences form a parallel-stranded DNA homoduplex. EMBO J (1992) 1.34
RNAs mediating cotranslational insertion of selenocysteine in eukaryotic selenoproteins. Biochimie (1996) 1.33
Mutagenesis of 16S rRNA C1409-G1491 base-pair differentiates between 6'OH and 6'NH3+ aminoglycosides. J Mol Biol (2004) 1.32
Aminoglycoside-RNA interactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol (1999) 1.30
Rules governing the orientation of the 2'-hydroxyl group in RNA. J Mol Biol (1997) 1.30
A tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase recognizes a conserved tRNA-like structural motif in the group I intron catalytic core. Cell (1996) 1.29
Progression of a loop-loop complex to a four-way junction is crucial for the activity of a regulatory antisense RNA. EMBO J (2000) 1.28
Unusual helical packing in crystals of DNA bearing a mutation hot spot. Nature (1989) 1.26
Deciphering RNA recognition: aminoglycoside binding to the hammerhead ribozyme. Chem Biol (1998) 1.26
Inter-domain cross-linking and molecular modelling of the hairpin ribozyme. J Mol Biol (1997) 1.25
The environment of two metal ions surrounding the splice site of a group I intron. EMBO J (1996) 1.25
The solution structure of the Escherichia coli initiator tRNA and its interactions with initiation factor 2 and the ribosomal 30 S subunit. J Biol Chem (1989) 1.25
Importance of conserved residues for the conformation of the T-loop in tRNAs. J Biomol Struct Dyn (1987) 1.23
Westhof's rule. Nature (1992) 1.23
Non-Watson-Crick base pairs in RNA-protein recognition. Chem Biol (1999) 1.21
Probing the structure of the regulatory region of human transferrin receptor messenger RNA and its interaction with iron regulatory protein-1. RNA (1997) 1.21
Phylogenetic evidence for a new tertiary interaction in bacterial RNase P RNAs. RNA (1997) 1.21
Higher order structure of chloroplastic 5S ribosomal RNA from spinach. Biochemistry (1988) 1.21
A sulfate pocket formed by three GoU pairs in the 0.97 A resolution X-ray structure of a nonameric RNA. RNA (1999) 1.20
Solution structure of selenocysteine-inserting tRNA(Sec) from Escherichia coli. Comparison with canonical tRNA(Ser). J Mol Biol (1993) 1.17
An extended structural signature for the tRNA anticodon loop. RNA (2001) 1.16
Molecular dynamics simulations of poly(dA).poly(dT): comparisons between implicit and explicit solvent representations. Biopolymers (1993) 1.16
An interactive framework for RNA secondary structure prediction with a dynamical treatment of constraints. J Mol Biol (1995) 1.15
Docking of cationic antibiotics to negatively charged pockets in RNA folds. J Med Chem (1999) 1.15
Molecular dynamics investigations of hammerhead ribozyme RNA. Eur Biophys J (1998) 1.12
Protein-dependent transition states for ribonucleoprotein assembly. J Mol Biol (2001) 1.12
H-bond stability in the tRNA(Asp) anticodon hairpin: 3 ns of multiple molecular dynamics simulations. Biophys J (1996) 1.11
Anticodon-anticodon interaction induces conformational changes in tRNA: yeast tRNAAsp, a model for tRNA-mRNA recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (1986) 1.11
Solvation of the left-handed hexamer d(5BrC-G-5BrC-G-5 BrC-G) in crystals grown at two temperatures. J Mol Biol (1986) 1.10
PREDITOP: a program for antigenicity prediction. J Mol Graph (1993) 1.10
Simulations of the dynamics at an RNA-protein interface. Nat Struct Biol (1999) 1.08
Function of P11, a tertiary base pairing in self-splicing introns of subgroup IA. J Mol Biol (1991) 1.08
RNA as a drug target: chemical, modelling, and evolutionary tools. Curr Opin Biotechnol (1998) 1.07
Analysis of the cooperative thermal unfolding of the td intron of bacteriophage T4. Nucleic Acids Res (1999) 1.07
The 16S rRNA binding site of Thermus thermophilus ribosomal protein S15: comparison with Escherichia coli S15, minimum site and structure. RNA (1996) 1.06
Molecular dynamics simulations of solvated yeast tRNA(Asp). Biophys J (1999) 1.06
Mechanism of refolding and reactivation of lactic dehydrogenase from pig heart after dissociation in various solvent media. Biochemistry (1977) 1.05
Large telomerase RNA, telomere length heterogeneity and escape from senescence in Candida glabrata. FEBS Lett (2009) 1.05
Phylogenetic analysis of tmRNA genes within a bacterial subgroup reveals a specific structural signature. Nucleic Acids Res (2001) 1.05
The 9/4 secondary structure of eukaryotic selenocysteine tRNA: more pieces of evidence. RNA (1998) 1.04
RNA solvation: a molecular dynamics simulation perspective. Biopolymers (2001) 1.03
Structure of a Z-DNA with two different backbone chain conformations. Stabilization of the decadeoxyoligonucleotide d(CGTACGTACG) by [Co(NH3)6]3+ binding to the guanine. J Biomol Struct Dyn (1986) 1.03
Isoalloxazine derivatives promote photocleavage of natural RNAs at G.U base pairs embedded within helices. Nucleic Acids Res (1997) 1.03
Studies on anticodon-anticodon interactions: hemi-protonation of cytosines induces self-pairing through the GCC anticodon of E. coli tRNA-Gly. J Biomol Struct Dyn (1986) 1.03