Small-molecule inhibition of the interaction between the translation initiation factors eIF4E and eIF4G.

PubWeight™: 3.21‹?› | Rank: Top 1%

🔗 View Article (PMID 17254965)

Published in Cell on January 26, 2007

Authors

Nathan J Moerke1, Huseyin Aktas, Han Chen, Sonia Cantel, Mikhail Y Reibarkh, Amr Fahmy, John D Gross, Alexei Degterev, Junying Yuan, Michael Chorev, Jose A Halperin, Gerhard Wagner

Author Affiliations

1: Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Articles citing this

(truncated to the top 100)

Regulation of translation initiation in eukaryotes: mechanisms and biological targets. Cell (2009) 14.51

PI3K and cancer: lessons, challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Drug Discov (2014) 4.81

Translational control in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer (2010) 4.59

A small-molecule inhibitor of BCL6 kills DLBCL cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Cell (2010) 3.05

eIF4F is a nexus of resistance to anti-BRAF and anti-MEK cancer therapies. Nature (2014) 2.84

Inhibition of PI3K/mTOR leads to adaptive resistance in matrix-attached cancer cells. Cancer Cell (2012) 2.71

Crystal structure of the yeast eIF4A-eIF4G complex: an RNA-helicase controlled by protein-protein interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2008) 2.24

Altered translation of GATA1 in Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Nat Med (2014) 2.11

Exaggerated translation causes synaptic and behavioural aberrations associated with autism. Nature (2012) 1.98

Structural conservation of druggable hot spots in protein-protein interfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2011) 1.95

RNA G-quadruplexes cause eIF4A-dependent oncogene translation in cancer. Nature (2014) 1.84

Translational control in cancer etiology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol (2013) 1.71

The biological and therapeutic relevance of mRNA translation in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol (2011) 1.54

IL-6- and NGF-induced rapid control of protein synthesis and nociceptive plasticity via convergent signaling to the eIF4F complex. J Neurosci (2010) 1.52

Uncoupling stress granule assembly and translation initiation inhibition. Mol Biol Cell (2009) 1.49

Pathogen signatures activate a ubiquitination pathway that modulates the function of the metabolic checkpoint kinase mTOR. Nat Immunol (2013) 1.46

eIF4E: new family members, new binding partners, new roles. J Biol Chem (2009) 1.42

Spinal protein kinase M ζ underlies the maintenance mechanism of persistent nociceptive sensitization. J Neurosci (2011) 1.30

Reversing chemoresistance by small molecule inhibition of the translation initiation complex eIF4F. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2010) 1.30

eIF4E knockdown decreases breast cancer cell growth without activating Akt signaling. Mol Cancer Ther (2008) 1.26

Targeting the eIF4F translation initiation complex: a critical nexus for cancer development. Cancer Res (2015) 1.23

Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis in children with hematologic malignancies. Paediatr Drugs (2012) 1.22

Inhibition of the interactions between eukaryotic initiation factors 4E and 4G impairs long-term associative memory consolidation but not reconsolidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2011) 1.22

Comparative structural analysis of human DEAD-box RNA helicases. PLoS One (2010) 1.21

Features of protein-protein interactions that translate into potent inhibitors: topology, surface area and affinity. Expert Rev Mol Med (2012) 1.18

Tumor suppression by small molecule inhibitors of translation initiation. Oncotarget (2012) 1.17

Chemical genetics identify eIF2α kinase heme-regulated inhibitor as an anticancer target. Nat Chem Biol (2011) 1.17

The eIF4E/eIF4G interaction inhibitor 4EGI-1 augments TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through c-FLIP Down-regulation and DR5 induction independent of inhibition of cap-dependent protein translation. Neoplasia (2010) 1.16

Targeting the translational machinery as a novel treatment strategy for hematologic malignancies. Blood (2010) 1.15

Overcoming the solubility limit with solubility-enhancement tags: successful applications in biomolecular NMR studies. J Biomol NMR (2010) 1.15

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E. Int J Biochem Cell Biol (2007) 1.15

Oncogenic AKTivation of translation as a therapeutic target. Br J Cancer (2011) 1.14

CPEB2-eEF2 interaction impedes HIF-1α RNA translation. EMBO J (2011) 1.13

A new small molecule inhibitor of estrogen receptor alpha binding to estrogen response elements blocks estrogen-dependent growth of cancer cells. J Biol Chem (2008) 1.10

Targeting translation dependence in cancer. Oncotarget (2011) 1.09

Synergistic effect of inhibiting translation initiation in combination with cytotoxic agents in acute myelogenous leukemia cells. Leuk Res (2009) 1.09

Leukemic cell xenograft in zebrafish embryo for investigating drug efficacy. Haematologica (2011) 1.08

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein family of proteins: sentinels at a translational control checkpoint in lung tumor defense. Cancer Res (2009) 1.06

Inhibition of polysome assembly enhances imatinib activity against chronic myelogenous leukemia and overcomes imatinib resistance. Mol Cell Biol (2008) 1.05

Emerging therapeutics targeting mRNA translation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol (2012) 1.04

The oncogene eIF4E: using biochemical insights to target cancer. J Interferon Cytokine Res (2013) 1.03

A conserved structure within the HIV gag open reading frame that controls translation initiation directly recruits the 40S subunit and eIF3. Nucleic Acids Res (2010) 1.02

Elevated expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E is associated with proliferation, invasion and acquired resistance to erlotinib in lung cancer. Cancer Biol Ther (2012) 1.02

BH3-only protein Bmf mediates apoptosis upon inhibition of CAP-dependent protein synthesis. Cell Death Differ (2010) 1.01

Inflammation-induced loss of Pdcd4 is mediated by phosphorylation-dependent degradation. Carcinogenesis (2011) 1.01

Aberrations in translational regulation are associated with poor prognosis in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res (2012) 1.01

Oncogenic activation of MEK/ERK primes melanoma cells for adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Invest Dermatol (2013) 1.00

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay occurs during eIF4F-dependent translation in human cells. Nat Struct Mol Biol (2013) 1.00

Nontoxic chemical interdiction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting cap-dependent translation. ACS Chem Biol (2009) 0.99

The translational repressor 4E-BP called to order by eIF4E: new structural insights by SAXS. Nucleic Acids Res (2010) 0.98

Development of a high-throughput cell-based reporter assay to identify stabilizers of tumor suppressor Pdcd4. J Biomol Screen (2009) 0.98

Induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells by candidaspongiolide, a novel sponge polyketide. J Natl Cancer Inst (2008) 0.98

Over-expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Cancer (2010) 0.97

Relationship between hot spot residues and ligand binding hot spots in protein-protein interfaces. J Chem Inf Model (2012) 0.95

Design, synthesis and evaluation of analogs of initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) cap-binding antagonist Bn7-GMP. Eur J Med Chem (2009) 0.94

Loss of 4E-BP1 function induces EMT and promotes cancer cell migration and invasion via cap-dependent translational activation of snail. Oncotarget (2014) 0.94

Evolutionary changes in the Leishmania eIF4F complex involve variations in the eIF4E-eIF4G interactions. Nucleic Acids Res (2009) 0.92

A novel role for IGF-1R in p53-mediated apoptosis through translational modulation of the p53-Mdm2 feedback loop. J Cell Biol (2007) 0.92

Translational control in the stress adaptive response of cancer cells: a novel role for the heat shock protein TRAP1. Cell Death Dis (2013) 0.92

Molecular mechanism of the dual activity of 4EGI-1: Dissociating eIF4G from eIF4E but stabilizing the binding of unphosphorylated 4E-BP1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2015) 0.92

Noncytotoxic inhibition of viral infection through eIF4F-independent suppression of translation by 4EGi-1. J Virol (2010) 0.91

Blocking eIF4E-eIF4G interaction as a strategy to impair coronavirus replication. J Virol (2011) 0.91

Inactivation of the mTORC1-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E pathway alters stress granule formation. Mol Cell Biol (2013) 0.91

Structural insights into the allosteric effects of 4EBP1 on the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E. J Mol Biol (2011) 0.90

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) promotes cap-dependent translation of selective mRNAs through up-regulating initiation factor eIF4E1 in breast cancer cells under hypoxia conditions. J Biol Chem (2013) 0.90

SYK regulates mTOR signaling in AML. Leukemia (2013) 0.90

Down-regulation of eIF4GII by miR-520c-3p represses diffuse large B cell lymphoma development. PLoS Genet (2014) 0.90

Small-molecule proteomimetic inhibitors of the HIF-1α-p300 protein-protein interaction. Chembiochem (2014) 0.89

Gene expression-based risk score in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget (2012) 0.89

The cap-translation inhibitor 4EGI-1 induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma through Noxa induction. Br J Cancer (2012) 0.89

Temporal and spatial regulation of translation in the mammalian oocyte via the mTOR-eIF4F pathway. Nat Commun (2015) 0.89

Targeting protein-protein interactions in hematologic malignancies: still a challenge or a great opportunity for future therapies? Immunol Rev (2015) 0.88

Protease-activated receptor 2 activation is sufficient to induce the transition to a chronic pain state. Pain (2015) 0.88

Multiple components of eIF4F are required for protein synthesis-dependent hippocampal long-term potentiation. J Neurophysiol (2012) 0.87

Attacking a nexus of the oncogenic circuitry by reversing aberrant eIF4F-mediated translation. Mol Cancer Ther (2012) 0.87

4EBP1/c-MYC/PUMA and NF-κB/EGR1/BIM pathways underlie cytotoxicity of mTOR dual inhibitors in malignant lymphoid cells. Blood (2016) 0.87

Proteasome modulates positive and negative translational regulators in long-term synaptic plasticity. J Neurosci (2014) 0.86

Structure of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E in complex with 4EGI-1 reveals an allosteric mechanism for dissociating eIF4G. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2014) 0.85

Targeting eukaryotic translation in mesothelioma cells with an eIF4E-specific antisense oligonucleotide. PLoS One (2013) 0.85

Phosphorylation of eIF4E Confers Resistance to Cellular Stress and DNA-Damaging Agents through an Interaction with 4E-T: A Rationale for Novel Therapeutic Approaches. PLoS One (2015) 0.84

4EGI-1 targets breast cancer stem cells by selective inhibition of translation that persists in CSC maintenance, proliferation and metastasis. Oncotarget (2014) 0.84

Evolutionary conservation and diversification of the translation initiation apparatus in trypanosomatids. Comp Funct Genomics (2012) 0.84

mTOR, a Potential Target to Treat Autism Spectrum Disorder. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets (2016) 0.84

Sensitivity of global translation to mTOR inhibition in REN cells depends on the equilibrium between eIF4E and 4E-BP1. PLoS One (2011) 0.84

Measles vaccine strains for virotherapy of non-small-cell lung carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol (2014) 0.84

Antisense oligonucleotide targeting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E reduces growth and enhances chemosensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther (2015) 0.83

Dysregulation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Mouse Models of Autism. J Neurosci (2015) 0.83

Structural insights into parasite eIF4E binding specificity for m7G and m2,2,7G mRNA caps. J Biol Chem (2009) 0.83

Navigating traditional chinese medicine network pharmacology and computational tools. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med (2013) 0.83

Resistance to EGFR-TKI can be mediated through multiple signaling pathways converging upon cap-dependent translation in EGFR-wild type NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol (2013) 0.82

Dynamic Protein Interaction Networks and New Structural Paradigms in Signaling. Chem Rev (2016) 0.82

Characterization of pomiferin triacetate as a novel mTOR and translation inhibitor. Biochem Pharmacol (2014) 0.82

Hyperactivation of mTORC1 and mTORC2 by multiple oncogenic events causes addiction to eIF4E-dependent mRNA translation in T-cell leukemia. Oncogene (2014) 0.82

A collection of caged compounds for probing roles of local translation in neurobiology. Bioorg Med Chem (2010) 0.81

Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 suppresses hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression by blocking protein translation and increases cell death under hypoxia. Cancer Biol Ther (2012) 0.81

Cap-proximal nucleotides via differential eIF4E binding and alternative promoter usage mediate translational response to energy stress. Elife (2017) 0.81

Milk--A Nutrient System of Mammalian Evolution Promoting mTORC1-Dependent Translation. Int J Mol Sci (2015) 0.80

Characterization of the Raptor/4E-BP1 interaction by chemical cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry analysis. J Biol Chem (2014) 0.79

Axonal cap-dependent translation regulates presynaptic p35. Dev Neurobiol (2013) 0.79

New insights into 4E-BP1-regulated translation in cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Cell Microenviron (2015) 0.79

Articles by these authors

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy (2012) 20.08

Fission and selective fusion govern mitochondrial segregation and elimination by autophagy. EMBO J (2008) 12.89

Chemical inhibitor of nonapoptotic cell death with therapeutic potential for ischemic brain injury. Nat Chem Biol (2005) 11.63

Large-scale association analysis provides insights into the genetic architecture and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Nat Genet (2012) 11.09

Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict? J Clin Invest (2005) 10.70

Identification of RIP1 kinase as a specific cellular target of necrostatins. Nat Chem Biol (2008) 9.24

A selective inhibitor of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation protects cells from ER stress. Science (2005) 7.98

Activation of apoptosis in vivo by a hydrocarbon-stapled BH3 helix. Science (2004) 7.63

Identification of a molecular signaling network that regulates a cellular necrotic cell death pathway. Cell (2008) 7.61

Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase diverts glycolytic flux and contributes to oncogenesis. Nat Genet (2011) 6.89

Evidence for an alternative glycolytic pathway in rapidly proliferating cells. Science (2010) 5.44

Large-scale association analyses identify new loci influencing glycemic traits and provide insight into the underlying biological pathways. Nat Genet (2012) 4.73

A genome-wide approach accounting for body mass index identifies genetic variants influencing fasting glycemic traits and insulin resistance. Nat Genet (2012) 4.37

Genome-wide trans-ancestry meta-analysis provides insight into the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes susceptibility. Nat Genet (2014) 4.13

Functional characterization of IRESes by an inhibitor of the RNA helicase eIF4A. Nat Chem Biol (2006) 3.89

Regulation of intracellular accumulation of mutant Huntingtin by Beclin 1. J Biol Chem (2006) 3.77

Expansion and evolution of cell death programmes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2008) 3.59

A decade of caspases. Oncogene (2003) 3.55

Bax and Bak can localize to the endoplasmic reticulum to initiate apoptosis. J Cell Biol (2003) 3.52

Necroptosis as an alternative form of programmed cell death. Curr Opin Cell Biol (2010) 3.51

Ribosome loading onto the mRNA cap is driven by conformational coupling between eIF4G and eIF4E. Cell (2003) 3.46

Solution structure of the integral human membrane protein VDAC-1 in detergent micelles. Science (2008) 3.38

Small molecule regulators of autophagy identified by an image-based high-throughput screen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2007) 3.37

The PHD finger of the chromatin-associated protein ING2 functions as a nuclear phosphoinositide receptor. Cell (2003) 3.36

The structural basis of yeast prion strain variants. Nature (2007) 3.31

Structural basis for recruitment of CBP/p300 by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2002) 3.28

An ARC/Mediator subunit required for SREBP control of cholesterol and lipid homeostasis. Nature (2006) 3.23

High-speed imaging reveals neurophysiological links to behavior in an animal model of depression. Science (2007) 3.13

HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody extracts its epitope from a kinked gp41 ectodomain region on the viral membrane. Immunity (2008) 3.01

A nuclear receptor-like pathway regulating multidrug resistance in fungi. Nature (2008) 3.00

Metabolic regulation of protein N-alpha-acetylation by Bcl-xL promotes cell survival. Cell (2011) 2.98

Structure of the DNA deaminase domain of the HIV-1 restriction factor APOBEC3G. Nature (2008) 2.80

Diversity in the mechanisms of neuronal cell death. Neuron (2003) 2.79

Position of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF1 on the 40S ribosomal subunit determined by directed hydroxyl radical probing. Genes Dev (2003) 2.77

Mechanisms of pre-apoptotic calreticulin exposure in immunogenic cell death. EMBO J (2009) 2.72

Vif hijacks CBF-β to degrade APOBEC3G and promote HIV-1 infection. Nature (2011) 2.71

Pivotal role of oligomerization in expanded polyglutamine neurodegenerative disorders. Nature (2003) 2.60

Topology and regulation of the human eIF4A/4G/4H helicase complex in translation initiation. Cell (2009) 2.60

Beclin1 controls the levels of p53 by regulating the deubiquitination activity of USP10 and USP13. Cell (2011) 2.58

Negative regulation of Vps34 by Cdk mediated phosphorylation. Mol Cell (2010) 2.57

Cell death assays for drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov (2011) 2.51

The rhesus rotavirus VP4 sialic acid binding domain has a galectin fold with a novel carbohydrate binding site. EMBO J (2002) 2.41

The alphabeta T cell receptor is an anisotropic mechanosensor. J Biol Chem (2009) 2.41

Ultrahigh-resolution (1)H-(13)C HSQC spectra of metabolite mixtures using nonlinear sampling and forward maximum entropy reconstruction. J Am Chem Soc (2007) 2.40

A genome-wide siRNA screen reveals multiple mTORC1 independent signaling pathways regulating autophagy under normal nutritional conditions. Dev Cell (2010) 2.40

Dynamic thiolation-thioesterase structure of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase. Nature (2008) 2.39

The mRNA cap-binding protein eIF4E in post-transcriptional gene expression. Nat Struct Mol Biol (2004) 2.37

Translation initiation: structures, mechanisms and evolution. Q Rev Biophys (2005) 2.31

Accelerated acquisition of high resolution triple-resonance spectra using non-uniform sampling and maximum entropy reconstruction. J Magn Reson (2004) 2.30

Structural studies of the interaction between ubiquitin family proteins and proteasome subunit S5a. Biochemistry (2002) 2.29

Selective inhibition of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha dephosphorylation potentiates fatty acid-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and causes pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. J Biol Chem (2006) 2.26

In situ observation of protein phosphorylation by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. Nat Struct Mol Biol (2008) 2.23

Structural basis for negative regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha by CITED2. Nat Struct Biol (2003) 2.23

Genome-wide association identifies nine common variants associated with fasting proinsulin levels and provides new insights into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes (2011) 2.21

Antigen-mediated T cell expansion regulated by parallel pathways of death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2008) 2.20

A general framework for development and data analysis of competitive high-throughput screens for small-molecule inhibitors of protein-protein interactions by fluorescence polarization. Biochemistry (2004) 2.20

Solution structure of the HIV-1 integrase-binding domain in LEDGF/p75. Nat Struct Mol Biol (2005) 2.17

Genome-wide analysis reveals mechanisms modulating autophagy in normal brain aging and in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2010) 2.10

Mammalian SCAN domain dimer is a domain-swapped homolog of the HIV capsid C-terminal domain. Mol Cell (2005) 2.07

Necrostatin-1 reduces histopathology and improves functional outcome after controlled cortical impact in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab (2008) 2.06

Caspase-11 regulates cell migration by promoting Aip1-Cofilin-mediated actin depolymerization. Nat Cell Biol (2007) 2.01

Autophagy limits Listeria monocytogenes intracellular growth in the early phase of primary infection. Autophagy (2007) 1.92

Automated neurite extraction using dynamic programming for high-throughput screening of neuron-based assays. Neuroimage (2007) 1.92

Optimized phospholipid bilayer nanodiscs facilitate high-resolution structure determination of membrane proteins. J Am Chem Soc (2013) 1.90

Necroptosis, a novel form of caspase-independent cell death, contributes to neuronal damage in a retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury model. J Neurosci Res (2010) 1.89

Regulation of RIP1 kinase signalling at the crossroads of inflammation and cell death. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2013) 1.89

The Jekyll and Hyde functions of caspases. Dev Cell (2009) 1.87

Ufd1 exhibits the AAA-ATPase fold with two distinct ubiquitin interaction sites. Structure (2005) 1.86

Structural basis for the enhancement of eIF4A helicase activity by eIF4G. Genes Dev (2005) 1.83

Transgenic rat model of neurodegeneration caused by mutation in the TDP gene. PLoS Genet (2010) 1.81

Application of iterative soft thresholding for fast reconstruction of NMR data non-uniformly sampled with multidimensional Poisson Gap scheduling. J Biomol NMR (2012) 1.81

Broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies disrupt a hinge-related function of gp41 at the membrane interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2009) 1.79

Poisson-gap sampling and forward maximum entropy reconstruction for enhancing the resolution and sensitivity of protein NMR data. J Am Chem Soc (2010) 1.78

IgE stimulates human and mouse arterial cell apoptosis and cytokine expression and promotes atherogenesis in Apoe-/- mice. J Clin Invest (2011) 1.77

NMR structural investigation of the mitochondrial outer membrane protein VDAC and its interaction with antiapoptotic Bcl-xL. Biochemistry (2007) 1.76

Single-balloon-assisted colonoscopy in patients with previously failed colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc (2010) 1.74

Scleraxis and NFATc regulate the expression of the pro-alpha1(I) collagen gene in tendon fibroblasts. J Biol Chem (2007) 1.72

Structure-activity relationship study of novel necroptosis inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2005) 1.72

Deubiquitination of NLRP3 by BRCC3 critically regulates inflammasome activity. Mol Cell (2012) 1.72

RNA-mediated sequestration of the RNA helicase eIF4A by Pateamine A inhibits translation initiation. Chem Biol (2006) 1.71

Quantitative NMR analysis of the protein G B1 domain in Xenopus laevis egg extracts and intact oocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2006) 1.70

Apoptotic and non-apoptotic roles of caspases in neuronal physiology and pathophysiology. Nat Rev Neurosci (2012) 1.69

Activation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways regulates Myc-mediated transcription by phosphorylating and promoting the degradation of Mad1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2008) 1.69

Structural basis for the selectivity of the external thioesterase of the surfactin synthetase. Nature (2008) 1.66

Domain-swapped dimerization of the HIV-1 capsid C-terminal domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2007) 1.66