Published in N Engl J Med on February 16, 2006
Women's Health Initiative (WHI) | NCT00000611
Topical Delivery of Vitamin D3 as Vitamin D Supplementation | NCT02735200
Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ (2010) 10.85
Vitamin D-binding protein and vitamin D status of black Americans and white Americans. N Engl J Med (2013) 9.87
Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ (2009) 7.64
Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture. Nat Genet (2012) 5.48
Calcium intake and bone mineral density: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ (2015) 4.29
Health risks and benefits from calcium and vitamin D supplementation: Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and cohort study. Osteoporos Int (2012) 4.09
The 2012 hormone therapy position statement of: The North American Menopause Society. Menopause (2012) 4.04
Overweight, Obesity, and Postmenopausal Invasive Breast Cancer Risk: A Secondary Analysis of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA Oncol (2015) 3.64
Prevalence and associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in US children: NHANES 2001-2004. Pediatrics (2009) 3.62
Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst (2008) 3.60
A randomized factorial trial of vitamins C and E and beta carotene in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in women: results from the Women's Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study. Arch Intern Med (2007) 3.37
High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency despite supplementation in premenopausal women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol (2009) 2.97
Vitamin D insufficiency. Mayo Clin Proc (2011) 2.89
Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and health outcomes five years after active intervention ended: the Women's Health Initiative. J Womens Health (Larchmt) (2013) 2.81
Effect of calcium supplementation on hip fractures. Osteoporos Int (2008) 2.79
Clinical practice. Calcium supplements and fracture prevention. N Engl J Med (2013) 2.78
Skeletal and nonskeletal effects of vitamin D: is vitamin D a tonic for bone and other tissues? Osteoporos Int (2014) 2.74
Patient level pooled analysis of 68 500 patients from seven major vitamin D fracture trials in US and Europe. BMJ (2010) 2.67
Incidence of hypercalciuria and hypercalcemia during vitamin D and calcium supplementation in older women. Menopause (2014) 2.61
Calcium intake and risk of fracture: systematic review. BMJ (2015) 2.60
The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): rationale and design of a large randomized controlled trial of vitamin D and marine omega-3 fatty acid supplements for the primary prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Contemp Clin Trials (2011) 2.59
Vitamin D-binding protein modifies the vitamin D-bone mineral density relationship. J Bone Miner Res (2011) 2.55
Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial. Hypertension (2008) 2.44
Calcium and vitamin D supplements and health outcomes: a reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) limited-access data set. Am J Clin Nutr (2011) 2.44
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and risk for hip fractures. Ann Intern Med (2008) 2.44
African Americans, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and osteoporosis: a paradox. Am J Clin Nutr (2008) 2.37
Nephrolithiasis-associated bone disease: pathogenesis and treatment options. Kidney Int (2010) 2.35
Calcium and vitamin D supplementation and cognitive impairment in the women's health initiative. J Am Geriatr Soc (2012) 2.30
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocr Pract (2011) 2.29
An IV for the RCT: using instrumental variables to adjust for treatment contamination in randomised controlled trials. BMJ (2010) 2.22
Urinary tract stone occurrence in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized clinical trial of calcium and vitamin D supplements. Am J Clin Nutr (2011) 2.21
Long term calcium intake and rates of all cause and cardiovascular mortality: community based prospective longitudinal cohort study. BMJ (2013) 2.17
Vitamin D status and arterial hypertension: a systematic review. Nat Rev Cardiol (2009) 2.13
Effects of calcium supplementation on bone density in healthy children: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ (2006) 2.11
Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and mortality in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative calcium-vitamin D randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci (2009) 2.01
Calcium/vitamin D supplementation and coronary artery calcification in the Women's Health Initiative. Menopause (2010) 2.00
Rapid correction of low vitamin D status in nursing home residents. Osteoporos Int (2008) 1.97
Impact of nutritional factors on incident kidney stone formation: a report from the WHI OS. J Urol (2012) 1.84
Epidemiology of stone disease. Urol Clin North Am (2007) 1.83
Maternal Versus Infant Vitamin D Supplementation During Lactation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatrics (2015) 1.82
Vitamin D - effects on skeletal and extraskeletal health and the need for supplementation. Nutrients (2013) 1.81
Benefit-risk assessment of vitamin D supplementation. Osteoporos Int (2009) 1.70
Predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations among postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Calcium plus Vitamin D clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr (2010) 1.67
Calcium intake in the United States from dietary and supplemental sources across adult age groups: new estimates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006. J Am Diet Assoc (2011) 1.65
Vitamin d, adiposity, and calcified atherosclerotic plaque in african-americans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2010) 1.64
Epidemiology of urolithiasis: an update. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab (2008) 1.61
Magnesium intake, bone mineral density, and fractures: results from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Am J Clin Nutr (2014) 1.60
Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and risk of fractures: an updated meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. Osteoporos Int (2015) 1.60
Vitamin D in adult health and disease: a review and guideline statement from Osteoporosis Canada (summary). CMAJ (2010) 1.59
The effect of high-dose vitamin D on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women with low bone mass--a randomized controlled 1-year trial. Osteoporos Int (2011) 1.58
Calcium and vitamin D: skeletal and extraskeletal health. Curr Rheumatol Rep (2008) 1.54
To stop or not to stop, that is the question. Osteoporos Int (2009) 1.53
Absolute risk reduction in osteoporosis: assessing treatment efficacy by number needed to treat. Rheumatol Int (2009) 1.53
Demographics and characterization of 10,282 Randall plaque-related kidney stones: a new epidemic? Medicine (Baltimore) (2015) 1.45
Vitamin D in adult health and disease: a review and guideline statement from Osteoporosis Canada. CMAJ (2010) 1.45
Kidney stones associate with increased risk for myocardial infarction. J Am Soc Nephrol (2010) 1.44
Carotid artery plaque thickness is associated with increased serum calcium levels: the Northern Manhattan study. Atherosclerosis (2006) 1.43
Vitamin D levels and menopause-related symptoms. Menopause (2014) 1.41
Clinical review. Kidney stones 2012: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2012) 1.41
Nutritional vitamin D status during pregnancy: reasons for concern. CMAJ (2006) 1.38
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the risk of hip and nonspine fractures in older men. J Bone Miner Res (2010) 1.35
Vitamin D-deficiency and post-fracture changes in lower extremity function and falls in women with hip fractures. Osteoporos Int (2008) 1.34
Bone mineral density in estrogen-deficient young women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2009) 1.33
Non-compliance: the Achilles' heel of anti-fracture efficacy. Osteoporos Int (2007) 1.33
Selecting patients for randomized trials: a systematic approach based on risk group. Trials (2006) 1.33
Vitamin D status indicators in indigenous populations in East Africa. Eur J Nutr (2012) 1.27
Evaluation of ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol dosing, 1,600 IU daily or 50,000 IU monthly in older adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2011) 1.25
Does vitamin D sufficiency equate to a single serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level or are different levels required for non-skeletal diseases? Nutrients (2013) 1.24
Should we prescribe calcium supplements for osteoporosis prevention? J Bone Metab (2014) 1.24
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr (2011) 1.22
The effect of calcium plus vitamin D on risk for invasive cancer: results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) calcium plus vitamin D randomized clinical trial. Nutr Cancer (2011) 1.20
Vitamin D and aging: old concepts and new insights. J Nutr Biochem (2007) 1.18
Low vitamin D status: definition, prevalence, consequences, and correction. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am (2010) 1.18
Predictors of adherence in the Women's Health Initiative Calcium and Vitamin D Trial. Behav Med (2009) 1.16
Fatty acid consumption and risk of fracture in the Women's Health Initiative. Am J Clin Nutr (2010) 1.16
Vitamin D insufficiency, deficiency, and bone health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2010) 1.14
Fall prevention and vitamin D in the elderly: an overview of the key role of the non-bone effects. J Neuroeng Rehabil (2010) 1.14
How strong is the evidence that solar ultraviolet B and vitamin D reduce the risk of cancer?: An examination using Hill's criteria for causality. Dermatoendocrinol (2009) 1.13
Progress in developing analytical and label-based dietary supplement databases at the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. J Food Compost Anal (2008) 1.13
Basic and clinical aspects of osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol (2007) 1.12
Effect of calcium supplementation on fracture risk: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr (2008) 1.12
Detecting moderator effects using subgroup analyses. Prev Sci (2013) 1.11
Placebo-controlled trials in osteoporosis--proceeding with caution. N Engl J Med (2010) 1.11
Vitamin D supplementation and depression in the women's health initiative calcium and vitamin D trial. Am J Epidemiol (2012) 1.10
Metabolic complications and treatment of perinatally HIV-infected children and adolescents. J Int AIDS Soc (2013) 1.09
Preventing fractures among older people living in institutional care: a pragmatic randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation. Osteoporos Int (2007) 1.09
A food frequency questionnaire for the assessment of calcium, vitamin D and vitamin K: a pilot validation study. Nutrients (2010) 1.09
Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancer: post hoc analyses of the women's health initiative randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol (2011) 1.08
How to select the doses of vitamin D in the management of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int (2006) 1.08
Annual adult health checkup: update on the Preventive Care Checklist Form(©). Can Fam Physician (2012) 1.08
Are more trials of calcium supplements really needed? Osteoporos Int (2017) 1.08
Vitamin D-binding protein levels do not influence the effect of vitamin D repletion on serum PTH and calcium: data from a randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2014) 1.07
Hip fracture risk in relation to vitamin D supplementation and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. BMC Public Health (2010) 1.07
Prevalence of vitamin D depletion among subjects seeking advice on osteoporosis: a five-year cross-sectional study with public health implications. Osteoporos Int (2007) 1.06
Calcium and vitamin D intake influence bone mass, but not short-term fracture risk, in Caucasian postmenopausal women from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (NORA) study. Osteoporos Int (2007) 1.06
Vitamin D: do we get enough? A discussion between vitamin D experts in order to make a step towards the harmonisation of dietary reference intakes for vitamin D across Europe. Osteoporos Int (2012) 1.05
The biology and pathology of vitamin D control in bone. J Cell Biochem (2010) 1.03
Why randomized controlled trials of calcium and vitamin D sometimes fail. Dermatoendocrinol (2012) 1.02
Mineral metabolism and aging: the fibroblast growth factor 23 enigma. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens (2007) 1.02
The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA (2003) 97.28
Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA (2002) 80.37
Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension (2003) 63.78
Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA (2004) 23.69
A Randomized Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control. N Engl J Med (2015) 19.14
Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med (2007) 18.27
Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med (2006) 18.25
Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med (2013) 15.58
Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of cardiovascular events in women. N Engl J Med (2007) 14.90
Reduction in weight and cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes: one-year results of the look AHEAD trial. Diabetes Care (2007) 14.35
The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2010) 13.29
Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association's strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond. Circulation (2010) 13.28
Effects of continuing or stopping alendronate after 5 years of treatment: the Fracture Intervention Trial Long-term Extension (FLEX): a randomized trial. JAMA (2006) 12.47
Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA (2006) 12.44
The decrease in breast-cancer incidence in 2003 in the United States. N Engl J Med (2007) 12.23
Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women. JAMA (2004) 11.69
Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Circulation (2006) 11.65
Genome-wide association study of blood pressure and hypertension. Nat Genet (2009) 11.54
Ultrasonography versus computed tomography for suspected nephrolithiasis. N Engl J Med (2014) 11.30
Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial. JAMA (2003) 10.61
Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA (2007) 10.50